Abstract: Process for catalytical steam reforming a carbonaceous feedstock without any carbon formation, wherein the feedstock is contacted with a nickel catalyst further including gold in an amount of 0.01 to 30% by weight calculated on the amount of nickel in the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ammonia from a hydrogen- and nitrogen-containing synthesis gas having a combined compression step in the recirculation of synthesis gas from at least two ammonia synthesis loops. The process includes admixing to the synthesis gas a recycle gas from a first and a second ammonia separation step. The admixed gases are pressurized, and the gas is divided into a first make-up gas stream and a second make-up gas stream. The first make-up gas stream is introduced to a first ammonia reactor, and a first process stream rich in ammonia is withdrawn. The second ammonia make-up gas stream is introduced into a second ammonia reactor, and a second process stream rich in ammonia is withdrawn. Ammonia from the first and second process streams is separated. The remainders of the first and second process streams are recycled for admixing with the synthesis gas. The separated ammonia is combined and withdrawn as an ammonia product stream.

Abstract: A ceramic material, having the general formula:A.sub.x B.sub.y O.sub.2-.delta.whereinx.ltoreq.1 and y.ltoreq.1 and -1.delta.<1, andA is one or more metals selected from the group of Ti,Zr, Hf, Ce and Th or mixtures thereof;B is at least two metals selected from group 2a, 3b and the lanthanide group of metals.

Abstract: A process for the removal of corrosive compounds from a fluid stream, comprising the steps of: in an extraction column with an outer steel tube and an inner tube of corrosion resistant material having an open inlet end and an open outlet end and being arranged coaxially with and spaced apart within at least top portion of the outer tube, introducing at elevated temperature at the inlet end of the inner tube the fluid stream and an extraction agent and effecting in the mixed stream of the fluid and extraction agent extraction of the corrosive compounds; introducing into an annular space between the walls of the outer and the inner tube a shell stream of a non-corrosive fluid, thereby absorbing in the shell stream amounts of the corrosive compounds diffusing through the wall of the inner tube; passing the shell stream to the bottom portion of the outer tube; cooling the mixed stream at the outlet end of the inner tube by introducing into the stream a cooling stream; passing the cooled stream to the bottom porti

Abstract: Process for the selective removal of aromatic compounds from a hydrocarbon mixture by contacting the mixture in presence of an olefinic alkylating agent with an alkylation catalyst selected from the group of fluorinated alkyl sulphonic acids movably adsorbed on a silica comprising carrier material.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide rich gas comprising partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in a reactor with an upper and a lower portion and a refractory lining attached to an inner surface of the reactor, comprising the steps of introducing the feedstock and an oxygen containing atmosphere into the upper portion of the reactor;partially oxidizing the feedstock with oxygen in the upper portion of the reactor; andcontacting a part of the partially oxidized feedstock with a reforming catalyst arranged on the refractory lining in at least the upper portion of the reactor, so that to cool the lining by endothermic reforming reactions proceeding in the partially oxidized gas on the refractory lining.

Abstract: A liquid-vapor distribution device for use in two-phase concurrent downflow vessels including a level, horizontal tray fabricated and installed so as to be essentially leak free at the junctions of the tray and the vessel wall, the horizontal tray being perforated with holes of equal size, the holes being distributed in an optimized pattern over the surface of the horizontal tray, each perforation through the horizontal tray being fitted with a vapor lift tube.

Abstract: A process for the removal of corrosive compounds from a fluid stream, comprising the steps of: in an extraction column with an outer steel tube and an inner tube of corrosion resistant material having an open inlet end and an open outlet end and being arranged coaxially with and spaced apart within at least top portion of the outer tube, introducing at elevated temperature at the inlet end of the inner tube the fluid stream and an extraction agent and effecting in the mixed stream of the fluid and extraction agent extraction of the corrosive compounds; introducing into an annular space between the walls of the outer and the inner tube a shell stream of a non-corrosive fluid, thereby absorbing in the shell stream amounts of the corrosive compounds diffusing through the wall of the inner tube; passing the shell stream to the bottom portion of the outer tube; cooling the mixed stream at the outlet end of the inner tube by introducing into the stream a cooling stream; passing the cooled stream to the bottom porti

Abstract: A method for the combined production of synthesis gas and electrical power including at least a step for the production of synthesis gas by combusting a second fuel stream with combustion air to flue gas and passing the flue gas in heat conducting relationship with steam reforming reactions of a hydrocarbon feedstock in a heat exchange reactor, and a step for the production of electrical power by combusting a first fuel stream with combustion air in a gas turbine combustion chamber to a flue gas and expanding the flue gas in a gas turbine; wherein the flue gas from one of the steps is used as combustion air in the other step.

