Abstract: In a monitoring system for a bridge output stage which is connected in series with a controllable source of current, to the terminals of a source of operating voltage, the voltage over the bridge output stage and the voltage drop over a current-measurement resistor are fed to a subtraction circuit. The subtraction circuit is connected, via an analog-to-digital converter, to an input of a microcomputer, and a program is provided by which it is tested whether the voltage at the input of the microcomputer lies within a predetermined range. The operating voltage and the voltage over the controllable source of current are preferably fed to a further subtraction circuit the output of which is connected to an output of the subtraction circuit.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for displaying the level of liquid in the fuel tank of an automotive vehicle. A liquid-level detector 1 and a display device 3 for indicating liquid level are included in the device. The measurement values of the liquid level are provisionally stored at predeterminable time intervals and compared with the instantaneous measurement values. During travel, increasing measurement values determined by the comparison are not displayed.

Abstract: The method for monitoring the end positions of a controlling element having a servomotor (1) comprises the recognition of the end position, for instance by interruption of the flow of current to the servomotor by limit switches (4, 5), and the subsequent action of a control pulse of opposite direction on the servomotor in order to brake the servomotor.

Abstract: In a system for regulating the idling speed of rotation of an internal combustion engine, in which a correction variable, which is determined by comparison of the speed-of-rotation actual value which is fed as speed-of-rotation signal with a speed-of-rotation desired value, is fed to a control member, a predetermined correction variable is fed upon the absence of the speed-of-rotation signal to the control member.

Abstract: In a system for the storing of information, having a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory locations, information is stored in each case in succession in two memory locations, an uneven number of which are utilized in cyclic sequence. Upon a reading after reconnection, the information is read out from, in each case, two adjacent memory locations, advancing in each case by one memory location, and tested for agreement. From the sequence of agreements and disagreements, the memory location having the valid information is determined. For the checking of the connection between a processor and the non-volatile memory, the information of at least one additional memory location is read out from time to time and new information is then written into the further memory location, which information is thereafter read. The new information and the previous information are compared with each other. If they agree then there is a disturbance in the connection.

Abstract: In an indicating instrument, a plurality of measuring elements (2,3) are fastened in axially displaceable manner on a base plate (1) and held by compression springs (4,5) against a front plate (6) of a housing (7). The measuring elements (2,3) are provided on their rear with contact pins (9,10,11) which pass through a base plate (1) of the indicating instrument and, behind it, engage, in each case, in a plug-type receiver (12,13,14) of a circuit board (15).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining angular velocity from two voltage signals which are produced by an angle transmitter (1) have a sinusoidal function with respect to the angle of rotation of a rotatable member and are shifted in phase by 90 angular degrees. The amount and sign of the angular velocity (.omega.) are determined by the division of the derivative of a first voltage signal with respect to time by the second voltage signal. In that signal range in which the second voltage signal has passages through zero, the derivative of the second voltage signal with respect to time is divided by the first voltage signal. Alternatively, the amount of the angular velocity (.omega.) is determined from the vector sum of the derivatives of the two voltage signals with respect to time. The sign of the angular velocity is determined from the two voltage signals and their derivatives.

Abstract: A current-pressure transducer, in particular for a vacuum control in automotive vehicles, is developed with a chamber (11) which is provided with a connection (18) for supply vacuum, with a connection (19) for removal of control pressure, with an air inlet for outside pressure and with a membrane (12) as chamber wall. The membrane can be displaced by a plunger-type armature (5) of a plunger-type armature electromagnet (1-7). With the membrane there is controlled a double valve (13-17) which, depending on the position of the membrane (12), can produce a fluid-conducting connection to the supply vacuum or to the outside pressure until the control pressure in the chamber (11) corresponds to the force exerted by the plunger-type armature (5) on the membrane and, in particular, is proportional to it.

Abstract: An electropneumatic position regulator having a current/pressure transducer has, as electric input, at least one coil (11) fed with a current (setting signal), as well as a permanent magnet (16) whose relative position is variable as a function of the current for the adjustment of a nozzle/impact-plate arrangement (17, 18) of a pneumatic system. The position regulator serves for a pneumatic setting device (23) which has a stroke output and is connected with the nozzle/impact-plate arrangement. The position regulator furthermore comprises a position report device with an electric path transmitter (31) which is connected to the stroke output (32) of the setting device (23). The report signal from the electric path transmitter (31) is fed back to the electric input (coil 12) of the current/pressure transducer.

Abstract: In an electrical desired-value transmitter, particularly for an electronic gas pedal system, a return spring (5) as well as a force elastic jump spring (15) arranged parallel to it are provided. The desired-value transmitter has an electric path converter which gives off an electrical desired-value signal. In order to verify the proper operation of the return spring, a contact spring (9) of a first safety switch contact (10) acts on it in such a manner that the force of the return spring is transmitted to the contact spring. In the event that the return spring is broken, the safety switch contact assumes a position which is characteristic of this and gives off a corresponding signal which can reduce the output of the engine. The electric path converter may be a potentiometer.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for preventing oscillations of the automotive vehicle having an engine, a controlling element controlling the output power of the engine and a desired-value transmitter, wherein, within a predetermined period of time after a rise of the desired value which is faster than takes place with a predetermined rate of rise, it is checked whether there is a decrease in the desired value which takes place faster than with a predetermined rate of decrease. In the case of the presence of a faster decrease of the desired value, the rate of rise of the desired value fed to the adjusting element is temporarily limited.

