Abstract: A dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is dehydrogenated by contacting the hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and water or a water-producing substance, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a nonacidic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group metal component, a nickel component, a Group IVA metallic component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic, multimetallic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum metal component, a nickel component, a germanium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with an alumina carrier material. The amounts of the catalytically active components contained in this last composite are, on an elemental basis, 0.01 to 2 wt. % platinum, 0.01 to 5 wt. % nickel, 0.01 to 5 wt. % germanium, and 0.1 to 5 wt. % of the alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Alumina containing a platinum group metal is treated in contact with a Friedel Crafts metal halide, and in contact with a polyhalo compound, such as carbon tetrachloride, to produce an improved hydrocarbon conversion catalyst.

Abstract: Maximum conversion of heavy distillates to LPG is achieved through a combination process involving two stage hydrocracking.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted with a catalyst comprising an alumina-silica support, a Group VIII metallic component, a Group VI-B metallic component and a fluoride. Key feature of the process involves the preparation of the catalyst by initially impregnating the alumina-silica support with the Group VI-B and the Group VIII metallic components and by subsequently impregnating the previously impregnated composite with fluoride.

Abstract: Vulcanizable rubber formulations will contain compounds comprising substituted thioformamidines as exemplified by N,N'-diphenyl-N-cyclohexylthioformamidine to inhibit the premature vulcanization thereof.

Abstract: Isomerizable alkylaromatic hydrocarbons are isomerized using a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a platinum or palladium component, an iridium component, a germanium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrocarbonaceous materials which comprises reacting waste materials with a microorganism to produce organic products and treating the resultant organic products with a catalyst comprising a decarboxylation catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: Double bond isomerization of olefins utilizing a catalyst comprising cobalt and sulfur on a porous carrier; the catalyst being prepared by forming an initial composite of the cobalt with the carrier material, sulfiding the initial composite to provide a sulfur/cobalt atomic ratio of at least about 1 in the sulfided composite, and then stripping sufficient sulfur from the sulfided composite with hydrogen to provide a final isomerization catalyst composition having a sulfur/cobalt atomic ratio of less than about 1 and more than about 0.55.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite of a porous carrier material, a platinum or palladium component, an iridium component and a germanium component, in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. A specific example of one such catalyst is a composite of a crystalline aluminosilicate, a platinum component, an iridium component and a germanium component, for utilization in a hydrocracking process. Other hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are directed toward the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, desulfurization, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite, comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a rhenium component, a tin component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, rhenium component, tin component, cobalt component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A trimetallic acidic catalytic composite, comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a germanium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material, is disclosed. The principal utility of this composite is in the conversion of hydrocarbons, particularly in the reforming of a gasoline fraction. A specific example of the disclosed catalytic composite is a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum component, a rhodium component, a germanium component, and a chloride component with an alumina carrier material.

Abstract: Foamed structures such as those formed of rigid polyurethane can be easily reinforced by a plurality of layers of reinforcement material spaced relatively uniformly throughout their thickness by coating or covering the layers of reinforcement material with absorbent material such as paper, stacking the layers at the bottom of a mold, adding the liquid resin, and curing the resin after it has had sufficient time to wet the absorbent layers. As the resin on the absorbent layers foams, the layers of reinforcement will be simultaneously lifted and spaced from each other to provide uniform reinforcement without the need for special molds or the labor usually required to position spaced layers of reinforcement.

Abstract: A process for effecting the desulfurization of asphaltene-containing black oil. The process utilizes a catalyst which comprises a composite of an alumina carrier material combined with one or more sulfided metallic components from Group VI-B and Group VIII wherein the catalyst particle density is within the range of from about 1.05 to about 1.24 grams per cubic centimeter. The use of the indicated catalyst particle density imparts additional desulfurization activity to the catalyst.

Abstract: A solid adsorbent useful for the separation of para-xylene from a mixture of C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons. The adsorbent is prepared by the steps of: ion-exchanging a precursor mass containing type X or type Y zeolite and amorphous material with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to effect the addition of sodium cations to the zeolite structure, ionexchanging the sodium-exchanged mass to effect the essentially complete exchange of sodium cations, and drying the resulting material at conditions to reduce the LOI at 900.degree. C. to less than about 10 wt. %. The sodium cations can be essentially completely exchanged with barium and potassium cations in a weight ratio of from about 1.5 to 200 or with barium alone. I have found that the sodium hydroxide exchange step produces an adsorbent that has faster adsorption-desorption rates for the desired para-xylene isomer and permits a suitable adsorbent to be produced which contains barium cations alone.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin component, a cobalt component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, tin component, cobalt component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: HF-containing vent gases, relief gases, CBM and polymers discharged from the alkylation zone of an HF alkylation process are contacted with water. Hydrogen fluoride is absorbed within the water, reacted with olefins, converted to organic fluorides and returned to the alkylation zone of the process. HF leaving the alkylation process in vent gases, relief gases, CBM and polymers is thereby recovered.

Abstract: Insertion of about one-half of a small diameter distillation column through the bottom of a larger diameter column permits the fractionation of a feed stream fed to the small column into three distinct high purity streams within one vessel. An annular space between the two columns functions as a stripping section which produces a pure stream of intermediate boiling range material. Open communication between the columns at the top of the small column eliminates the requirement of having a separate reflux system for the small column.

Abstract: A processing system which can provide a continuous assembly-line procedure for placing a catalytic coating on ceramic honeycomb type members embodies the use of a plurality of pressure tight chambers such that each ceramic member can be vacuum treated and then rapidly coated, as well as pressure treated and air blown to effect rapid coating fluid removal and partial drying. After each coating operation, there is controlled drying and high temperature curing. Also, in a preferred controlled system, there is a weighing of each element before and after each coating step to determine an amount of coating retained for comparison with a predetermined standard.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, an indium component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, indium component, cobalt component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % indium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A compact cylindrical-form or ball-shaped exhaust gas converter is provided with a hemispherical-form inlet end housing section to provide a gas expansion space around a perforated interior partition which, in turn, is maintained a spaced distance from such housing section to extend from the gas inlet port to a zone adjacent the upstream end of the centrally positioned catalyst retaining section. This special gas inlet construction serves as a gas pressure amplitude modulator to average or dampen pulsations in the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine so as to substantially eliminate damage to the catalyst being maintained in the converter.