Abstract: Lubricating oil additives having both dispersant and antioxidant activity, particularly useful for incorporation in two-stroke petrol engine lubricating oil compositions, are produced when a dispersant having free >N-H groups, e.g. a substituted succinimide is reacted with an aldehyde and a compound having antioxidant activity containing in its molecular structure a group or groups capable of condensing with the aldehyde and >N-H groups present in the dispersant, thereby chemically bonding the compound to the dispersant. Representative antioxidants are mononuclear and polynuclear substituted phenols having at least one unsubstituted ortho- or para-position, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol and secondary aromatic amines. Typical reaction conditions are a temperature in the range 100.degree. to 175.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Synthetic lubricating oil composition having improved oxidation stability comprising a major portion of an aliphatic ester base oil having lubricating properties formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol and an organic monocarboxylic acid and containing an alkylphenyl or alkarylphenyl naphthylamine, a dialkyldiphenylamine, a polyhydroxyanthraquinone, a hydrocarbyl phosphate ester and a thiadiazole derivative mixture as hereinafter defined.

Abstract: Acetal and thioacetal derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or together are C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 alkylene, X and Y are identical or different and are each O or S and R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, carboxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkoxy)-carbonyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)-alkyl, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkylated carbamoyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)-alkyl or an ammonium salt of an amine with carboxymethyl or 2-carboxyethyl, or two R.sub.3 radicals of an acetal/thioacetal group together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene.

Abstract: A novel nitrogen and sulfur composition is prepared by the reaction of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole with a peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide. This nitrogen and sulfur composition may be reacted with polysulfides, mercaptans and amino compounds (especially oil-soluble, nitrogen-containing dispersants) to produce lubricant additives having decreased copper activity and a decreased tendency for "lead paint" deposition.

Abstract: An alkenethiophosphonic acid reaction product prepared by reacting an alkenethiophosphonic acid in which the alkene radical has a molecular weight in the range of 400 to 20,000 with a hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acid to form an intermediate reaction product, and reacting said intermediate reaction product with a polyamine, a polyol, or an alkanolamine to form said reaction product, and a lubricating oil composition containing said reaction product.

Abstract: Friction of internal combustion engines is reduced by using a formulated motor oil in the engine crankcase which contains a minor amount of an N-hydroxymethyl aliphatic hydrocarbylamide, e.g. N-hydroxymethyl oleamide. The additive can also be used in fuel.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions are stabilized against oxidative degradation by incorporating therein a minor effective amount of a reaction product produced from singlet oxygen and a hindered bis-p-methylphenol.

Abstract: Mannich additives formed from a 2,4- or 2,6-ditertiary alkyl "hindered" phenol, a polyamine, a formaldehyde-yielding reagent and at least one substantially hydrocarbon compound with at least one active or acidic hydrogen selected from the group consisting of a para mono-alkyl phenol, and an oxidized olefinic polymer, are improved Mannich additives for high temperature internal combustion engine lubrication.

Abstract: A process wherein a sulfur halide and an olefin reacted in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine provides an increased yield of an intermediate adduct with high olefin to sulfur halide ratio; said adduct is thereafter sulfurized with a metal sulfide to provide increased yield of a sulfurized olefin and, when a minor amount of sulfur halide is added to the adduct prior sulfurizing, a substantially increased yield of sulfurized olefin highly useful as a lubricant additive having improved copper corrosion properties is provided.

Abstract: An oil-soluble copolymer, useful as a pour point depressant for lubricating oils, is composed of about equimolar amounts of 1-olefins and maleic anhydride, said 1-olefins being a mixture comprising from about 25 to 75, preferably 30 to 55, mole percent of straight chain C.sub.20 -C.sub.24 1-olefins and from about 25 to 75, preferably 45 to 70, mole percent of C.sub.10 -C.sub.14 1-olefins.These useful copolymers are oil-soluble, essentially free of olefinic unsaturation and have a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 30,000. Pour point depressant activity of said copolymers is enhanced by esterification with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alcohol, e.g. 2-ethyl hexanol.The copolymers are usefully admixed with lubricants in an amount of from 0.01 to 3 wt. % based on the total weight of the admixture.

