Abstract: Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabricating and implementing electrochemical biosensors and chemical sensors. In one aspect, a method of producing an epidermal biosensor includes forming an electrode pattern onto a coated surface of a paper-based substrate to form an electrochemical sensor, the electrode pattern including an electrically conductive material and an electrically insulative material configured in a particular design layout, and attaching an adhesive sheet on a surface of the electrochemical sensor having the electrode pattern, the adhesive sheet capable of adhering to skin or a wearable item, in which the electrochemical sensor, when attached to the skin or the wearable item, is operable to detect chemical analytes within an external environment.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and systems for regulating a user's glucose levels. Systems comprise a processing unit in communication with a glucose monitor, an accelerometer, and a user interface. The glucose monitor generates glucose readings corresponding to the user's glucose levels and the accelerometer generates acceleration readings corresponding to the user's activity. The processing unit determines if the glucose readings indicate a glucose state and whether the acceleration readings indicate an activity state. If the glucose state and the activity state coincide, the processing unit sends a message to the user interface recommending a behavior that would influence the user's glucose level.

Abstract: An apparatus for in-vivo measuring H2O2 oxidation within a living tissue. The apparatus includes an electrochemical probe and an electrochemical stimulator-analyzer. The electrochemical probe includes a sensing part and a handle. The sensing part includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode includes a first biocompatible conductive needle coated with a layer of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The counter electrode includes a second biocompatible conductive needle. The reference electrode includes a third biocompatible conductive needle. The electrochemical stimulator-analyzer is configured to generate a set of electrical currents in a portion of the living tissue.

Abstract: A method of identifying alveolar ventilation (VA) in a subject, the method comprising: (1) using a breathing circuit which, at exhalation, keeps exhaled gas separate from inhaled gas and at inhalation, when a first gas set (FGS) flow is less than the subject's minute ventilation (VE), results in a subject inhaling FGS first and then a second gas set (SGS), for the balance of inhalation; (2) setting the FGS flow at a rate greater that VE; (3) measuring an end tidal CO2 concentration at a steady state; (4) progressively lowering the FGS flow until a time equal to a recirculation time of CO2 in the subject; and (5) deriving VA as the rate of FGS flow at the intersection between an average PETCO2 in a steady state and a line fit to the PETCO2 values after the rise in PETCO2 values begins until the recirculation time.

Abstract: There is provided a biological state monitoring system for monitoring biological state of subject on a bed. The system includes at least one load detector and a controller. In a case that the controller determines that body motion is not twitch, the controller ceases to output estimated value of respiratory rate, or outputs first estimated value which is the latest among estimated values obtained in first period, the first period being directly preceding body motion and being determined by the controller to be a period in which subject has no body motion. In a case that the controller determines that body motion is twitch, the controller successively outputs newly obtained estimated values of respiratory rate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for classifying breathing disorders of subjects are based on the respiratory response to a change in a pressure level of a pressurized flow of breathable gas. The change presents a breathing challenge to a subject. The challenge may be limited to the inspiratory breathing phase. The inspiratory pressure level may be lower than the expiratory pressure level during challenges.

Abstract: A biopsy device is configured such that: a first retraction of a charge handle moves a cannula slide and a sampling slide in unison in a proximal direction to charge and retain a sampling spring in a charged state, and to charge a vacuum system; a first return of the charge handle returns the charge handle to a home position; a second retraction of the charge handle moves the charge handle to a retracted position; a second return of the charge handle to the home position moves the cannula slide to charge a cannula retract spring and retain the cannula retract spring in a charged state; and a third retraction of the charge handle moves the carriage assembly as a whole in the proximal direction to charge a prime pierce spring and to retain the prime pierce spring in a charged state.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating cognitive function of a patient. The apparatus has a physiological monitor adapted to output physiological measurements of a given bodily function of the patient, wherein the bodily function is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the patient; a cognitive exercise evaluator adapted to obtain performance information of the patient when carrying out a cognitive exercise with a given difficulty; a general-purpose processor; and computer-readable memory adapted to store program code for evaluating the cognitive function of the patient, the program code comprising instructions to receive the physiological measurements and the performance information, and provide an evaluation of the cognitive function of the patient.

Abstract: An electrochemical system for cancer diagnosis. The electrochemical system includes a sensor configured to be put in contact with a sample suspected to be cancerous, an electrochemical stimulator-analyzer, a processor electrically connected to the electrochemical stimulator-analyzer, and an array of electrically conductive connectors connecting the sensor to the electrochemical stimulator-analyzer.

Abstract: The design and structure of a physiological fluid collection bag with instant data transmission capabilities, utilizing a micromachined thermal time-of-flight flow sensor as well as integrated pH and calorimetric mass flow sensors for simultaneous and continuous measurement of the instant volumetric flow rate, accumulated total volume, pH and density of data of a collected fluid is disclosed in embodiments. The fluid collection bag includes a collection chamber and storage chamber wherein the sensors are installed inside the storage chamber of the bag and the bag is fully disposable. The fluid collection bag is able to measure the flow rate and instantly relay the data to a reusable data processing unit that can transmit the data to a designated data center or to medical staff.

