Abstract: A method for the in situ installation of catalyst modules in an off-gas channel includes arranging within the channel perpendicular to gas flow direction a fitting frame by mounting elongated panels on walls of the channel, mounting the frame a number of horizontal and vertical suspension panels with a horizontal and vertical interval corresponding to the horizontal and vertical length of a catalyst module, and suspending, in gas tight manner, the catalyst modules on the suspension panels.

Abstract: Preparation of fluorinated alkyl sulphonyl halides having the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.I.sub.f is fluorinated alkyl group and R.sup.II.sub.f is a fluorinated alkyl group or fluorine, X is a halogen atom, and Y is a proton, a halogen atom, or a fluorinated alkyl groups, by reaction of a corresponding fluorinated unsaturated hydrocarbon with sulphuryl halide, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least catalytic amounts of a fluoride in a solvent comprising compounds having one or more SO and/or SO.sub.2 groups incorporated in the compound structure.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of an acid in its anhydrous form from an aqueous solution containing the acid in its hydrated form. Adding to the solution a weak base in the form of a soluble salt of the acid and concentrating the solution containing the acid hydrate and the salt of the acid to a substantially water-free, acid-salt mixture. The acid is distilled off in its anhydrous form from the acid salt mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of acetic acid by catalytic conversion of a synthesis gas being rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprising steps of:(i) introducing a stream of the synthesis gas into a first reaction step at a predetermined pressure and temperature and reacting the synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst being active in formation of methanol and dehydration of methanol, so as to obtain a gaseous process phase containing methanol, dimethyl ether, and water;(ii) cooling the gaseous process phase of step (i) and obtaining a liquid phase with the methanol, dimethyl ether and water and a gaseous phase comprising carbon dioxide and residual amounts of dimethyl ether;(iii) introducing the liquid phase formed in step (ii) into a second reaction step at a predetermined pressure and temperature and adding a predetermined amount of carbon monoxide; and(iv) carbonylating methanol and dimethyl ether in the liquid phase with carbon monoxide by contact with a catalyst being active in the carbonylatio

Abstract: A process for generating electrical power in a gas turbine cycle including an air compression stage, first and second gas combustion stages, and a series of first and second gas expansion stages. Mechanical power is provided for the generation of electrical power in a rotating power generator. The first combustion stage is operated on hydrogen-depleted fuel gas at high pressure using air from the air compression stage. The hydrogen-depleted fuel gas is obtained by endothermic catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feed gas. Heat for the endothermic steam reforming is supplied by indirect heat exchange with heat from hot exhaust gas from the second expansion stage. The second combustion stage is operated at lower pressure than the first combustion stage on exhaust gas from the first expansion stage and the hydrogen-enriched gas separated form the hydrogen depleted gas. The hydrogen-enriched gas is separated from the hydrogen-depleted fuel gas during the catalytic steam reforming of the feed gas.

Abstract: Process for the generation of electrical energy in an internal reforming high temperature fuel cell, comprising steam and/or carbon dioxide reforming of a hydrocarbon feed gas in contact with a catalyst having activity in the steam reforming of the carbonaceous gas to fuel cell fuel gas and being arranged within the fuel cell in heat conducting relationship with electrochemical reactions proceeding in the cell; andelectrochemically reacting the fuel gas in an anode compartment of the cell for the generation of electric energy, wherein the steam reforming activity of the catalyst has been reduced by including one or more salts of metals selected from Group IA, IB, IIA, IVA and VA of the Periodic Table in the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing electrical energy in an internal reforming, high-temperature fuel cell. Steam reforming of a carbonaceous feed gas takes place in the presence of a steam-reforming catalyst in heat-conducting relationship with electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell. The steam reformed feed gas is electrochemically reacted in an anode compartment of the fuel cell. The process is improved by controlled addition of a gaseous, sulfur-containing compound to the carbonaceous feed gas in an amount sufficient to obtain a sulfur coverage on the steam reforming catalyst of between 0.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A distributor for supplying a mixed phase flow of gas-liquid feed uniformly on the surface of a trickle-bed of solid particles, including a tray horizontally arranged above the surface of the trickle-bed. The tray is equipped with a plurality of open-ended tubular distributor downcomers of a predetermined tube diameter and extend vertically for a certain height above and below the tray. The downcomers are adapted to provide passage for liquid flow through horizontal aperture in the tube wall of the downcomers and to provide passage for gas flow through the open ends of the downcomers. The apertures are disposed in the tube walls at various elevations above the tray with a predetermined minimum elevation for maintaining a liquid level on the tray.

