Abstract: Device and methods for controlling pH or ionic gradient comprising a multisite array of feedback electrode sets comprising electrodes and pH sensing elements. The electrodes can include a reference electrode, counter electrode, and a working electrode. The device and methods iteratively select an amount of current and/or voltage to be applied to each working electrode, apply the selected amount of current and/or voltage to each working electrode to change pH of a solution close to the working electrode, and measure the signal output of the sensing element. The multisite array can include feedback and non-feedback electrode sets.

Abstract: An electrophoresis cassette may include sample well(s), gel column(s) containing a separation gel, and elution modules arranged adjacent the gel column(s). A sample may be provided to the electrophoresis cassette and high-molecular weight (HMW) DNA may be isolated from the sample. Single-copy DNA sequences may be cleaved on both sides of a repeat region of the DNA sequences to produce a cleaved sample, which then may be fractionated using gel electrophoresis. DNA fractions may be isolated from consecutive sections of the separation gel and subjected to PCR assays to detect single-copy sequences within the DNA fraction, said single-copy sequence containing repeat expansion sequences. The subjected DNA fractions may be electroeluted into the plurality of elution modules. A size of DNA fractions having the repeat expansion sequences may be determined. It is also determined if that size is above a normal repeat size range.

Abstract: A pH sensor for detecting a pH of a sample includes a reference electrode and a glass electrode. The reference electrode includes a hollow tubular housing, and at least one water absorbing unit disposed in the housing and including a porous junction member configured to contact the sample, and a water absorbing member disposed on one side of the porous junction member that is opposite to the sample. The water absorbing member is made by soaking a superabsorbent polymer in potassium chloride solution. The glass electrode is inserted into the water absorbing member, and protrudes from the junction member toward the sample.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, device and/or method for electrical label-free detection of single molecule via a glass or quartz nanopipette biosensor, one type of solid state nanopore biosensor based on resistive pulse measurements, are provided. The method of the subject invention effectively slows down the motion of biomolecules and concentrates them at the nanopipette tip. By driving biomolecules to come out of the nanopipette barrel and move in the fibrin hydrogel, unprecedented sensitivity using the typical size nanopipettes can be achieved. Small molecules such as doxorubicin, ATP, GTP, and short peptides can be easily detected with very high event rate, which greatly reduces the fabrication and measurement difficulties and open opportunities for various new applications for nanopipette biosensors.

Abstract: Described herein are reagent compositions for detecting and/or measuring analytes in a test sample. In one embodiment, reagent compositions are described for detecting and/or measuring glucose in a sample.

Abstract: A reference electrode with a liquid-impermeable enclosure comprises a chamber for a reference electrolyte. The reference electrode also comprises a first electrode element comprises a reference electrolyte electrode surface arranged to contact a reference electrolyte located within the chamber and a second electrode element is provided at least partially outside the enclosure and comprises a sample electrode surface for contacting a sample. The first and second electrode are electrically connected through the enclosure. Alternatively or additionally, a conductive connecting element defining a part of the enclosure and/or extending through the enclosure electrically connects the first electrode element and the second electrode element.

Abstract: A voltammetric reference control system for generating a reference signal for an electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor may comprise a voltammetric sensor, a potentiometric sensor, an amperometric sensor, an ion selective sensor and/or the like that is designed to be used in solutions, such as water, seawater, saline solutions and/or the like. The voltammetric reference control system generates a reference potential that does not drift and/or does not require calibration during operation of the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte, for an electrochemical gas sensor for detecting NH3 or gas mixtures containing NH3, contains at least one solvent, one conductive salt and/or one organic mediator. The conductive salt is an ionic liquid, an inorganic salt, an organic salt or a mixture thereof. The electrolyte preferably is comprised of (I) water, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate or a mixture thereof as solvent; (ii) LiCl, KCl, tetrabutylammonium toluenesulphonate or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate as conductive salt; and (iii) tert-butylhydroquinone or anthraquinone-2-sulphonate as organic mediator.

Abstract: An anticorrosion test method for a coated metallic material may include: a preparation step of adding an artificial flaw at two positions of the coated metallic material; a first measurement step of measuring a size of the artificial flaw; a connection step of electrically connecting the artificial flaws at the two positions by an external circuit via water-containing materials; an energization step of energizing a steel sheet to produce a bulge of an electrodeposition coating film; a second measurement step of measuring size of the bulge of the electrodeposition coating film; a calculation step of calculating a degree of progress of corrosion of the coated metallic material; and a correction step of correcting the degree of the progress of the corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to membranes, sensors, systems and process for the detection of magnesium ions in protein-containing samples. The novel membranes, sensors, systems, and processes are based upon the discovery that the lipophilicity of the plasticizer (or blend of plasticizers) utilized in the formulation of magnesium ion selective membranes for clinical use is inversely proportional to the sensitivity of the plasticizer(s) and directly proportional to the use life thereof.

Abstract: A solid state gel for use in a pH sensor comprises a reaction product of water, a buffer system for adjusting pH of the gel when in a liquid state, polyethylene glycol or its derivatives as a gelling agent and a salt wherein the water, the buffer, the polyethylene glycol and a reference electrolyte salt when mixed while in a liquid state form a mixture that was subjected to Gamma irradiation to form the reaction product.

