Abstract: A synergistic mixture of an alkynyl cycloalkanol and an N,N'-dicycloalkyl-thiourea is used as an inhibitor in protecting metals from acid attack when cleaning said metals with an acid solution.

Abstract: A heat exchange method and flow control system for a hydrocarbon conversion process having two reactors in series which allows efficient heat recovery and effective process control under widely varying process conditions. The hydrocarbon feed stream is divided into three streams. In the preferred embodiment, the first stream is not heat exchanged and is controlled along with the preheater heat supply by a split range controller activated in response to the temperature of the stream entering the first reactor. The second stream is heat exchanged with the effluent of the first reactor and flows at a rate controlled by its temperature after this heat exchange. The third stream is heat exchanged with the effluent of the second reactor and flows at a rate such that the total of all three streams is the desired capacity for the unit. A hydrogen recycle stream is proportionally divided between the second and third streams by a ratio control means.

Abstract: Spheroidal alumina particles of improved physical stability are prepared in greater yield by aging an alumina hydrosol-hexamethylene-tetramine mixture prior to dispersing the same as droplets in a hot oil bath with the formation of spheroidal hydrogel particles.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid extraction process utilizing a tower having perforated contacting trays. The discontinuous flow of the denser downward moving stream prevents the backmixing of this stream on the contacting trays and increases the efficiency of the extraction.

Abstract: A composition which will inhibit the formation of rust on the surface of a metal consists of a mixture of an organic acid, an N-alkyl- or cycloalkyl-substituted ethanolamine, at least one emulsifying agent and water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which comprises the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds by treating said sulfur-containing compounds with an oxygen-containing gas in a medium possessing a pH in a range of from about a pH of 8 to a pH of about 14 in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIIB metal phthalocyanine and a Group VIII metal phthalocyanine.

Abstract: A novel antioxidant utilized in a petroleum substrate comprising mono- or di(heterocyclic nitrogen)-substituted diarylalkanes is disclosed.

Abstract: Continuous operation and a high rate of conversion are obtained in a normal paraffin dehydrogenation process through the use of a moving bed non-fluidized reaction zone operated at a subatmospheric pressure. Quantities of catalyst are periodically removed from the reaction zone, passed through regeneration and reducing zones operated at superatmospheric pressures and returned to the top of a reaction zone.

Abstract: Small representative samples of catalyst are removed from a fixed bed reactor through a withdrawal conduit and transferred into a sample receiver held at a lower pressure by quickly unsealing the withdrawal conduit and causing a small and sudden gas flow which fluidizes catalyst and lifts it into the withdrawal conduit, through which it falls by the action of gravity.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the treatment of a petroleum charge stock which comprises the treatment of said petroleum charge stock with an aqueous solution containing a metal phthalocyanine compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal sulfide and an alkali metal sulfite.

Abstract: A system for controlling the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mole ratio in a continuous hydrocarbon conversion process wherein the hydrocarbonaceous feed stock is catalytically reacted in a hydrogen atmosphere. Applicable to both hydrogen-consuming and hydrogen-producing processes, in which the reaction zone effluent is separated to provide a liquid product phase and a hydrogen-rich vaporous phase, a portion of the latter being recycled to the catalytic reaction zone, the control system affords improved overall operation of the particular process in addition to increased catalyst activity and stability. Analyzers are utilized to monitor composition characteristics of the charge stock and liquid product, and the hydrogen concentration of the vaporous phase recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them in a substantially sulfur-free environment at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic, sulfur-free trimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin or lead component, a nickel component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, tin or lead component, nickel component, and halogen component are present in the trimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin or lead, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Apparatus for pulsing the flow of the liquid between the trays of a distillation column with only a small change in liquid level. In the preferred embodiment, a dome-like capping plate is mounted over the upper end of a downcomer conduit and overlaps the portion of the downcomer which extends above the fractionation tray as a weir to form a sealed liquid passageway having the shape of an inverted U. A siphon which starts when liquid is pushed over the top of the weir is broken when the liquid level on the tray falls to the lower end of a U-shaped conduit communicating with the upper volume of the capping plate.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a gallium component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, gallium component, cobalt component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % gallium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of sulfur which comprises the oxidation of a sulfide solution in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal phthalocyanine compound to produce sulfur and a polysulfide effluent, decomposition of the polysulfide effluent with steam at a temperature of from about 115.degree. to about 125.degree.C. and a pressure of 10 psig, to about 20 psig. to produce a vaporous phase effluent containing water, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, the oxidation of at least a portion of the vaporous effluent with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal phthalocyanine compound dispersed on a solid support, said catalyst being in contact with a liquid phase comprising a thiosulfate-containing compound, at a temperature of from about 115.degree. to about 125.degree.C. and a pressure of from about 10 psig. to about 20 psig. to produce steam, sulfur and a thiosulfate compound and the recovery of the resultant sulfur.

Abstract: A wood veneer laminate form of heating panel incorporates an internal layer of a semiconductive carbonaceous pyropolymer, consisting of carbon and hydrogen on a high surface area refractory inorganic oxide support, to provide electrical resistance radiant heating. The carbonaceous pyropolymer in powder form can be incorporated with the glue line between veneer or core stock layers or mixed with a resin to be impregnated into a glass-cloth, or other support material, to form a conductive prepreg sheet which can be placed between wood veneer layers.

Abstract: A device for loading catalyst particles into a reaction zone which distributes said particles, at substantially the same rate, uniformly across the catalyst bed area of said zone. The catalyst particle loading device is employed in combination with a catalytic reaction zone. The catalyst particle loading device comprises a hopper having a conical bottom portion provided with an opening at its lower end. The opening is in communication with a catalytic reaction zone. A vertically movable hollow sleeve is coaxially disposed within the hopper. The sleeve has a lower conical end portion which forms with the conical bottom portion of the hopper a throttle valve for the opening. A rotary shaft is coaxially disposed within the sleeve and extends through the opening at the lower end of the hopper and into the upper portion of the reaction zone. A particle-dispersion wheel is attached to the lower end of the shaft below the opening.

Abstract: Maximum removal of asphaltic material, including high molecular weight metallic contaminants, from a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock is achieved through the utilization of a solvent extraction zone provided with direct heating facilities in an upper portion thereof. A portion of the solvent-rich hydrocarbon phase is withdrawn from the extraction zone, increased in temperature and introduced into an asphalt settling zone. The separated solvent/hydrocarbon stream, substantially asphalt-free, is reintroduced into the extraction zone at the higher temperature.

Abstract: A method of preparing spheroidal refractory inorganic oxide particles characterized by low bulk density in combination with high micropore volume is disclosed. The particles, especially low bulk density - high micropore volume alumina particles, are useful as a support or carrier material for catalytically active materials to yield an improved hydrocarbon conversion catalyst.

Abstract: A control system for regulating the reaction zone temperature in a process for the acid-catalyzed alkylation of an isoparaffin with a mixed olefinic feed stream. Composition characteristics of the liquid alkylate product and the olefinic feed stream are determined, and representative output signals transmitted to computer/comparator means which generates a computer output signal in response to, and as a function thereof. The computer output signal is employed to adjust the reaction zone temperature, for a given olefinic feed composition, in order to maximize the octane rating of the liquid alkylate product. The control system effects rapid compensation for feed composition changes which would otherwise adversely affect the product octane rating.