Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and compositions that can modulate formation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) complex, and methods for using the same. In particular, some aspects of the invention provide compounds of the formula: compositions comprising and methods for using the same, where n, Ar1, Ar2, X1, X2, X3, Z1, and Z2 are those defined herein.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are contemplated that inhibit N-acyl-ethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) to so increase the concentration of the substrate of NAAA, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). NAAA inhibition is contemplated to be effective to alleviate conditions associated with a reduced concentration of PEA. Among other uses, various NAAA inhibitors are especially contemplated as therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrode and an feedthrough for an implantable medical device. In one embodiment, the implantable electrode and the implantable feedthrough both comprise electrically insulating diamond material and electrically conductive diamond material that form an interface. Further, the present disclosure provides method for fabricating the implantable electrode and the feedthrough.

Abstract: An epitaxial structure is provided. The epitaxial structure includes a substrate, an first epitaxial layer, a second epitaxial layer, a first carbon nanotube layer and a second carbon nanotube layer. The first epitaxial layer is located on the substrate. The first carbon nanotube layer is located between the substrate and the first epitaxial layer. The second epitaxial layer is located on the first epitaxial layer. The second carbon nanotube layer is located between the first epitaxial layer and the second epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A set of biomarkers have been identified that allows one to predict subjects who will respond to an exercise regime in term of cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by maximal oxygen uptake. These predictions may be used, for example, to predict risk of cardiovascular disease, to design a more effective program for cardiac rehabilitation, to predict capacity for athletic performance or physically demanding occupation, and to predict ability to maintain functional capacity with aging using exercise.

Abstract: Provided is a gaming machine which does not bore the player through reel actions until completion of rearrangement of symbols. Under the condition where predetermined symbols are aligned on a payline when the symbols of a first scroll line of at least one of a plurality of scroll lines are being scrolled and symbols on the remaining second scroll lines are stopped, the gaming machine changes scrolling motion of symbols of the first scroll line.

Abstract: A method for using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to treat neurological structures to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. Depending on the dosage of HIFU applied, it can have a reversible or irreversible effect on neural structures. For example, a relatively high dose of HIFU can be used to permanently block nerve function, to provide a non-invasive alternative to severing a nerve to treat severe spasticity. Relatively lower doses of HIFU can be used to reversibly block nerve function, to alleviate pain, to achieve an anesthetic effect, or to achieve a cosmetic effect. Where sensory nerves are not necessary for voluntary function, but are involved in pain associated with tumors or bone cancer, HIFU can be used to non-invasively destroy such sensory nerves to alleviate pain without drugs. Preferably, ultrasound imaging synchronized to the HIFU therapy is used to provide real-time ultrasound image guided HIFU therapy of neural structures.

Abstract: A presence determination system comprising at least one motion sensor for detecting movement in a sensing area. The system is adapted to determine a plurality of properties associated with at least one movement detected by the at least one sensor preceding a period where no motion is detected by the at least one sensor. The plurality of properties of the movement(s) detected before the period where no movement is detected are compared with a profile in order to determine whether or not the sensing area is unoccupied. The profile may be representative of movement properties indicative of exiting a room.

Abstract: A syringe press includes a housing, a compressible member, and a compression mechanism. The housing includes a longitudinal axis, a first end and a second end. The housing is configured to support a syringe, which includes a cylinder configured to contain a fluid, and a piston having a seal configured to move within the cylinder, between the first and second ends. The compressible member is supported by the housing between the first end and the piston. The compression mechanism is supported by the housing and is configured to apply a compressive force to the piston, the cylinder and the compressible member, between the first and second ends and along the longitudinal axis. The piston is driven into the cylinder, and fluid is driven through an output of the cylinder responsive to the compressive force.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides aromatic-cationic peptide compositions and methods of using the same. The methods comprise use of the peptides in electron transport and electrical conductance.

Abstract: It is demonstrated that alpha synculein toxicity such as ?-synuclein mediated cell death, and alpha synuclein induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell requires proapoptotic endonuclease G and that the deletion of the endonuclease G or suppressing of the endonuclease G apoptotic pathway attenuates or counteracts such alpha synuclein toxicity. In view of these observations, compositions and methods for inhibition of ?-synuclein toxicity are provided. The inhibiting ?-synuclein toxicity can be used in methods for the treatment of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinsons disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), pure autonomic failure (PAF), and multiple system atroypy (MSA) and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: Provided are engineered meat products formed as a plurality of at least partially fused layers, wherein each layer comprises at least partially fused multicellular bodies comprising non-human myocytes and wherein the engineered meat is comestible. Also provided are multicellular bodies comprising a plurality of non-human myocytes that are adhered and/or cohered to one another; wherein the multicellular bodies are arranged adjacently on a nutrient-permeable support substrate and maintained in culture to allow the multicellular bodies to at least partially fuse to form a substantially planar layer for use in formation of engineered meat. Further described herein are methods of forming engineered meat utilizing said layers.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions and methods of extracting infectious pathogens from a volume of blood. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of creating a fibrin aggregate confining the pathogens and introducing a fibrin lysis reagent to expose the pathogens for analysis. The present invention also concerns materials and methods for removing aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) from a sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting an analyte are described. The apparatus includes at least one microchannel adapted for an analyte to adhere to an interior surface thereof, a mixing element positioned within at least a portion of the at least one microchannel, a light source for energizing quantum dots conjugated with the analyte within the at least one microchannel, and a detection system for detecting and quantifying fluorescent energy emitted by the quantum dots in one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, wherein each wavelength range being correlated to one and only one type of analyte.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for method for characterizing a height profile of a scattering surface relative to a fiducial plane. The scattering surface, which may be an interface between distinct solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma phases, is illuminated with substantially spatially coherent light, and light scattered by the scattering surface is collected and dispersed, such as by a grating, into zeroth- and first-order beams. A spatial Fourier transform of the zeroth- and first-order beams is created, and one of the beams is low-pass filtered. The beams are interfered at a focal plane detector to generate an interferogram, which is transformed to retrieve a spatially resolved quantitative phase image and/or an amplitude image of the scattering surface. Imaging may be performed during an etching process, and may be used to adaptively control a photoetching process in a feedback loop.

Abstract: To provide a gaming machine which holds a player's attention until symbols are rearranged by reel actions. The operation of the scroll of symbols of a first scroll line is changed under a condition that predetermined symbols are arranged on a pay line in a state where symbols of at least one first scroll line among a plurality of scroll lines are scrolled and symbols of remaining second scroll lines are stopped.

Abstract: A microfibrillar high molecular weight chitosan-based textile can be used as a hemostat. The chitosan has been treated in a nitrogen field by applying energy to ionize nitrogen in and around the chitosan textile. A single or multiple such treatments may be employed. For example, the chitosan textile may be irradiated under nitrogen using ?-irradiation, treated under a nitrogen plasma, or both.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. The present invention further provides for pretreated lignocellulosic material that can be used to produce products, such as fermentable sugars.

Abstract: A method and kit for measuring a concentration of an antibiotic are provided. The method of measuring a concentration of an antibiotic includes preparing magnetic particles bound to an antibiotic, preparing silica-coated fluorescent particles to which at least one antibody of the antibiotic is bound, allowing the magnetic particles to react with the silica-coated fluorescent particles, and irradiating the reacted silica-coated fluorescent particles with laser beams.

Abstract: Provided herein are inventive enopeptin compounds of Formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Further provided are methods of preparation, use, and treatment.