Abstract: Provided is a thin film monitoring method including: injecting a laser beam into a thin film on a substrate to form excited carriers in the thin film, irradiating an electromagnetic wave onto the thin film while the excited carriers in the thin film are recombining, measuring characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave reacting with the excited carriers in the thin film, and determining composition uniformity or defect distribution of the thin film based on locations on the substrate by using a parameter including the measured characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor structure defect monitoring method including injecting a laser beam into a semiconductor structure to form excited carriers in the semiconductor structure; irradiating an electromagnetic wave onto the semiconductor structure while the excited carriers in the semiconductor structure are recombining; measuring characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave reacting with the excited carriers in the semiconductor structure; and determining a defect density or defect distribution of the semiconductor structure by using a parameter including the measured characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A circuit configured to detect a threshold voltage includes a first delay circuit, a second delay circuit and a controller. The first delay circuit has a first sensitivity to threshold voltage of a transistor. The first delay circuit may be configured to generate a first output signal delayed with respect to the input signal by a first delay time that changes depending on the digital control code. The second delay circuit has a second sensitivity that is higher than the first sensitivity. The second delay circuit may be configured to generate a second output signal delayed with respect to the input signal by a second delay time. The controller may compare the first and second output signals and may generate a digital output code corresponding to the digital control code when the first delay time is equal to the second delay time to indicate the threshold voltage of the transistor.

Abstract: A method of controlling an ultrasound imaging device is disclosed. The method may include obtaining volume data of an object, obtaining a reference cross-sectional image crossing a first axis from the volume data, obtaining, from the volume data, a candidate standard cross-sectional image crossing a second axis that is different from the first axis, displaying the reference cross-sectional image and the candidate standard cross-sectional image on a first graphic user interface (GUI) view, rotating the reference cross-sectional image on the first GUI view, updating the candidate standard cross-sectional image on the first GUI view by adjusting a slicing plane of the candidate standard cross-sectional image based on the rotation of the reference cross-sectional image, and displaying, according to completion of the rotation of the reference cross-sectional image, the updated candidate standard cross-sectional image as a standard cross-sectional image on the first GUI view.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrostatic filter and film for pathogen inactivation, and furthermore, to a method for manufacturing the electrostatic filter and film for pathogen inactivation. The present invention relates to an electrostatic filter and film for pathogen inactivation using large-area charge injection into graphene, and using the graphene having improved charge retention ability.

Abstract: A memory device includes core dies including memory cell arrays, and a buffer die electrically connected to the core dies through one or more through silicon vias. The buffer die includes a DQS generation circuit that receives an external clock signal from an external device and generates data strobe signals based on the external clock signal for communicating data with the core dies, a DQS calibration circuit that detects a latency of each of plural rank signal that are received from the core dies based on the data strobe signals, respectively, and a coefficient decision circuit that detects a threshold voltage code of the buffer die, applies a weight to the latency of each rank signal based on the threshold voltage code to generate a weighted calibration code for each rank signal, and transmits the weighted calibration codes to respective ones of the core dies.

Abstract: An SRAM comprises: a memory cell array in which a plurality of memory cells each defined by a word line and a bit line pair are arranged; a write driver that applies a write voltage corresponding to the applied data to a bit line pair connected to the memory cell; and a word line driver activating the word line after the write voltage is applied to the bit line pair and after a pre-develop period.

Abstract: A memory fault information pre-analysis according to the present disclosure includes a fault monitor, a fault counter, a must monitor, and a fault address collector, the fault memory receives fault data configured by a row address and a column address of a memory and stores a location where fault information about the fault data is stored in the fault counter, the must monitor, and the fault address collector, the fault counter stores a number of faults in a fault row and a fault column of the memory, the must monitor stores must fault information, and the fault address collector stores a row address and a column address of the fault data and whether it is a pivot fault.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode binder containing a cationic semi-interpenetrating network polymer, as well as to electrodes and batteries incorporating such binder. The electrode binder of the present invention can enhance both the physical properties (dispersion, flexibility, and adhesion) and the electrochemical properties (performance, charge/discharge, and lifespan) of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for training a neural network model are provided. The method of training a neural network model includes storing replay samples selected from among online stream samples in a replay buffer, selecting batch samples from the replay samples based on selection frequencies of the respective replay samples, determining a freeze layer group of the neural network model based on forward propagation of the neural network model using the batch samples, and training the neural network model based on backward propagation of layers not in the freeze layer group.

