Abstract: A silica-based interlayer insulating layer having a low dielectric constant is formed with SOG material on a substrate, in which a wiring-layer forming space is then formed. If necessary, a UV ray irradiation is performed under an oxidizing atmosphere. A Si—OH bond is formed on a surface of the insulating layer. A monomolecular layer film is then adhered to the inner surface of the space, which is then modified to be a catalyst with a solution containing Pd compound. On the catalyst monomolecular layer, a copper-diffusion-resistant film is formed by electroless plating, on which a copper plate is then formed as a wiring layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprises forming metallic nuclei or a seed layer on a non-magnetic substrate, and forming a soft magnetic under layer on the metallic nuclei or the seed layer by means of electroless plating. The soft magnetic under layer is formed while an external parallel magnetic field is applied to the non-magnetic substrate, and the substrate is rotated such that the substrate is maintained parallel to the parallel magnetic field.

Abstract: A method for growing a ?-Ga2O3 single includes preparing a ?-Ga2O3 seed crystal and growing the ?-Ga2O3 single crystal from the ?-Ga2O3 seed crystal in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A novel nonvolatile memory element, which can be manufactured by a simple and high yield process by using an organic material and has a high on/off ratio, and a method for manufacturing such nonvolatile memory element. A switching layer (14) made of an electrical insulating radical polymer is provided between an anode layer (12) and a cathode layer (16). Further, a hole injection transport layer (13) is provided between the switching layer (14) and the anode layer (12), and an electron injection transport layer (15), between the switching layer (14) and the cathode layer (16). An intermediate layer is provided between the switching layer and the adjacent layer. The radical polymer is preferably nitroxide radical polymer. The switching layer (14), the hole injection transport layer (13) and the electron injection transport layer (15) are formed by being stacked by a wet process.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a glucose concentration is noninvasive, accurate, and compact. The apparatus includes a detection unit (10) and a principal component analysis (PCA) unit (20). The detection unit includes a light source (11) to emit mid-infrared light, an ATR prism (12) to receive the mid-infrared light with a measuring object placed on the ATR prism, and a spectrum detector (13) to detect an absorption spectrum from the mid-infrared light from the ATR prism. The PCA unit includes a loading memory (24) to store a glucose corresponding loading and a personal data memory (28) to store personal data in the form of a calibration curve. According to the detected absorption spectrum, stored loading, and stored personal data, the PCA unit computes a glucose concentration of the measuring object.

Abstract: A hydrotalcite-like substance that is capable of ion exchange with target anions, being of small crystal size and that exhibits large basal spacing, excelling in anion exchange performance; a process for producing the same; and a method of immobilizing hazardous substances. A hydrotalcite-like substance is produced by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing an alkali to thereby synthesize a hydrotalcite-like substance, followed by, without ageing, water removal or neutralization. The molar ratio of aluminum ions and magnesium ions is preferably in the range of 1:5 to 1:2. Hazardous substances can be immobilized by pulverizing the hydrotalcite-like substance after synthesis and adding the powder to a subject, or adding a hydrotalcite-like substance in slurry form to a subject, or carrying out addition so as to cause the synthesis directly at the position of the subject.

Abstract: An intraocular tension measuring method comprising vibrating an eyeball to be examined by a sound wave, measuring vibration of the eyeball to be examined by a noninvasive means to determine a Q value of resonance of the eyeball to be examined, and calculating intraocular tension from the Q value, and an intraocular tension measuring device comprising a vibrating means for vibrating an eyeball to be examined by a sound wave, a measuring means for noninvasively measuring vibration of the eyeball to be examined, a Q value calculating means for calculating a Q value of resonance of the eyeball to be examined from the vibration measured by the measuring means, and an intraocular tension calculating means for calculating intraocular tension from the Q value.

Abstract: To provide a matching technology for determining the similarity between two objects at high velocity with high precision. A matching method for comparing a set of feature points of two objects projected to an N-dimensional space and determining the similarity between the two objects, includes a mapping step (S3) of mapping the set to a one-dimensional space, a pairing step (S6) of creating a set of pairs of a feature point of first object that is the most approximate to a feature point of second object, a partial-set creating step (S7) of partly extracting the pairs in small order of the pair distance from the set of the pairs of the feature points and creating a partial set of the pairs of the feature points, an average-value calculating step (S8) of calculating a rating-scale of the pair belonging to the partial set of the pair of the feature points, and a determining step (S10) of determining the similarity between the first object and the second object on the basis of an average value of the distance.

Abstract: In a method for suppressing a noise by the spectrum subtraction method, it is possible to improve the noise suppression capability by simultaneously obtaining a frequency resolution required for the noise estimation spectrum and a temporal resolution required for the noise suppression spectrum. The signal length of an observation signal cut out for analyzing the spectrum of the observation signal used for estimation calculation of the noise spectrum is set longer than the signal length of an observation signal cut out for analyzing the spectrum of the observation signal as a value to be subtracted for performing subtraction with the noise spectrum.

Abstract: In magnetocardiography, an assisting technique for a doctor diagnosing a heart disease will be provided. In the magnetocardiography, magnetism to be generated from a subject's heart is measured by a magnetic sensor, and from this measured data, a position of center of gravity of excitement wave front in a cardiac muscle excitement propagation process and a transition vector (wave front vector) is calculated by an analyzing computer. With this wave front vector as a feature parameter, the Mahalanobis' distance is calculated from a data base obtained by diagnosing in the past, a possibility (probability) of the subject having a heart disease is presumed on the basis of the Bayes' theorem for displaying. Also, by superimposing on a heart picture, the wave front vector position is displayed, and a cluster classification position in the wave front vector is displayed.

