Abstract: A transfer device for transferring an image on an image carrier 1 to a recording material 2, the transfer device includes a transferring member 4 adapted to nip and convey the recording material 2 between the transferring member 4 and the image carrier 1, a guard resin layer 5 having a surface microhardness not smaller than surface microhardness corresponding to polyimide, the guard resin layer 5 provided on a surface of the transferring member 4, and an adjustment resistance layer 6 provided as a ground layer of the guard resin layer 5, the adjustment resistance layer 6 adapted to inhibit an accumulation of charge in the guard resin layer 5. Or, the guard resin layer 5 made of an epoxy resin is provided on the surface of the transferring member 4, the adjustment resistance layer 6 having a smooth interface with the guard resin layer 5, the adjustment resistance layer 6 adapted to inhibit accumulation of charge in the guard resin layer.

Abstract: An application system is described for applying a two-step transfix process whereby an ink image is applied onto an intermediate transfer surface and then transferred to a receiving substrate, followed re-transfixing the ink image by pulling the receiving medium back through a duplex path. The system includes an applicator assembly for uniformly distributing a liquid layer onto a support surface defining an elastomer release surface to produce the intermediate transfer surface. The system uses the elastomer transfer surface in combination with a hard drum for near perfect image transfer of the ink image onto the receiving substrate wherein lensing of the ink image is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A method including: sonicating a liquid suspension of first particles; and analyzing the liquid phase for second particles. An apparatus including: a sonicator adapted to sonicate a liquid suspension of first particles; and a first analyzer adapted to analyze the sonicated liquid phase for second particles. The method and apparatus can be used to analyze the adhesion force relationships between the main or host first particles and guest or surface additive second particles.

Abstract: A method for generating a tree structure representation of a generalized graph structure for display includes the more important links in the representation. Usage parameters are referenced in generating the tree structure from the generalized graph structure. Frequency, recency, spacing of accesses, and path information are exemplary types of usage parameters. A breadth-first or depth-first traversal of the graph references usage parameters associated with each node or link. The usage parameters which are associated with each node are referenced in order to determine the visitation order. The visitation order is determined by visiting the highest used nodes or links first. A method of displaying the tree structure references the usage parameters to determine the positioning of the nodes in the layout of the tree structure. In a preferred embodiment, the root node is positioned in the center of the layout. In one example, sibling nodes are spread out on links which emanate radially about their parent.

Abstract: In a xerographic printing apparatus, during the transfer step wherein marking material is electrostatically transferred from the photoreceptor to the print sheet by a transfer corotron and the sheet is then detached from the photoreceptor by a detack corotron, the bias associated with the transfer corotron is maintained at a constant value while the bias associated with the detack corotron is progressively decreased to approximately zero as the print sheet moves through the transfer zone.

Abstract: A toner transport apparatus for electrographic printing machines that uses the distance between a toner storage container holding a supply of toner material and a developer housing to admix the toner with the developer. A first flexible auger transports the toner from the toner storage container to the developer housing and a second flexible auger transports some of the toner and developer from the developer housing back to the toner hopper where it is mixed with fresh toner.

Abstract: An improved ink jet head wherein an ink reservoir is provided in the ink jet channel. Such a arrangement improves the printhead latency and broadens the range of inks which may be suitably utilized. In one alternative, this ink reservoir is provided between the heater and the face of the printhead and is actually an expansion of the heater pit. In another alternative, this is accomplished by shifting the forward edge of the heater pit as provided in the thick polyimide (or other photopolymer) layer found sandwiched between a heater chip and a ODE channel chip.

Abstract: Domain objects for use in a freeform graphics system. Domain objects are context specific representations of information that are used in a freeform graphics system. Domain objects are represented in a freeform graphics system by a graphic object (icon) representing an instance of the domain object. The icon representing a domain object may be manipulated like any other graphic object. Domain objects are defined by a domain object class which define attributes, a set of action rules and layouts. The attributes describe the information or data associated with the domain object. The set of action rules map user actions and system events to operations that may be performed on the domain object. The layouts define how domain object information is displayed as an icon.