Abstract: Improved process for the supported liquid phase alkylation of an aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a fluorinated sulphonic acid catalyst with an olefinic alkylating agent in a reactor containing a fixed bed of particular polar contact material, wherein a reaction zone with the fluorinated sulphonic acid catalyst is moveable established by absorbing the acid catalyst within a confined area of the contact material and passing a process stream of the aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstock and the olefinic alkylating agent through the reactor and the reaction zone, and withdrawing an alkylated product stream from the reactor, wherein the improvement comprises introduction of the fluorinated sulphonic acid alkylation catalyst into the reactor dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent comprises C.sub.3 -C.sub.9 hydrocarbons and adsorption of the acid catalyst in the solution of the hydrocarbon solvent on the contact material at inlet end of the reactor.

Abstract: A process for base hydrolysis of a fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride by treatment of the fluoride with at least one mole equivalent of water in a basic solvent for a sufficient time to obtain a salt of a corresponding fluorinated sulphonic acid with the basic solvent and separating the obtained salt from the solution, wherein the basic solvent is selected from the group of tertiary amines.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a fluorinated sulphonic acid compound by hydrolysis of a corresponding fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride, wherein the hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine, comprising steps of recovering a mixture of a salt of hydrolysed fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride with the tertiary amine and an ammonium fluoride salt of the tertiary amine;reacting the salt mixture with a sulphonyl compound of the general formula R--SO.sub.2 X, whereinR=an alkyl group, Cl, F;andX=Br, Clthereby exchanging fluoride of the ammonium fluoride salt in the mixture with the X atom of the sulphonyl compound and converting the sulphonyl compound to a sulphonyl fluoride; anddistilling off the sulphonyl fluoride from the reacted salt mixture.

Abstract: A method to provide a glass tube with an internal glass spiral being formed from a straight glass rod and fastened to the internal wall of the glass tube by merging the glass rod with the glass wall in the line of contact between the glass wall and the spiral wherein the glass rod is conducted into the glass tube through a guiding tube placed inside the glass tube at a velocity v.sub.1 relative to the guiding tube, the guiding tube being provided with a heating zone at its front end inside the glass tube, the glass rod being heated to its softening point in the heating zone before leaving the guiding tube through a mouth piece, at the same time the glass tube and/or the guiding tube being rotated at a frequency n, and the glass tube being moved at a velocity v.sub.2 relative to the guiding tube.

Abstract: Ion selective ceramic membrane with high proton conductivity, which membrane is formed of lanthanide phosphate being doped with one or more metals Me from Group IIA of the Periodic Table and having a composition:Ln.sub.1-x Me.sub.x PO.sub.4whereinLn is lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium and/or gadolinium; and0<x.ltoreq.0.5.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide rich gases by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock, the process comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock and steam with a catalyst comprising nickel as a main catalytic component, a refractory carrier material for the nickel, and at least one catalytic element for the steam reforming of the hydrocarbon feedstock, the element being selected from the group consisting of germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

Abstract: Process for the high temperature steam reforming of hydrocarbons in the presence of a steam reforming catalyst arranged as fixed bed in a reforming reactor, wherein the catalyst bed comprises at least an upper and a lower layer, the upper layer being provided with catalyst particles having reduced activity in the steam reforming of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Process for the dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising steps of contacting the feed stream with a dehydrogenation catalyst in at least one dehydrogenation zone and reacting the feed stream to a hydrogen containing effluent stream;admixing to the effluent stream an oxygen containing atmosphere in at least one mixing zone;removing hydrogen from the effluent stream by reaction with oxygen in the oxygen containing atmosphere by contact with a hydrogen oxidation catalyst in at least one hydrogen removing zone,the improvement of which comprises employing massive forms of noble metals or alloys thereof as catalyst in the hydrogen removal zone.

Abstract: Process for catalytical steam reforming of a nitrogen containing carbonaceous feedstock with reduced formation of ammonia, wherein the feedstock is contacted with a supported nickel catalyst further including copper in an amount of 0.01-10% by weight calculated on the amount of nickel in the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the alkylation of a hydrocarbon feedstock with an olefinic alkylating agent comprising the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock and the olefinic alkylating agent with a fluorinated alkoxy alkane sulphonic acid catalyst for a sufficient time and recovering a product stream of alkylated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Swirling-flow burner with improved design comprising U-shaped oxidizer and fuel gas injectors arranged coaxially at the burner face. The burner is further equipped with a bluff-body with static swirler blades extending inside the oxidizer injector.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of carbon monoxide rich gas comprising reacting a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a conversion catalyst to carbon monoxide rich gas, which process further comprises reacting part of the carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the gas feed exothermically to methane simultaneously with the carbon monoxide producing reaction and carrying out both reactions under adiabatic conditions, so that the exothermical methane producing reaction provides necessary heat for the endothermic carbon monoxide producing reaction.