Abstract: The process of this invention prepares a hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gas stream by passing a hydrocarbon feedstock mixed with steam to a tubular reaction with a thin layer of film of a steam reforming catalyst supported on the inner walls thereof; passing the effluent from the tubular reaction to a fixed bed steam reforming catalyst; and withdrawing from the fixed bed a hydrogen and carbon dioxide rich product gas, said tubular reactors being heated burning of fuel. Optionally, the feed to the tubular reactor herein designated the second tubular reactor, may be the effluent from a similar tubular reactor, herein designated the first tubular reactor in heat conducting relationship with hot flue gas from the second reactor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ammonia synthesis gas includes supplying a feedstock gas, optionally mixed with a flue gas, to at least one pair of reforming reactors. Each reactor has a process and fuel side and a combustion side. Each pair of reactors is arranged in parallel on the process and fuel side, and in series on the combustion side. A flame temperature in each pair of reactors is controlled by supplying an excess of combustion air to a first reactor of the pair, and oxygen-depleted combustion air to a second reactor of the pair.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dimethyl ether. The process prepares fuel grade dimethyl ether from a hydrogen and carbon oxides synthesis gas.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an isobutane/isohexane containing product comprising passing an isopentane feed to a disproportion stage and disproportionating the isopentane feed in the presence of olefinic and/or higher branched paraffinic hydrocarbons by contact with an acid catalyst having an acidity of H.sub.o >8 at a temperature of between 0.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. and withdrawing an isobutane/isohexane containing product.

Abstract: Process for the purification of a hydrocarbon stream by removing contaminating compounds contained in the hydrocarbon stream by contact with a solid adsorbent material and withdrawing a purified hydrocarbon stream, the improvement of which comprises passing the hydrocarbon stream through a first zone of the adsorbent material having supported thereon a fluorinated sulphonic acid and subsequently through zone of the adsorbent material.

Abstract: A method for the removal of particulate matter contained in exhaust gas from a diesel fuelled engine. The exhaust gas stream is passed over a carrier having supported thereon one or more inorganic compounds which are in the form of a melt or subcooled melt, the particulate matter in the exhaust gas stream on the melt and/or subcooled melt is adsorbed, the combustibles in the adsorbed particulate matter are burned off, and an exhaust gas stream substantially free of particulate matter is withdrawn.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a hydrocarbon mixture being rich in middle distillate products with the boiling part range of 175.degree.-360.degree. C. by alkylation of a hydrocarbon feed stock with an olefinic alkylating agent, comprises the steps of contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock and an olefinic alkylating agent with a catalyst composition containing an acid selected from the group of fluorinated alkane sulphonic acids having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R'=F, Cl, Br, I, H, an alkyl or perfluoro alkyl group,R"=H, alkyl, aryl or a perfluoro alkoxy group, andrecovering a product stream of alkylated hydrocarbons and optionally recycling to the reactor lower isoalkanes being formed during the alkylation.

Abstract: A waste heat boiler for cooling a hot process stream includes a plurality of heat exchanging tubes within a cylindrical shell, an outlet chamber for withdrawing the cooled process stream, an insulated by-pass tube having an outlet end in the outlet chamber, and an injection nozzle in the outlet chamber for control of flow of the hot process stream through the by-bass tube by injection of a fluid into the by-pass tube outlet end.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of acetic acid product comprising, in a first catalytic step, conversion of a hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing synthesis gas to obtain a liquid process stream comprising methanol and, in a second catalytic step, carbonylation of the process stream with carbon monoxide to a product stream being rich in the acetic acid product in presence of catalytic effective amounts of a metal compound selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table promoted with a halide compound, the improvement comprising the further steps of:(i) withdrawing from the carbonylation step a vent gas stream comprising carbon monoxide and residual amounts of acetic acid and halide compound;(ii) separating the vent gas stream into a liquid fraction containing a part of the residual amounts of acetic acid and part of the halide compound and a gaseous fraction with the carbon monoxide and remaining amounts of acetic acid and halide compound;(iii) recycling the liquid fraction to the carbonylation step;(iv) subj

Abstract: Process for the preparation of hydrogen rich gas from a feed stock consisting of the dimethyl ether and steam, wherein the dimethyl ether is reacted with steam in presence of an ether hydration catalyst selected from the group of solid acids and a methanol decomposition catalyst being arranged in physical admixture in a fixed bed reactor.

Abstract: Process for generating power in a gas turbine cycle comprising an air compression stage, a fuel gas combustion stage and an expansion stage providing mechanical power in a rotating power generator, the improvement of which comprises recovering heat contained in exhaust gas from the expansion step by means of endothermic catalytic conversion of primary fuel comprising dimethylether and/or methanol with water to a gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and employing at least a part of the hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide comprising gas as fuel gas in the fuel gas combustion stage.