Abstract: A method for growing a ?-Ga2O3 single crystal hardly cracking and having a weakened twinning tendency and an improved crystallinity, a method for growing a thin-film single crystal with high quality, a GazO3 light-emitting device capable of emitting a light in the ultraviolet region, and its manufacturing method are disclosed. In an infrared-heating single crystal manufacturing system, a seed crystal and polycrystalline material are rotated in mutually opposite directions and heated, and a ?-Ga2O3 single crystal is grown in one direction selected from among the a-axis <100> direction, the b-axis <010> direction, and the c-axis <001> direction. A thin film of a ?-Ga2O3 single crystal is formed by PLD. A laser beam is applied to a target to excite atoms constituting the target Ga atoms are released from the target by thermal and photochemical actions. The free Ga atoms are bonded to radicals in the atmosphere in the chamber.

Abstract: A white X-ray generating means and an X-ray detecting means are respectively moved to a first position and a second position that are separated, X-ray intensities, for each energy, detected at respective positions by the X-ray detecting means are obtained as first data and second data, a third data, that is refraction-X-ray-only data, is obtained based on the difference between the first data and the second data, and data about fluorescent X-ray is obtained from the difference between the first or second data and the third data.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyphenylene ether by oxidizing phenols using water as a solvent, enabling polyphenylene ether to be prepared with only a small amount of oxidizer, while making it possible to reuse a solvent after reaction repeatedly. Water is used as the solvent. Phenols are oxidized under the presence of a water-soluble metal complex catalyst. For the water-soluble metal complex catalyst, it is preferable to use the one whose central metal is copper or manganese, having an amine multidentate ligand.

Abstract: An impulse response synthesis method is carried out by a dispersion calculation process for calculating a dispersion of phase characteristics in association with a given room based on a volume of the room, a degree of sound absorption of the room, and a distance between a sound source and a receiving point arranged in the room, a noise creation process for creating a noise having the dispersion of the phase characteristics calculated in the dispersion calculation process, a trend addition process for adding a phase trend to the noise created by the noise creation process in accordance with the distance between the sound source and the receiving point and obtaining a phase characteristic of a minimum-phase component from the noise added with the phase trend, and a synthesis process for synthesizing an impulse response based on the phase characteristic of the minimum-phase component, the impulse response being used to create reverberation for the room.

Abstract: A method of processing skin surface observation measuring data able to address various sicknesses and reduce an error in sickness detection, and a measuring apparatus requiring no filter with a simple structure. The measuring apparatus comprises a means of applying a white light to a biological surface as a sample, a means of detecting the spectra of the white light reflected off a plurality of positions on the biological surface, a means of plotting the absorbances of the above spectra to a light spectrum multi-dimensional space, a means of subjecting data in the spectrum multi-dimension space obtained from the plurality of positions to multivariate analysis to determine the eigenvectors of at least first, second and third principal components, and a means of projecting data at respective positions in respective eigenvector directions to display their magnitudes on a two-dimension display screen on a gray scale or in colors corresponding to the magnitudes; and a measuring method by the apparatus.

Abstract: A capacitor capable of being incorporated into a packaging substrate, which capacitor includes a high-dielectric-constant layer, and an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant layer from the upper side and the lower side. A packaging substrate containing the capacitor, and a method for producing the same are also provided.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a solvent which is free from the risk of destroying the ozone layer surrounding the Earth, hardly toxic, and free from the risk of causing environment pollution problems by polluting underground water or air. The solvent contains at least one chosen from 1,2,5-thiadiazole compounds represented by formula (1) below: (where R1 and R2 each represent hydrogen or methyl group).

Abstract: A soft magnetic thin film of CoFe alloy having a high Br and low Hc is prepared by furnishing a plating tank including cathode and anode compartments which are separated by a diaphragm or salt bridge so as to permit charge transfer, but inhibit penetration of Fe ions, feeding a plating solution containing Co ions and divalent Fe ions to the cathode compartment, feeding an electrolyte solution to the anode compartment, immersing a substrate in the plating solution, immersing an anode in the electrolyte solution, electroplating, and heat treating the plated film at 100–550° C.; or by immersing a substrate and a soluble anode in a plating solution containing Co ions and divalent Fe ions, electroplating, and heat treating the plated film at 100–550° C.

Abstract: A hearing aid device for processing an input sound signal via a microphone so as to output a sound signal from an earphone comprises a signal processing element, a couple of acoustic nerve excitation pattern calculation elements, a couple of acoustic filter shape memory elements, a comparison element, a correction processing element, etc. The couple of acoustic nerve excitation pattern calculation elements calculate acoustic nerve excitation patterns of a normal hearing person and a hearing impaired person based on an output signal of the signal processing element and acoustic filter shapes of the normal hearing person and the hearing impaired person which are stored in the couple of acoustic filter shape memory elements. Each of the acoustic nerve excitation patterns is compared via the comparison element.

Abstract: A medical manipulator (10), comprising a plurality of manipulator formed bodies (14) to (18) longitudinally connected to each other so as be displaced relative to each other. The manipulator formed bodies (14) to (18) further comprise bases (20) and balloon bodies (21) installed on the bases (20) and providing pressing forces to structures in a living body. The balloon bodies (21) further comprise spaces (48) capable of storing normal saline solution supplied from a device body (12), and installed so that the pressing forces can be controlled by controlling internal pressures in the spaces (48). The manipulator (10) is so formed as to be autonomously moved forward in the living body by the control of the pressing force while the manipulator formed bodies (14) to (18) are displaced relative to each other by a reaction from the structures in the living body.