Abstract: An oil-soluble molybdenum complex of an ashless polyol ester dispersant, preferably of oil-soluble reaction product of a molybdenum compound such as molybdic acid with about 1 to 2 molar equivalents of a polyol ester of a hydrocarbon substituted diacid material such as polybutenyl succinic anhydride or a thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl substituted diacid material), such as thio-bis-(polyalkyl lactone acid) and/or their precursors, the adducts of sulfur chloride and unsaturated diacid materials, e.g., 4,8-bis-polyalkyl-4,8-dichloro-6-thiaundecane-1,2,10,11-tetracarboxylic acid bis-anhydride and their dehydrochlorinated analogs, is a useful additive to a lubricating oil since both the sludge dispersant and antifriction properties of said oil are enhanced.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid terminated diamides and alkali metal, ammonium or amine salts thereof are provided which are derived from the reaction of organic polycarboxylic acids and polyoxyalkylene diamines. The diamides have lubricating properties and are especially useful in aqueous metal working fluids.

Abstract: Thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl substituted diacid materials), such as thio-bis-(polyalkyl lactone acid) and/or their precursors, the adducts of sulfur chloride and unsaturated diacid materials, e.g., 4,8-bis-polyalkyl-4,8-dichloro-6-thiaundecane-1,2,10,11-tetracarboxylic acid bis-anhydride and their dehydrochlorinated analogs, when esterified with an alcohol, preferably a polyol, such as pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritol or a polyalkylene glycol with or without acid catalysts and/or metal template reagents yield thio-bis-(alkyl lactone acid esters) and thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl diacid esters) which can be characterized in part, as macrocyclic and/or macrocyclic-like structures, are useful as stable additives in lubricating compositions, e.g. as varnish inhibiting dispersants for lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: Engine fuel economy is improved by including in the crankcase oil a friction-reducing amount of an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl hydroxyalkylsulfinylsuccinimide or N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl hydroxyalkylsulfonylsuccinimide. The additives can also be added to the engine fuel.

Abstract: Metal working emulsion of the type oil-in-water, with good stability and unlimited dilutability, intended for use at deforming metal working, mainly machining by detachment of cuttings, but also suitable for deepdrawing and rolling. The emulsion is based on triglyceride oils and components of these. The emulsifying system consists of fatty acid monoglycerides and alkali soaps of fatty acids. The cooling and lubricating properties are further increased by the addition of fatty acids and an alkanolamine or fatty amine.

Abstract: Lubricating oil additives having both dispersant and viscosity-index improving properties are prepared by reacting terpolymers of ethylene, a C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 alpha-olefin, and a non-conjugated diene with maleic anhydride and certain polyamines.

Abstract: Hydrocracked lubricating oils are effectively stabilized against deterioration caused by light by the inclusion of at least one of certain nitrogen-containing aromatic components. Such components, e.g., dialkyl anilines, provide outstanding inhibition to sunlight deterioration.

Abstract: Novel lubricating oil polymer additives are obtained by the following:(1) by preparing, by anionic polymerization, a living diene polymer of an Mn of between about 20,000 and 300,000;(2) by functionalizing the said polymer by means of a non-polymerizable nitrogen compound having at least two <C--N=C> groups, such as the polypyridines, pyrimidine and its derivatives, pyrazine and its derivatives, 2,4,6-tri-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, dipyridyl sulfide, etc.; and(3) by hydrogenating the said functionalized polymer.A variant method of preparaing the said polymers comprises metalating the living polymer before functionalization; in accordance with this variant, the hydrogenation operation may take place before metalation or after functionalization.The said polymers can be used as additives which improve the viscosity index and the dispersing power of the lubricating oils. The amount of additive added is between about 0.1 and 10 percent by weight.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricant additive and a lubricant composition having improved demulsifying and anti-wear properties resulting from the addition thereto of such additive, which is made by reacting a partially esterified multifunctional alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide or a trihydrocarbyl phosphate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel composition formed from the reaction of (a) an alkylphenol; (b) sulfur; (c) an alkaline earth metal and (d) an olefin. The composition is useful as a lubricating oil additive and provides both oxidation and corrosion control.