Abstract: To provide a sensor device and a measurement apparatus that are able to appropriately control a temperature of a sensing region where a potential is measured. Provided is a sensor device that includes an electrode array exposed to a sensing region, at least one or more wiring line layers provided in a layer same as the electrode array, a temperature determiner that determines a temperature of the sensing region on the basis of an electric resistance of the wiring line layer, and a temperature controller that controls the temperature of the sensing region on the basis of the temperature of the sensing region determined by the temperature determiner.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for performing event timing detection for DNA sequencing. In certain embodiments, a method may comprise generating a signal based on a DNA strand passed through a nanopore sensor, sampling the signal to generate a plurality of sample values, and detecting one or more event boundaries based on the sample values, an event representing a movement of a single DNA base of the DNA strand through the nanopore sensor. Detecting the one or more event boundaries may include segmenting the plurality of sample values into multiple events to calculate an optimal total score, assigning an event value to a selected event from the multiple events based on sample values of the selected event, and providing the event value to a base caller to determine a sequence of DNA bases.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to metal alloys for biosensors. An electrode is made from ruthenium metal or a ruthenium-based alloy. The resulting electrode has physical and electrical property advantages when compared with existing pure metal electrodes.

Abstract: A method of detecting at least one analyte in a test sample is provided comprising a) contacting the test sample (i) to an active chemistry matrix changing at least one electrochemical property dependent on an enzymatic activity active in the presence of the analyte, the active chemistry matrix contacting a first electrode; and (ii) to an inactive chemistry matrix, the inactive chemistry matrix contacting a second electrode, b) closing an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and the active chemistry matrix and inactive chemistry matrix, followed by determining a first value of the at least one electrochemical property, c) inverting electrical polarity of the electrical circuit of b), followed by determining a second value of the at least one electrochemical property, and d) detecting the at least one analyte based on the first value and on the second value.

Abstract: Described herein are digital microfluidic (DMF) devices and corresponding methods for managing reagent solution evaporation during a reaction. Reactions on the DMF devices described here are performed in an air or gas matrix. The DMF devices include a means for performing reactions at different temperatures. To address the issue of evaporation of the reaction droplet especially when the reaction is performed at higher temperatures, a means for introducing a replenishing droplet has been incorporated into the DMF device. A replenishing droplet is introduced every time when it has been determined that the reaction droplet has fallen below a threshold volume. Detection and monitoring of the reaction droplet may be through visual, optical, fluorescence, colorimetric, and/or electrical means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatuses for use in electrophoretic separation of macromolecules and/or cells, and in which circulating buffer streams are not required for the electrophoretic separation of macromolecules and/or cells. In certain embodiments, the electrophoretic apparatus disclosed herein comprise a sample chamber and a harvest chamber separated by a size-exclusion membrane; non-circulating buffer chambers flanking each respective sample chamber and harvest chamber, wherein each buffer chamber is separated from each respective sample chamber and harvest chamber by an ion-permeable membrane (restriction membrane), and wherein the buffer chambers are sealed and contain a buffer solution; and an electrode positioned in each buffer chamber. Also disclosed are related methods of using the electrophoretic apparatus disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a urea biosensor that is stable at ambient temperature, and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus extend the measurement life of a working electrode in a three-electrode amperometric sensor by applying an activation sequence of voltages and a measurement sequence of voltages to the input of a potentiostat. The activation sequence includes multiple cycles wherein each cycle includes a low (more negative) voltage and a high (more positive) voltage (e.g., 0 volts) with reference to a signal ground reference. In one mode, the measurement sequence includes multiple cycles of three voltage pulses, wherein each cycle includes a measurement voltage pulse followed by a high (more positive) pulse, followed by a low (more negative) pulse. The cycles are repeated N times. In a second mode, the measurement sequence comprises a fixed measurement voltage having selectable duration.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for rapidly and simply detecting endotoxin without using an expensive reagent. The endotoxin detection device includes: a region containing an electrolyte solution; a partitioning member that partitions the region into two compartments such that the two compartments are in communication via a nanopore; a first electrode that is disposed in a first compartment; a second electrode that is disposed in a second compartment and is electrically connected to the first electrode; an electrolyte solution flow generating means that causes electrolyte solution in the first compartment to move to the second compartment via the nanopore; an application means that applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a monitoring means that monitors current.

Abstract: A sensor includes a working electrode in contact with an analyte solution; an amplifier including: a source terminal; a drain terminal; a back gate terminal; and nanowires, each nanowire electrically connecting the source terminal to the drain terminal; and an insulator having a first side and a second side. The working electrode is positioned to the first side of the insulator. The source terminal, the drain terminal, and the nanowires are positioned to the second side of the insulator. The insulator prevents direct electrical contact between the working electrode, the analyte solution and either the source terminal, the drain terminal, or the nanowires. The working electrode is configured such that, when a chemical species is present in the analyte solution, a variation in an electrical field at a location of the nanowires is induced, inducing a corresponding variation in an electrical current between the source terminal and the drain terminal.

Abstract: A smart sensor system is provided which uses a monitoring electrode to produce a calibration output that can be used in-situ and in real-time to monitor and address reference electrode drift and to provide information regarding sensor operation. The monitoring electrode uses a redox chemistry that is either a non-active redox species that is not sensitive to changes in a solution being tested/monitored or a redox active species that sets a pH of the local environment proximal to the electrode when the electrode is contacted with a test and/or reference solution. The smart sensor system includes at least one of a solid-state electrochemical sensor; a glass electrode, a reduction oxidation sensor; and/or a glucose sensor and/or a sensor to monitor constituent parts of the solution composition.

