Abstract: Apparatus for uniformly distributing a fluid such as a vapor or gas upwardly through a cylindrical bed of a particulate contact material such as a catalyst, without interfering with the catalyst flow, includes an annular chamber which is closed at its top and which surrounds the cylindrical bed. The annular chamber receives fluid near its top and distributes it evenly at its bottom where it passes the fluid downwardly into a region which contains catalyst particles which have descended from the cylindrical bed, said region being defined at its top by the catalyst at the bottom of the aforesaid cylindrical bed and the open bottom end of the annular chamber, at its bottom by the bottom of a vessel containing the apparatus, and at its sides by the sides of the vessel. The distance between the bottom of the cylindrical bed and the bottom of the vessel is preferably at least equal to the radius of the cylindrical bed.

Abstract: A process for the liquid phase adsorptive separation of arabinose from an aqueous feed mixture of monosaccharides containing arabinose along with other aldopentoses and aldohexoses. The feed is contacted with a calcium-Y or clacium-X type zeolite. Arabinose is selectively adsorbed to the substantial exclusion of other aldoses and thereafter is recovered in high purity by desorption with water or ethanol. The process can be carried out on a commercial scale by means of a simulated moving bed flow scheme.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for performing an electrochemical process involving hydrogen and gaseous compounds capable of dissociating into or combining with hydrogen ions using a solid electrolyte concentration cell. Specific applications are fuel cells for producing an electrical current and separation of hydrogen from a gaseous mixture. A novel proton-conducting membrane comprised of an interpenetrating polymer network serves as the solid electrolyte. For increased strength, a membrane may be composited with or utilized with a porous support.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting and measuring hydrogen and gaseous compounds capable of dissociating into or combining with hydrogen ions using a solid electrolyte concentration cell. A novel proton-conducting membrane comprised of an interpenetrating polymer network serves as the solid electrolyte. A reference gas or a solid reference substance is used. For increased strength, a membrane may be composited with or utilized with a porous support.

Abstract: Superior isomerization performance is obtained with a catalytic composite comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a hydrogen-form crystalline alumino-silicate incorporated with a refractory inorganic oxide. The superior performance is a direct result of the catalyst composite having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g. A novel method of preparing an isomerization catalyst having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g is presented, along with a novel process for the isomerization of isomerizable hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for isomerization of sulfur containing isomerizable hydrocarbons, especially saturated hydrocarbons having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms per molecule. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for isomerizing a sulfur containing combined feed where the sulfur compounds are controlled to achieve a level of from about 5 wt. ppm to about 150 wt. ppm utilizing a catalyst composition containing a hydrogen form crystalline aluminosilicate, a Group VIII metal, a refractory oxide and having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A novel hydrocarbon alkylation catalyst is disclosed comprising a mineral acid and an ether component. A process for utilizing the novel catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Alkylaromatic compounds may be synthesized by reacting an aromatic compound with an alkylating agent comprising a mixture of gases, including carbon monoxide and hydrogen at alkylation conditions in the presence of a dual-function-catalyst. The catalyst system which is employed for this reaction will comprise (1) a composite of oxides of copper and chromium and (2) an aluminosilicate which may be either in crystalline or amorphous form.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process are presented for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in flue gases to nitrogen. The catalyst comprises titania, mordenite and a metal component. The preferred metal component comprises vanadium oxide and tungsten oxide. At least 15 wt. % mordenite is present, with high silica H-mordenite being preferred.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons is disclosed in which a heat providing stream is utilized to supply a portion of the endothermic heat requirement of the reaction zone feed thereby decreasing the temperature drop of the dehydrogenation zone material. As a result, the amount of deleterious side reactions such as thermal cracking is reduced, and an increase in conversion of the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons is realized.

Abstract: Process for uniformly distributing a fluid such as a gas upwardly through a cylindrical bed of a particulate contact material, preferably a downwardly moving catalyst, without interfering with the downward flow of the material. The contact material of the cylindrical bed is confined within the outer wall of the open bottomed cylindrical chamber while additional contact material is confined under and radially outwardly of the cylindrical chamber. The fluid is introduced into an annular chamber surrounding the outer wall of the cylindrical chamber and caused to flow uniformly around its bottom end downwardly into the additional contact material and then upwardly and uniformly into the cylindrical bed.