Abstract: An electrochemical probe for in-vivo measurement of H2O2 oxidation within a living tissue. The electrochemical probe includes a sensing part and a handle. The sensing part includes a working electrode including a first biocompatible conductive needle, a counter electrode including a second biocompatible conductive needle, and a reference electrode including a third biocompatible conductive needle. The working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode are configured to be put in contact with the living tissue by inserting the sensing part into the living tissue. The handle includes an insertion part that may be configured to insert the sensing part into the living tissue. The sensing part is attached to the insertion part.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide compositions useful in analyte sensors as well as methods for making and using such compositions and sensors. In typical embodiments of the invention, the sensor is a glucose sensor comprising an analyte modulating membrane formed from a polymer composition having carbonate and aromatic isocyanate chains, a composition observed to provide such membranes with improved material properties such as enhanced thermal and hydrolytic stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for diagnosing, screening or monitoring a disease by analyzing the breath of a test subject using a selected definitive sensor set in conjunction with a pattern recognition analyzer, wherein the pattern recognition analyzer receives output signals of the sensor set, compares them to disease-specific patterns derived from a database of response patterns of the sensor set to exhaled breath of subjects with known diseases, wherein each of the disease-specific patterns is characteristic of a particular disease, and selects a closest match between the output signals of the sensor set and the disease-specific pattern.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed herein for a system configured to determine a position of a brain monitoring user device, and a brain state of a user. Based on the determined position and the determined brain state, the system provides access to a set of media guidance application operations corresponding to the determined brain state and to brain regions corresponding to the determined position of the brain monitoring user device.

Abstract: A portable device includes: an ECG detection circuitry configured to detect an ECG signal of a user; a pulse detection circuitry configured to detect a pulse wave signal of the user; an identity determination circuitry configured to determine identity information about the user; and a blood pressure calculation circuitry connected to the ECG detection circuitry, the pulse detection circuitry and the identity determination circuitry, storing therein a plurality of blood pressure calculation models, and configured to select a blood pressure calculation model corresponding to the identity information about the user among the plurality of blood pressure calculation models in accordance with the identity information, and perform calculation to acquire a blood pressure signal of the user using the selected blood pressure calculation model in accordance with the ECG signal and the pulse wave signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a birthing sensor (1) for mounting on the tail of a pregnant animal. The birthing sensor comprises a casing (3) and an adjustable strap (5) for securing the casing to the tail of the pregnant animal. The casing houses monitoring equipment, communication equipment and a power supply. There is provided a padding insert (7, 37, 47) for location between the casing, the strap and the animal's tail. The padding insert comprises a sheet of resiliently deformable material, such as rubber, having a plurality of ventilation passageways formed therein. The ventilation passageways allow passage of air over the cow's tail underneath the sensor and further allow escape of urine and faeces from under the sensor. The passageways may be formed by having a plurality of upstanding bosses (9) on the surface of the padding insert and the passageways are the spaces between these upstanding bosses (9).

Abstract: A method and device for removal of artifacts in physiological measurements. The method comprising the steps of obtaining a physiological signal of a user; obtaining corresponding motion data representative of motion of the user; detecting two or more motion cycles in the motion data; constructing a noise reference based on segments of the physiological signal corresponding to the two or more motion cycles respectively, and filtering the physiological signal with the noise reference.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses (10) for detecting body-related temperature changes are provided. The method comprises measuring a skin-surface temperature at a first temperature sensor element (12) at a measuring rate (S21) and measuring an ambient temperature at a second temperature sensor element (13) at the measuring rate (S22). The method also comprises calculating a plurality of first change rates for the skin-surface temperature and a plurality of second change rates for the ambient temperature over a time interval (S23). The method further comprises determining, based on the plurality of first change rates and the plurality of second change rates, whether an ambient temperature change rate is faster than a skin-surface temperature change rate by a threshold (S24). The method additionally comprises selecting whether or not to trigger an alarm based on a result of the determining (S25). With the methods and apparatuses (10), the number of false alarms may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A physiological detection device includes an array sensor and a processing unit. The array sensor is configured to output array photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. The processing unit is configured to construct a 3D energy distribution, and identify an arc-like pattern in the 3D energy distribution according to the array PPG signals to accordingly identify different microcirculation states and an attaching status.

Abstract: Arterial diastolic pressure of a patient can be estimated using ventricular pressure information of a heart of the patient and heart sound information of the heart of the patient, such as a timing of at least one of a first heart sound (S1) or a second heat sound (S2), in certain examples, adjusted by a respective correction factor.