Abstract: A catalyst system comprises a gold catalyst capable of oxidizing CO; a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst; and a hydrocarbon adsorbing material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation and recovery of non-ferrous metals from zinc-bearing residues, in particular from residues produced by the zinc manufacturing industry. The process comprises the steps of: —subjecting the residue to a flash or agitated bath fuming step, thereby producing an Fe bearing slag and Zn- and Pb-bearing fumes; and —extracting the Zn- and Pb-bearing fumes and valorising Zn and Pb; characterised in that CaO, SiO2 and MgO are added as a flux before or during the fuming step so as to obtain a final slag composition with: formula (I) all concentrations being expressed in wt %. The invention also relates to a single-chamber reactor for Zn-fuming equipped with one or more submerged plasma torches as heat and gas sources. [ Fe ] [ SiO 2 ] + [ CaO ] [ SiO 2 ] + [ MgO ] 3 > 3.5 ; 0.1 < [ CaO ] [ SiO 2 ] < 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the coating of a catalyst support with a catalytically active coat using a coating dispersion, the catalyst support containing at least two partial structures which differ in their absorptivity for the coating dispersion. The process is characterized in that the absorptivity of the partial structures is modified relative to one another by precoating of the catalyst support with a material which can be burnt out or with liquid, and the catalytic coat is then applied to the filter body in a known manner, dried and/or calcined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operated under lean conditions. It is proposed that a thinwalled, porous carrier be coated on one side with a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst and on the other side with an SCR catalyst. When the exhaust gas is passed through the catalytic coatings and the support material, a significant improvement in the nitrogen oxide conversion is achieved compared to a series arrangement of the catalysts on separate carriers. Wall flow filters have been found to be useful as thin-walled carriers.

Abstract: An active material for high-voltage negative electrodes (>1V vs. Li) of secondary rechargeable lithium batteries is disclosed. Chemical composition is represented by the general formula Li2+vTi3?WFeXMyM?ZO7??, where M and M? are metal ions having an ionic radius between 0.5 and 0.8 A and forming an octahedral structure with oxygen, like Ti3+, Co2+, Co3+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Al3+, In3+, Sn4+, Sb3+, Sb5+, ? is related to the formal oxidation numbers n and n? of M and M? by the relation 2?=v+4w?3x?ny?n?z and the ranges of values are ?0.5?V?0.5, 0?w?0.2, x>0, y+z>0 and x+y+z?0.7. The structure is related to that of ramsdellite for all the compositions. The negative active material is prepared by ceramics process wherein lithium oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, M and/or M? oxide are used as starting material for synthesis. Inorganic or organic solid precursors of the oxides can also be used instead. After reactant dispersion the mixture is fired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carbon-supported PtRu anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) which has a platinum/ruthenium content in the range from 80 to 98 wt. %, preferably in the range from 85 to 98 wt. %, particularly preferably in the range from 85 to 95 wt. % (based on the total weight of the catalyst), on a carbon-based electrically conductive support material and has a mean particle size of less than 3 nm. The catalyst is prepared using a carbon black support material having a specific surface area (measured by the BET method) in the range from 1000 to 2000 m2/g by means of a reduction process using chemical reducing agents with addition of organic acids. Electrodes and membrane-electrode units containing the catalyst according to the invention having a high precious metal loading have an electrode layer thickness of less than 80 ?m at a PtRu loading per unit area of the electrode of from 6 to 12 mg of PtRu/cm2 and lead to improved electric power in direct methanol fuel cells.

Abstract: The invention describes the production of a wire from copper or from a copper alloy in a continuous method, starting from an alloy block which is extruded in an extrusion press into a raw wire and is drawn, without interruption, to the finished dimension in a drawing apparatus.

Abstract: In automotive exhaust gas catalysts with a metallic honeycomb composed of corrugated and smooth sheet layers, it is known that the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the honeycomb can be reduced by perforations in the sheet layers. As a result, the honeycomb heats up more rapidly and the catalytic coating applied on the honeycomb reaches its operating temperature more rapidly. A disadvantage here is the reduction in the support surface area by the perforations in the sheet layers. According to the invention, suitable adjustment of the properties of the coating suspension used for the catalytic coating and of the dimensions of the holes relative to one another allows the holes to be filled permanently with catalyst material. The resulting catalyst has, at the same coating concentration as a catalyst with unperforated sheet layers, a significantly reduced heat capacity and thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system can include a reformer a fuel source disposed upstream of and in fluid communication with the reformer, and a NOx adsorber disposed downstream of and in fluid communication with the reformer. The NOx adsorber can include a NOx adsorber catalyst having an acid adsorber disposed on the substrate and a base adsorber disposed over the acid adsorber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a material based on silver-carbon, that involves the steps of: (i) providing a suspension of carbon particles; and (ii) supplying a solution of a silver compound and of a reducing agent, such that a silver-containing precipitate is deposited onto the carbon particles, where the carbon particles have a mean diameter of 200 nm or greater. The invention further relates to a material obtainable by this process and to the use of the material in circuit breakers for low-voltage power engineering.

