Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of substituted aromatic compounds which comprises the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with a compound containing an aldehyde functional group and a saturated hydrocarbon containing a tertiary carbon atom, or which is isomerized to form a saturated hydrocarbon containing a tertiary carbon atom during the reaction, in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.

Abstract: A process which comprises treating unsaturated compounds with an aluminum-containing compound and an aluminum metal in an atmosphere of hydrogen and subsequently contacting the treated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound containing a metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table and recovering the resultant primary compounds.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a germanium component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, germanium component, cobalt component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % germanium, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Byproduct or waste gases, containing hydrogen fluoride, from an HF-catalyzed hydrocarbon alkylation process are contacted with a stream of liquid hydrocarbon essentially free from hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride from the waste gases is absorbed within the liquid hydrocarbon and is returned to the process therewith. Resulting waste gases are of reduced hydrogen fluoride content, and the loss of hydrogen fluoride upon disposal of these gases is thereby reduced.

Abstract: Asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous black oils are subjected to conversion conditions in a two-stage process. The physical characteristics of the catalytic composite disposed within the individual stages, or reaction zones, are different. This difference in physical characteristics is directed toward macropore volume, and is maintained whether the chemical composition is the same, or varies.

Abstract: Flavor modifying compositions which alter or enhance naturally occurring substances are prepared by reacting a sulfur-containing compound with an alpha-hydroxy- or an alpha,beta-epoxy-substituted carbonyl compound.

Abstract: A metal catalyst carrier wherein a plurality of interlaced woven round wire catalyst supports are packed in multiple layers, each layer being formed of wire which is of an interwoven loop construction, such layers being held between heat resistant support screens, and being maintained in an S-arrangement configuration.

Abstract: A process for converting a hydrocarbon charge stock into lower boiling, normally liquid hydrocarbon products which comprises reacting said charge stock and hydrogen at hydrocracking conditions in contact with a catalyst comprising an alumina-crystalline aluminosilicate composite, a Group VIB metal component and a Group VIII metal component. The catalyst is characterized by a method of preparation.

Abstract: In prior art HF alkylation processes, an HR regenerator overhead vapor stream is processed in various ways including combining it with overhead vapor streams of an isoparaffin stripper or an HF stripper, or condensing, settling, and pumping it in a regenerator overhead system to an HF alkylation reaction zone. In the present HF alkylation system comprising a reaction and settling zone, an acid regeneration zone, and a products fractionation zone including an isoparaffin stripper from which a side-cut recycle stream containing principally isoparaffin is withdrawn, an improvement is made by taking overhead vapor from the regenerator and introducing the vapor directly into the isoparaffin stripper at a locus above that at which the side-cut recycle stream is withdrawn.

Abstract: A metal bar with a metal felt covering on each side or therearound and sized externally to be a snug slip fit into slot means provided in a conductive surface monolithic refractory ceramic heater element provide for a convenient and desirable means for distributing current to the conductive surface of the element. As the felt covered electrode means heats up with electric current input to the element and under heat generating conditions, there will be a still tighter bond between the metal felt surfaces of the electrode and the slotted opening in the ceramic element to result in the desired tight contact and an efficient current distribution therefrom.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a rhenium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium component, rhodium component, rhenium component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon isomerization catalyst composition, comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, an iridium component, a germanium component, a halogen component and a Friedel-Crafts metal halide component combined with a refractory inorganic oxide is disclosed. A specific example of the disclosed catalytic composition is a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum component, an iridium component, a germanium component, a chloride component and an aluminum chloride component with an alumina carrier material, effective in isomerizing a pentane-hexane hydrocarbon fraction or in isomerizing non-equilibrium mixtures of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite of a porous carrier material, a Group VI-B metal and a Group VIII metal in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. A specific example of one such catalyst is a composite of alumina, a molybdenum component and a cobalt component for utilization in a hydrodesulfurization process. Other hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are directed toward the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, hydrocracking, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: Height adjustment mechanism for a suspended vehicle seat permits the seat height to be adjusted relative to its supporting frame after the seat has been adjusted for the weight of the occupant. A plate (movable with the suspension) having notches or teeth on one edge is adjustably locked relative to a channel (movable with the seat) in which it can slide by a handle actuated pivoted latch member.

Abstract: A startup procedure for an alkylation process in which a stream of an olefinic material is mixed with an acid stream and polymerized to cause formation of a polymeric diluent for the high strength acid which is initially charged to the alkylation process. This quickly lowers the strength of the acid, which results in an improved alkylate quality, during the initial period of operation in which the prior art relies on the relatively slow natural buildup of alkylation reaction by-products as a diluent.

Abstract: Non-ionic biodegradable detergents comprising n-alkyl-substituted hydroxypolyalkoxymethylcyclohexenes may be prepared by condensing butadiene with allyl alcohol, thereafter ring alkylating the resultant hydroxymethylcyclohexene with an olefin in the presence of a free-radical generating compound to form an alkyl-substituted hydroxymethylcyclohexene and alkoxylating this compound to form the desired product.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises in combination and particular arrangement a spent-catalyst receiving chamber for containing a dense-bed of fluidized catalyst in which chamber spent catalyst is oxidized to produce regenerated catalyst and partially spent regeneration gas; a transfer conduit through which said gas and said catalyst pass and in which carbon monoxide is essentially completely converted to carbon dioxide to produce spent regeneration gas and regenerated catalyst at an increased temperature; a regenerated-catalyst receiving chamber for containing a dense-bed of regenerated catalyst and in which spent regeneration gas and regenerated catalyst are separated; and, a regenerated-catalyst recycle means by which hot regenerated catalyst can be recycled within the apparatus from the regenerated-catalyst receiving chamber to the spent-catalyst receiving chamber in amounts to control the temperature and hence the rate of coke oxidation in the spent-catalyst receiving chamber.

Abstract: Non-ionic biodegradable detergents as exemplified by n-alkyl-substituted hydroxypolyalkoxymethylcyclohexanes may be prepared by condensing butadiene with allyl alcohol, selectively hydrogenating the resulting compound to form hydroxymethylcyclohexane, ring alkylating said substituted cyclohexane with an olefin in the presence of a free-radical generating compound to form an alkyl-substituted hydroxymethylcyclohexane and thereafter alkoxylating this compound to form the desired product.

Abstract: Composite semipermeable membranes are made by reacting a film-forming polymer with a cross-linking monomer to form a polymeric ultrathin film having semipermeable properties. During the formation, a grafting reaction is carried out at reactive sites so there are few remaining active sites where oxidizing attack or fouling can potentially occur. One composite membrane comprises a microporous substrate and an ultrathin polyamide film formed of polyethylenimine cross-linked with a monomer, such as an acyl halide, a chloroformate, an isocyanate or a sulfonyl chloride. Grafted onto the cross-linked polyethylenimine at what would otherwise be secondary amido sites is an epoxide, an aldehyde, an anhydride or a reactive ethylene compound.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a bimetallic acidic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component and halogen component are present in the bimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen. The indium component is present in amounts corresponding to an atomic ratio of indium to platinum group metal of about 0.1:1 to about 1:1.