Abstract: A dual energy technique based material decomposing method according to the present disclosure includes obtaining intensity change information between a radiographic image of a decomposition material phantom formed of a first material and a second material to be decomposed and a radiographic image of an equivalent material phantom formed of a first equivalent material and a second equivalent material corresponding to the first material and the second material, respectively, using a simulated radiographic imaging system, converting an image intensity of the equivalent material phantom using the intensity change information from a dual energy image, obtaining a material decomposition constant based on the dual energy image with a converted image intensity, and decomposing the first material and the second material from a dual energy image of an object including the first material and the second material using the material decomposition constant.

Abstract: An immunoassay device for detecting blood type antigen-specific immunoglobulin, an immunoassay method for detecting blood type antigen-specific immunoglobulin, and a method for collecting blood type antigen-specific immunoglobulin are disclosed. The immunoassay device for detecting blood type antigen-specific immunoglobulin includes a substrate having a reaction space defined therein capable of receiving therein a detection target sample solution; a binding antibody positioned in the reaction space and immobilized on the substrate; a switching peptide having a peptide compound reversibly binding to a Fab region of the binding antibody and a fluorescent label binding to the peptide compound; and a fluorescence-quenching substance positioned adjacent to the fluorescent label and quenching fluorescence from the fluorescent label.

Abstract: An excellent ultra-small microphone device with improved mechanical properties due to a protective layer formed on an upper and/or lower surface of a two-dimensional material having piezoelectric properties is provided to replace a conventional MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) microphone device. In the microphone device, the protective layer of a thickness of several hundred nm is formed on the upper and/or lower surface of the two-dimensional TMD material to protect the piezoelectric material layer during a back etching process and to contribute to the mechanical stability of the device.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel; a first pattern layer on one surface of the display panel; and a second pattern layer facing the one surface with the first pattern layer interposed therebetween, wherein: the first pattern layer comprises a plurality of first patterns each having a closed line shape comprising a first opening; the second pattern layer comprises a plurality of second patterns each having a closed line shape comprising a second opening; on the one surface, each of the first pattern layer and the second pattern layer has a deformation rate which is smaller in a direction perpendicular to a tensile direction than in the tensile direction; and on the one surface, the first openings overlap portions of the second patterns.

Abstract: The present invention provides: ferritin; a single-chain variable fragment bound to the N-terminus of the ferritin; and a fusion protein self-assembling nanoparticle structure in which an N-terminus RNA-interaction domain (RID) in a human-derived lysyl-tRNA synthetase is bound to the N-terminus of the single-chain variable fragment by means of a novel fusion partner. Therefore, the present invention provides: a fusion protein having enhanced water solubility; nanoparticles; a vector coding same; a host cell transformed by means of the vector, and a pharmaceutical composition, for treating a disease, using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a perforated plate microstructure module, and more particularly, to a perforated plate microstructure module which can be used to deliver a drug into the skin.

Abstract: There are a composite material including an aluminum-based matrix and a device adopting the same. The composite material including an aluminum-based matrix may include an aluminum-based matrix including a plurality of grains, wherein each of the grains has a plurality of sub-grains; and a self-organized phase present at a sub-grain boundary between the plurality of sub-grains, wherein the self-organized phase has a band structure and includes a solid solution of aluminum and a non-metal element. The sub-grains and the self-organized phase coming into contact with the sub-grains may form a substantially coherent interface. A plurality of dislocations spaced apart from each other may be provided along the coherent interface.

Abstract: Provided is a genome editing composition for prime editing including a prime editor protein and a prime editing guide RNA, for editing a Z-type mutation of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The composition according to an aspect includes both a pegRNA sequence capable of effectively editing the SERPINA1 gene and prime editor 2 (PE 2), and thus, may effectively deliver the prime editor to a cell, and act specifically for a target sequence of the SERPINA1 gene, enabling genome editing with high accuracy, and therefore, may be useful as a SERPINA1 gene editing platform. In addition, the composition is capable of correcting the Z-type mutation of the SERPINA1 gene, and may be used for treatment or prevention of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical atomizer. The optical atomizer according to the present disclosure includes a laser transmitter unit configured to transmit a laser beam oscillated by a laser oscillator to one side, and a sprayer unit connected to the laser transmitter unit, and configured to heat a liquid for spraying received in the sprayer unit by the laser beam transmitted from the laser transmitter unit and spray the evaporated liquid for spraying to outside.

Abstract: A signal channel according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a plurality of signal lines disposed on a plurality of layers spaced apart from each other in a first direction and connecting first points and second points to each other. A plurality of sections are defined between the first points and the second points. A first signal line disposed on a first layer of the plurality of layers in a first section of the plurality of sections is electrically connected to a second signal line disposed on a second layer of the plurality of layers in a second section of the plurality of sections.