Abstract: An ink is disclosed for producing membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells which contains a catalyst material, an ionomer, water and an organic solvent. The ink is characterized in that the organic solvent is at least one compound from the group of linear dialcohols with a flash point higher than 100° C. and is present in the ink in a concentration between 1 and 50 wt. %, with respect to the weight of water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of operating a catalyst for treating the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the catalyst comprising, in addition to catalytically active noble metals, also storage components for storing hydrocarbons. During engine operating phases at low exhaust-gas temperatures, such a catalyst stores the hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas without burning them. When the exhaust-gas temperature rises, these hydrocarbons are desorbed again and then oxidized at the catalytically active noble metals. This process can lead to uncontrolled, vigorous combustion of the hydrocarbons stored on the catalyst and, therefore, damage to the catalyst. According to the invention, this damage is avoided by continuously calculating the respective loading of the storage components with hydrocarbons and repeatedly regenerating the storage components depending on the loading by temporarily raising the exhaust-gas temperature before damage to the catalyst can occur.

Abstract: When a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst is being regenerated, the regeneration may be terminated for example as a result of a premature load change in the engine, which can lead to incomplete emptying of the storage catalyst. The residual filling level which remains in the catalyst following an incomplete regeneration of this nature is used as the starting value for calculation of the filling level during the next storage phase. After incomplete regeneration, the nitrogen oxide conversion rate is initially greater than would be expected, on account of the residual filling level. By taking this increased conversion rate into account when calculating the filling level during the storage phase, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of the calculation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacture of supported noble metal based alloy catalysts with a high degree of alloying and a small crystallite size. The method is based on the use of polyol solvents as reaction medium and comprises of a two-step reduction process in the presence of a support material. In the first step, the first metal (M1=transition metal; e.g. Co, Cr, Ru) is activated by increasing the reaction temperature to 80 to 160° C. In the second step, the second metal (M2=noble metal; e.g. Pt, Pd, Au and mixtures thereof) is added and the slurry is heated to the boiling point of the polyol solvent in a range of 160 to 300° C. Due to this two-step method, an uniform reduction occurs, resulting in noble metal based catalysts with a high degree of alloying and a small crystallite size of less than 3 nm. Due to the high degree of alloying, the lattice constants are lowered.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recycling fuel cell components containing fluorine-containing and precious metal-containing constituents: in this process, the fluorine-containing constituents are separated off from the precious metal-containing constituents by treatment with a medium present in the supercritical state. Preference is given to using water as supercritical medium. After the fluorine-containing constituents have been separated off, the precious metal-containing residues can be recovered in a recycling process without harmful fluorine or hydrogen fluoride emissions. The fluorine-containing constituents can likewise be recovered. The process is used in the recovery of precious metals and/or fluorine-containing constituents from membrane fuel cells, electrolysis cells, batteries, sensors and other electrochemical devices.

Abstract: Soot filters for removing soot from the exhaust gas of lean-burn engines become blocked with progressive operating duration on account of the deposition of soot, and must therefore be regenerated at regular intervals. It has been found that reliable operation of the soot filter is possible only if an active regeneration is carried out from time to time by increasing the exhaust-gas temperature to the soot ignition temperature. For this purpose, an oxidation catalytic converter is usually arranged upstream of the soot filter, and the exhaust-gas temperature is increased by means of the catalytic combustion of additionally injected fuel. Here, the oxidation catalytic converter is subjected to high temperature loading and therefore ages very quickly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons for generating a gas that is rich in hydrogen, to the use of said apparatus and to a process for generating hydrogen. The apparatus comprises a reforming catalyst (5), as well as a means (8) for supplying hydrocarbons to the catalyst. The reforming catalyst is arranged in an exhaust pipe (3) through which the exhaust gases of combustion processes are passed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of high purity germanium for the manufacture of e.g. infra red optics, radiation detectors and electronic devices. GeCl4 is converted to Ge metal by contacting gaseous GeCl4 with a liquid metal M containing one of Zn, Na and Mg, thereby obtaining a Ge-bearing alloy and a metal M chloride, which is removed by evaporation or skimming. The Ge-bearing alloy is then purified at a temperature above the boiling point of metal M. This process does not require complicated technologies and preserves the high purity of the GeCl4 in the final Ge metal, as the only reactant is metal M, which can be obtained in very high purity grades and continuously recycled.

Abstract: Methods of manufacture and use of phosphates of transition metals are described as positive electrodes for secondary lithium batteries, including a process for the production of LiMPO4 with controlled size and morphology, M being FexCoyNizMnw, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1, 0?w?1, and x+y+z+w=1. According to an exemplary embodiment, a process is described for the manufacture of LiFePO4 including the steps of providing an equimolar aqueous solution of Li1+, Fe3+ and PO43?, evaporating water from the solution to produce a solid mixture, decomposing the solid mixture at a temperature of below 500° C. to form a pure homogeneous Li and Fe phosphate precursor, and annealing the precursor at a temperature of less than 800° C. in a reducing atmosphere to produce the LiFePO4 powder. The obtained powders can have a particle size of less than 1 ?m, and can provide superior electrochemical performance when mixed for an appropriate time with an electrically conductive powder.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a compound in the form of a transition metal compound including a transition metal, a phosphorus containing ligand, and a cyclic organic ligand. The phosphorus containing ligand is a heterocyclic organic compound with a ligating phosphorus atom which ligates with the transition metal, and which ligating phosphorus atom is an atom in the heterocyclic ring structure of the heterocyclic organic compound. The cyclic organic ligand is a cyclic organic compound with a ligating carbon atom in the cyclic ring structure of the cyclic organic compound which ligates with the transition metal by means of a double bound. The invention also relates to a method preparing such a compound and a metathesis reaction wherein such a compound is used as a catalyst.