Abstract: For a swath of the image data, a start state of a random number generator is stored, and then a sufficient number of random numbers is generated such that each pixel has random number, or at least one bit of a random number, associated with it. The random number, or the portion of the random number, that is associated with a pixel determines during which pass that pixel is enabled for printing. To print a subsequent pass, the start state of the current swath is reset and the random numbers for the current swath are regenerated. To determine during which pass a pixel is enabled, the associated random number is combined with a different mask and/or complemented, or is compared to a different criterion, for each pass.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a membrane having a corrugated, multi-layer structure, comprising the steps of: providing a substrate having an insulator layer on the top surface of the substrate, a conductive layer on the insulator layer, a sacrificial layer on said conductive layer, and a second conductive layer; patterning a series of holes the second conductive layer to allow release etchant to have access to a second sacrificial layer; depositing the second sacrificial layer onto said second conductive layer so that the series of holes are filled with the second sacrificial layer; patterning the second sacrificial layer with a radial and/or concentric grid pattern so that a third conductive layer when deposited will form the support structure and top portion of the corrugated structure; depositing the third conductive layer so that the grid pattern is filled in and is in contact with the second conductive layer; removing the first and second sacrificial layer by immersing the device in a release etchant.

Abstract: A micro-optoelectromechanical system based device with aligned structures comprises at least one optical structure formed in a silicon layer of the device and at least one optical fiber connection structure that is self-aligned with the at least one optical structure. In embodiments, the at least one optical fiber connection structure is formed in a substrate of the device and may comprise a V-groove. In other embodiments, the at least one optical structure may comprise a waveguide. A nitride layer may be formed on at least a portion of the waveguide. In various embodiments, the silicon layer may be a single-crystal-silicon layer of a silicon-on-insulator wafer. A method for fabricating a micro-optoelectromechanical system based device with aligned structures is provided in which the at least one optical structure and the at least one optical fiber connection structure are defined using the same masking layer.

Abstract: The tacking pressure and droplet acceleration force in an ink jet printer is provided by an array of electrodes mounted under the transport mechanism. The array consists of multiple pairs of oppositely charged electrodes and the array is maintained at a bias voltage while the print head of the printer is grounded.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink composition comprising (a) a polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer binder having a melting point of from about 60 to about 150° C., (b) a nonpolymeric alcohol viscosity modifier having a melting point of from about 60 to about 150° C., (c) a colorant, (d) an optional conductivity enhancing agent, (e) an optional antioxidant, and (f) an optional UV absorber.

Abstract: A development system including a housing, a developer roll mounted in the housing, for depositing marking particles on an imaging surface having an electrostatic latent image thereon, an auger, for mixing and transporting the marking particles and carrier constituents of the developing material and; transferring mixed developer material to the developer roll, the auger comprising an elongate strip of magnetic material having a helix structure; a nonmagnetic sleeve enclosing the elongate strip of magnetic material; and means for rotating the elongate strip of magnetic material within the nonmagnetic sleeve, the elongate strip of magnetic material generates a magnetic field for transporting the developer material axially along an outer surface of the nonmagnetic sleeve when rotated by the rotating means.

Abstract: A presentation control system and method facilitates the interaction between a user and a presentation device. The user generates tangible sensible identification devices, which are linked to items to be displayed in a presentation. In use, the user places the tangible sensible identification-carrying device, in the sensible area of an identification sensing device. The identification sensing device reads a presentation element identification from the identification-carrying device and determines a presentation element identified by the presentation element identification. The presentation element is then displayed via a presentation display device.

Abstract: An a.c.

Abstract: A charging member 2a of a charger 2 is disposed under the effect of a magnetic field produced by a magnetic field production member 4b of a developing device 4 and is made of a nonmagnetic material. The charger 2 comprises the charging member 2a and a removal member 2b disposed in contact with an photoreceptor 1 in the upstream of the charging member 2a, the removal member 2b for removing a deposit on the photoreceptor 1 and the charging member 2a is disposed under the effect of a magnetic field produced by the magnetic field production member 4b of the developing device 4 and is made of a nonmagnetic material. On the other hand, the removal member 2b is disposed under the effect of a magnetic field produced by the magnetic field production member 4b of the developing device 4 and is made of a magnetic material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispersal of aggregates of red and white blood cells and platelets. The present invention employs a sonic or ultrasonic device to efficiently breakup aggregates of red and white blood cells and platelets by driving the ultrasonic signal over a small range of frequencies around the acoustic slow wave frequency of the agglomerate. At this frequency, the fluid vibrates out of phase with the solid and is forced out through the pore structure in the agglomerate.

Abstract: A process including: forming a first chlorogallium phthalocyanine (ClGaPc) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to form a ClGaPc (NMP) Type-I product; forming a second chlorogallium phthalocyanine in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form a ClGaPc (DMSO) Type-I product; separately dry milling and then wet treating the Type-I products to form respective Type-II products; blending the Type-II products together along with a resin to form a coating mixture; and coating the mixture to form a charge generator layer in an electrostatographic imaging article.