Abstract: A gas sensor including a detection element section (71) including a solid electrolyte body and a pair of electrodes disposed on the solid electrolyte body, and a heater (73) for heating the detection element section (71). Inherent characteristic information is recorded in a record section (170) provided on the gas sensor or a record section provided separately from the gas sensor. The inherent characteristic information is information specific to the detection element section (71) and which allows setting of a relation between a change in the temperature of the detection element section (71) and a change in the internal resistance between the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A patient monitoring network pertaining to blood glucose and other analyte measurements includes wireless blood glucose or other analyte measuring devices and a networked computer or server. Each monitoring device is associated with a patient and is configured to measure the glucose level or other analyte from a given blood sample via inserted test strips, transmit the measurements to the networked computer, and display received messages. The blood glucose monitoring device includes means for substantially reducing factors that could affect the glucose measurement such as thermal and RF interference.

Abstract: An electrochemical method for determining the sensitivity of at least one gas sensor. The method includes applying at least two electrical pulses to at least two parts of at least two electrodes of the gas sensor, recording the change of the current pattern induced in the at least two electrodes by the at least two pulses over time, calculating at least one value for the sensor sensitivity by applying an algorithm to the current pattern induced by the at least two pulses, and comparing the calculated sensitivity value to known gas sensitivity calibration data.

Abstract: An electrochemical oxygen sensor includes a sensing surface having a working electrode and a reference electrode, a hydrophilic layer formed from an oxygen diffusion-limiting layer emulsion overlaying the working electrode and a hydrophobic membrane formed from a hydrophobic solution disposed over the hydrophilic layer. The hydrophilic layer contains an epoxy network and a hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophobic layer contains an acetate copolymer and a cross-linking agent that reacts with the liquid epoxy resin in the hydrophilic layer forming the epoxy network where the hydrophobic member is water vapor and oxygen permeable.

Abstract: A calibration electrode for calibrating a reference system of an electrochemical sensor, such as a potentiometric sensor or an ion selective electrode. The calibration electrode has an active surface comprising redox functionalities. The redox functionalities set the pH of a reference solution proximal to the calibration electrode. A voltammetric signal is applied to the calibration electrode to produce a response that is determined by the set pH. The response of the calibration electrode to the voltammetric signal is used to calibrate/adjust a reference potential produced by a reference electrode of the reference system of the electrochemical sensor. This calibration corrects the detrimental effect of reference electrode drift.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cell potential detection apparatus that can prevent a culture solution from being contaminated by a component harmful to cells, a method for manufacturing the cell potential detection apparatus, and an information processing system. The cell potential detection apparatus includes a cell potential detection chip including an electrode section configured to detect a potential of a cell, a member included in a liquid storage section configured to store a culture solution for the cell, and a film covering a liquid contact surface of the member and being harmless to the cell, the liquid contact surface being configured to contact the culture solution. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a semiconductor module in which a chip for detecting a potential at an action potential generation point generated due to a chemical change in a cell is packaged.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes an element body, an inner main pump electrode, an inner auxiliary pump electrode, an inner preliminary pump electrode, a measurement electrode, a reference electrode, a measurement voltage detection device, a specific gas concentration detection device. The inner preliminary pump electrode, the inner main pump electrode, the inner auxiliary pump electrode and the measurement electrode include each contain a noble metal having catalytic activity. At least one of the inner preliminary pump electrode and the inner main pump electrode contains no noble metal having a catalytic activity suppression ability, the catalytic activity suppression ability being an ability to suppress the catalytic activity of the noble metal having the catalytic activity from being exhibited to the specific gas. The inner auxiliary pump electrode contains a noble metal having the catalytic activity suppression ability.

Abstract: We provide an electrochemical sensor in which working microelectrodes are arranged in an array and interconnected in parallel. The working electrodes are arranged so that in use, they are electrochemically coupled to a counter electrode structure through an electrolyte. The sensor also includes a microporous body arranged so that in use, it is situated at a boundary between a gaseous environment and the electrolyte. In another aspect, we provide a method of sensing in which a sample of gas is admitted to a liquid electrolyte maintained by pores of a porous substrate. A voltage is applied to the liquid electrolyte, and an electrical response to the applied voltage is observed, thereby to detect electrochemical evidence of an analyte within the liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: An automated, fieldable ion-selective sensor system for frequent detection of nutrients in soils or water is set forth. In one aspect, an integrated small form-factor housing includes a battery, processor, a fluid manipulation unit and reservoirs, and a chemical species detection cell. A flow-through sampling head can be connected to the detection cell and a waste reservoir by flexible tubing sealingly connected at opposite ends of the tube. In one aspect, improved performance of the ion-selective sensor includes adding an ion-to-electron transfer interlayer between an ion-selective membrane and its working electrode. In one aspect, the sensor is solid-state and uses printed polymeric composite of POT-MoS2. The use of a porous tube for a sampling head and fluid connection at opposite ends allows not only fluid to be removed from the head to the detection cell for measurement but also flow in an opposite direction and out to a waste reservoir to clean and reset for a next sample measurement.