Abstract: A magnet assembly for measurement of displacement of a rod is formed as a ring encircling the rod. The rod is displaceable along its axis and perpendicular to a plane of the ring. The rod includes a collar for interaction with a magnetic field produced by the magnet assembly. The assembly includes a magnetic field sensor and a first permanent magnet disposed along an inner surface of the ring, which are diametrically opposed on opposite sides of the rod. Second and third permanent magnets of like polarity are also disposed along the inner surface of the ring, and symmetrically positioned relative to the first magnet.

Abstract: The safety monitoring of an electrical gas-pedal system having a desired-value transmitter (2), a controller unit (3), a controlling element (4) and safety contacts (8 and 9 respectively) associated with the desired-value transmitter and the controlling element includes the possibility of checking the safety contact (9) of the controlling element even if, as a result of an increased idling-speed-of-rotation control position or a mechanical limitation, the control position of the controlling element lies above the switch point of the safety contact. For this purpose, when the engine speed of rotation exceeds a given threshold value (ns) which results from the increased idling speed of rotation plus a safety margin, in the absence of a corresponding signal from the desired-value transmitter push operation is recognized by the controller unit (3), and the controlling element (3) is moved back to such an extent that the safety contact (9) must have switched.

Abstract: A pointer for an indicating instrument is constructed of material transparent to light, the pointer having an elongated shape and a cross section having two inclined sides directed towards an apex, and a lower side opposite the apex and facing a face of the indicating instrument. The lower surface is provided with a layer of coloring, substantially opaque to the light, and giving a colored appearance to the pointer upon viewing the pointer by looking straight down upon the indicator face or at an angle thereto. The inclination of the pointer sides provides for respective refraction and total internal reflection to viewing rays of light which make visible the coloring.

Abstract: In an arrangement for an automotive vehicle for intervention into the connection between an operating member and a control member which determines the power of the internal combustion engine of the automotive vehicle, the operating member being connected with a first driver and the control member with a second driver, and between the first and second drivers there acts a coupling spring the force of which acts against a first stop being present between the first and second drivers. A third driver is connected to a setting member. The third driver is operatively connected via a second stop with the second driver, a movement of the setting member in the direction towards reducing the power acting against the second stop.

Abstract: A display device, particularly for automotive vehicles, having a transparent display panel on which opaque characters and symbols can be represented and over the front of which a pointer is movable. Ambient light can pass through the display panel from the side away from the observer to the side towards the observer. On this side of the display panel away from the observer there is arranged a background surface, the projection of the contour of the display panel from the observer onto the background surface being smaller than the background surface as seen from the perspective of the observer.

Abstract: In a device for electrically monitoring oil level, particularly in automobile internal combustion engines, a first temperature-dependent resistance element (1) is housed within a hollow space in an oil measurement rod and positioned at the height of a filling level. The device signals a dropping of the oil level below the filling level. A first resistance element is connected to an evaluation circuit having a source of current (17-23, 26, 27). A second temperature-dependent resistance element (16) is located in the oil measurement rod at a lower point than the first temperature-dependent resistance element (1). In order to be able to monitor the oil level over a large temperature range, the second temperature-dependent resistance element (16) can be switched to the evaluation circuit (emitter resistor 19) for correction of a switching threshold of the evaluation circuit as a function of temperature.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and particularly of the intake air of internal combustion engines, having an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner on a support and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, the support is developed in rectangular shape with a flat central part bearing the resistance layer and is provided with reinforcement strips integral with it on at least three sides. Futhermore, the central part is provided at its edges with slits which adjoin the reinforcement strips. The apparatus of the invention can be produced preferably from silicon by etching and can be developed to receive futher resistors and other electronic elements.

Abstract: In the method for adjusting a controlling element, a marking point which can be recognized by the controller unit which controls the controlling element and is at a given distance from the adjustment point is selected in the vicinity of the desired adjustment point, said distance corresponding to a given number of control pulses which are necessary in order to adjust the controlling element with close tolerances to the desired adjustment point. When a switch is used as the marking point, the distance should be so great that after movement beyond this marking point the switch passes into a precisely defined switch condition.

Abstract: In order to recognize the occurrence of reverse flow in a rapidly pulsation stream of fluid flowing with constant mass flow in particular within the intake duct (10) of an internal combustion engine, there is proposed a device for determining the direction of flow having a turbulence-sensitive sensor element (12) which is arranged between a flow straightener (32) and an eddy element (16), the sensor element (12) being exposed to laminar or else to turbulent flow depending on the direction of flow.