Abstract: A sensor interface circuit (5) for an amperometric electrochemical sensor (3). The circuit includes: a current-to-voltage converter (9, Rf) connected to a first terminal (WRK) of the sensor (3) for converting an electric current through the sensor (3) to a voltage at an output terminal (10) of the current-to-voltage converter (9, Rf); a first amplifier (7) connected between a second terminal (REF) and a third terminal (CNTR) of the sensor (3) for maintaining a substantially fixed voltage difference between the first and second terminals (WRK, REF) of the sensor (3); a power supply (11) for powering the voltage converter (9, Rf) and for powering a first portion (31) of the first amplifier (7); and a negative voltage converter (17) configured to power a second portion of the first amplifier (7) through its low-side supply terminal (41), while a high-side supply terminal (39) of the second portion of the first amplifier (7) is configured to be connected to the power supply (11).

Abstract: A pH measuring device configured to measure a pH of a target liquid includes a main body block including a cavity, a supply line communicating with the cavity, a first drain line communicating with the cavity, and a target liquid supply valve configured to adjust a supply of the target liquid into the supply line. The main body block has an integral structure in which a pH sensor is supported such that the pH sensor is in contact with the target liquid within the cavity.

Abstract: An electrochemical oxygen sensor includes a sensing surface having a working electrode and a reference electrode, a hydrophilic layer formed from an oxygen diffusion-limiting layer emulsion overlaying the working electrode and a hydrophobic membrane formed from a hydrophobic solution disposed over the hydrophilic layer. The hydrophilic layer contains an epoxy network and a hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophobic layer contains an acetate copolymer and a cross-linking agent that reacts with the liquid epoxy resin in the hydrophilic layer forming the epoxy network where the hydrophobic member is water vapor and oxygen permeable.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus providing for the isolation of an unknown mutation from a sample comprising wild type nucleic acids and mutated nucleic acids through the application of time-varying driving fields and periodically varying mobility-altering fields to the sample within in an affinity matrix.

Abstract: A system for measuring corrosion includes a first electrode configured to be connected to a first structure and a second electrode configured to be connected to a second structure. The first and second structures are galvanically-coupled together, and the first and second structures are made of different materials. A chamber is configured to run through one or more cycles while the first electrode, the first structure, the second electrode, and the second structure are positioned inside the chamber. A measurement device is configured to receive data from the first and second electrodes and to measure one or more parameters based at least partially upon the data. A level of corrosion on the first structure, the second structure, or both is configured to be determined based at least partially upon the one or more parameters.

Abstract: Techniques for measuring sequences of nucleic acids are provided. Time-based measurements (e.g., forming a histogram) particular to a given sequencing cell can be used to generate a tailored model. The model can include probability functions, each corresponding to different states (e.g., different states of a nanopore). Such probability functions can be fit to a histogram of measurements obtained for that cell. The probability functions can be updated over a sequencing run of the nucleic acid so that drifts in physical properties of the sequencing cell can be compensated. A hidden Markov model can use such probability functions as emission probabilities for determining the most likely nucleotide states over time. For sequencing cells involving a polymerase, a 2-state classification between bound and unbound states of the polymerase can be performed. The bound regions can be further analyzed by a second classifier to distinguish between states corresponding to different bound nucleotides.

Abstract: A capillary array electrophoresis (CAE)-chemiluminescence (CL) detection coupled system includes a high-voltage power supply, a capillary array, an array channel CL reaction tank, a CAE sample tank, a CAE detection tank, a chemiluminescent reagent delivery unit, a multi-channel detection unit, and a data acquisition and processing unit. An inlet end of the capillary array is connected to the CAE sample tank. An outlet end of the capillary array is connected to the array channel CL reaction tank, and is further connected to the CAE detection tank.

Abstract: An electrochemical oxygen sensor with a long service life is provided. The electrochemical oxygen sensor according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution, and the negative electrode contains tin or a tin alloy, the electrolyte solution is an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving at least citric acids, the aqueous solution contains an alkali metal, a total content of the citric acids in the electrolyte solution is 2.1 mol/L or higher, a content of the alkali metal in the electrolyte solution is 0.1 to 1.6 times the total content of the citric acids, the electrolyte solution has a pH of 3.9 to 4.6, and when a volume of the electrolyte solution is x (ml) and a content of tin contained in the negative electrode is y (g), x/y?0.3 (ml/g) holds true.

Abstract: An electrolyte concentration measurement device includes: an ion-selective electrode supplied with the liquid; a reference electrode serving as a reference for a potential; a potential measuring unit configured to acquire a potential of the ion-selective electrode; a concentration calculation unit configured to calculate a concentration of ions contained in the liquid based on the potential acquired by the potential measuring unit; a potential monitoring unit configured to monitor a potential of the ion-selective electrode and generate a potential response curve; a timing signal acquisition unit configured to acquire a timing signal related to a timing of various operations; and a potential response curve analysis unit configured to detect an abnormality sign of a device based on a relationship between the potential response curve and the timing signal.