Abstract: The polyurea resulting from curing polyfunctional isocyanates having at least three groups with a N,N'-dialkylmethylenedianiline are broadly useful as coatings on the surface of objects made of metal, wood, glass, or plastic. Such coatings may be made based on either a 1-pack system or 2-pack system. The diamine N,N'-di(2-butyl)4,4'-methylenedianiline is a particularly useful diamine. Biurets are an especially desirable class of polyisocyanates for the polyureas of this invention.

Abstract: A process for the removal of trace quantities of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from an aqueous stream which comprise the steps of: (a) contacting the aqueous stream with an adsorbent to remove trace quantities of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream to provide an aqueous stream having a reduced concentration of hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting spent adsorbent which has accumulated the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream with an elution solvent to remove the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the spent adsorbent thereby regenerating the adsorbent; (c) contacting the elution solvent in admixture with the hydrocarbonaceous compounds which were removed from the spent adsorbent in step (b) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (d) contacting the hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; and (e) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solution i

Abstract: Chlorine-resistant semipermeable membranes which comprise an interfacial polymerization reaction product composited on a porous backing support material may be prepared by contacting a porous support material such as polysulfone with an aqueous solution of triaryl triamine. The coated support material is then contacted with an organic solvent solution of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid chloride for a period of time sufficient to form an interfacial polymerized reaction product on the surface of the support material. The resultant membrane composite may be used in separation processes such as desalination of brackish or sea water, the membrane resistant to attack by chlorine which is present in the water.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of an aromatic-rich, distillable gas oil charge stock to selectively produce large quantities of high quality middle distillate while minimizing hydrogen consumption which process comprises the steps of reacting the charge stock with hydrogen, in a catalytic hydrocracking reaction zone, at hydrocracking conditions including a maximum catalyst bed temperature in the range of about 600.degree. F. (315.degree. C.) to about 850.degree. F. (454.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of a middle distillate fraction comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock at middle distillate production conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a first modified Y zeolite component and a second modified Y zeolite component in admixture with a refractory inorganic oxide matrix and hydrogenation metals. The first and second modified Y zeolites have an average unit cell size within the range of about 24.20 to 24.85 A and have a difference between their respective average unit cell sizes of at least 0.1 A.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting and measuring hydrogen and gaseous compounds capable of dissociating into or combining with hydrogen ions using a solid electrolyte concentration cell. A novel solid electrolyte membrane is used which comprises a three-component blend prepared by admixing an organic polymer or copolymer, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), with an inorganic compound, such as a phosphoric acid, and an organic compound selected from a group of polymers and copolymers having monomer units containing nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), in a mutually miscible solvent. A reference gas or a solid reference substance is used. For increased strength, a membrane may be composited with or attached to a porous support.

Abstract: Superior tolerance to catalyst coking is obtained with a catalytic composite comprising a gallium component and a crystalline aluminosilicate incorporated with a phorphorus containing alumina. A five-fold reduction in the coke content of the spent catalyst of the instant invention is observed which is directly attributable to the phosphorus containing alumina. A novel method of preparing this catalyst is presented, along with a novel process for the dehydrocyclodimerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, a method of making the composite, and use of the composite is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite bound within a support matrix. Additionally, the catalyst comprises catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component. There is also present within the catalyst sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10. The catalytic composite has utility for the conversion of hydrocarbons and, in particular, has specific utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst.

Abstract: Unsaturated hydrocarbons may be prepared by subjecting dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon to dehydrogenation in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst. The effluent stream from this step, comprising unconverted hydrocarbons, dehydrogenated hydrocarbons, hydrogen and steam, may then be passed to a selective oxidation step in which the hydrogen is selectively oxidized in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas to the substantial exclusion of the oxidation of the hydrocarbons. The oxidation catalyst which is employed will comprise a Group VIII noble metal, a Group IVA metal and a Group IA or IIA metal composited on a metal oxide support. The metal oxide support such as alumina will possess a particular configuration such as a polylobular particle containing from 3 to about 8 lobes and having a ratio of exterior surface to catalyst volume greater than [4D+2L] in which D is the largest representative diameter and L is the length of the particle.