Abstract: A device for hardening an Ethernet switch is disclosed. The device provides cooling for the switch, and, suppresses electrical transients and electromagnetic interference, which could affect the power supply, and data transmission of the Ethernet switch. Using this device, the Ethernet switch can be used in harsh industrial environments, such as those present in power utility substations.

Abstract: A power management IC including a dual purpose pin, a fault detection system, and a fault signature system. The dual purpose pin performs a power management function during normal operation (e.g., a soft start pin coupled to an external capacitor, a set pin coupled to an external resistor, a frequency set pin coupled to a resistor-capacitor combination, etc.). The fault detection system senses any of multiple fault conditions and provides a corresponding fault indicator signal, each indicating a corresponding fault condition. The fault signature system generates a selected fault signature signal on the dual purpose pin, where each fault signature signal has a characteristic indicative of a corresponding fault condition. Thus, an existing pin on the IC is re-used to indicate the fault condition. The fault signature signal may be a unique voltage level, a unique charging rate, a unique frequency signal, or any a combination thereof.

Abstract: A protective apparatus for protecting electric device connected to an AC circuit from being damaged at a time of misconnection between a live line and a neutral line thereof. The protective apparatus includes a detector, a controller, and an alarm. The detector is connected between the neutral line and the earth line. The controller is connected between the live line and the neutral line and includes a DPDT switch. Two blades of the switch switchably connected to the electric device and the alarm. The detector includes a voltage grading circuit, a rectifier-filter, a detect circuit, and an isolating circuit. Once misconnection between the live line and the neutral line occurs, an abnormal voltage is transformed by the detector to a stable DC power output, which drives the controller to disconnect the device from the live line and the neutral line and activate the alarm.

Abstract: The electrostatic chuck 101 where pairs of electrodes 3a/3b, 4a/4b and 5a/5b to which voltages are applied are embedded in the main body 1, and where a substrate 110 is placed and held on the surface of the main body 1, includes a first electrode group constituted of one pair or more of electrodes 3a/3b arranged in a center region 41 inside the main body 1, and a second electrode group constituted of one pair or more of electrodes 4a/4b and 5a/5b arranged in outer peripheral portions 42 and 43 surrounding the center region 41.

Abstract: A high frequency integrated circuit (IC) pad configuration includes a first IC pad, an inductor, and a second IC pad. The first IC pad is directly coupled to input or output a high frequency signal, wherein no electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuitry is directly coupled to the first IC pad. The inductor includes a first node and a second node, wherein the first node of the inductor is directly coupled to the first IC pad, and wherein the inductor has a high impedance with respect to a desired input or desired output impedance of the first IC pad at frequencies of the high frequency signal. The second IC pad is directly coupled to a power connection, to the second node of the inductor, and to an ESD protection circuit, wherein the inductor and the ESD protection circuit of the second IC pad substantially provides ESD protection for the first IC pad.

Abstract: A plasma is generated inside a barrier enclosure made specifically of N-Type semiconductive material, said plasma thus generating a thermal gradient across said barrier which drives electrons through said barrier via the thermoelectric power of said N-Type semiconductor, said electrons thus being liberated on the opposing side of said barrier where they interact with oxygen in the air to form the superoxide ion, O2?, and a second electrode on said opposing being at a critical minimum negative bias potential to quench collateral production of positive ions and ensuring production only of negative, O2?, ions.

Abstract: There is described a method for controlling an electric motor comprising an operating relay having relay windings with respective first and second relay contacts and a control means, which motor via current conductors is connected to said relay and a power source wherein an operator by using said control means controls the application of current to the motor armature or rotor and field coil(s) or field magnet(s), monitoring devices are provided which sense indicating parameters that are compared with respective corresponding reference values in a safety function unit in order to determine whether the contacts of the operating relay are mistakenly in the on position, and if one of the contacts is the on position, ensures the switching on of at least the other one of the relay contacts so that the current application to the motor is interrupted and the motor stops.

Abstract: The present invention comprises using an electrode (107) arranged with a small gap or opening (108) placed in parallel with an electrically sensitive component (105) and housed with a gas inside an enclosure (100) to form a discharge gap. Such configurations may protect against low level voltage spikes, but in so doing, do not significantly add input capacitance.

Abstract: A power supply with surge voltage control functions. The power supply has a rectifying unit rectifying a voltage of an AC power source externally applied; a fuse resistor inputting and applying the AC power source to the rectifying unit, and cutting off the voltage of the AC power source exceeding a predetermined value; a pulse generation unit driven by an output voltage of the rectifying unit, and generating a pulse having a predetermined period; a transformer driven by the pulse, and inducing a predetermined ac voltage; and a surge voltage control unit turning on by an ac voltage induced by the transformer to form a current path between the AC power source and the rectification unit, wherein the current path is formed between the AC power source and the rectifying unit via the fuse resistor when the output voltage of the rectifying unit exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A magnetic guiding apparatus guides a moving member by attracting a target with electromagnets provided on the moving member. The magnetic guiding apparatus has a magnetic-flux detection device movable along the target to detect magnetic flux of the target and a position measuring unit measures the position of the magnetic-flux detection device. A control unit detects the position of magnetic flux in the target from the position information obtained by the position measuring unit and the magnetic-flux information obtained from the magnetic-flux detection device and performs demagnetization at the detected magnetic flux position.

Abstract: A method and a system for detecting stand-alone operation of a distributed generating system having a generating source connected in shunt with an independent power distribution system via a first branch breaker are proposed. A voltage or a frequency signal on the independent power distribution system is read. The wavelet transformation is performed on the voltage or frequency signal to form a time versus high-frequency component window and a time versus low-frequency component window for conveniently detecting the perturbation in the time domain of the signal. Next, whether the absolute value of the high-frequency component is greater than a threshold value and whether the duration is longer than another threshold value are determined. If both answers are yes, a stand-alone operation occurs. An alarm signal is immediately generated and sent to the first branch breaker to release the connection between the generating source and the power distribution system.

Abstract: A device for magnetizing a magnet system preferably having several pulse-generator circuits which are mutually arranged so that their magnetic fields superimpose in a cumulative manner. Each pulse-generator circuit includes a capacitor element, a magnetization coil electrically connected to the capacitor element and a switch element by way of which actuation the magnetization coil can be impinged with a current pulse of a limited pulse duration arising by the discharge of the capacitor element, and thus the build-up of a magnetic field may be triggered. The pulse-generator circuit is built up so that the pulse duration of the current pulse is limited to a value between 10 ?s and 500 ?s. With such short pulse durations, undesirable heating of the magnetization coil is short so that the device may be applied in automatic production installations with cycle times of below 1 s.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control circuit of power supply with selectable current-limiting modes. Via a select circuit in the control circuit of the power supply of the present invention, the user himself can select and switch the operating mode of the current-limiting compare circuit to be one to one, one to multiple, multiple to multiple, or multiple to one mode in order to enable the loads to be compared by an individual set or integrated sets of current-limiting compare circuits; thereby, according to the power usage conditions of the various combinations of the loads, the user himself can select and switch the current-limiting mode in just a single power supply of the present invention, and further, the manufacturer is needless to fabricate variant specifications of power supplies.

Abstract: Switch card apparatus are disclosed. In one embodiment, a circuit includes a first portion having a first switch adapted to be coupled to a first voltage, a second portion including a second switch, and a third portion including a third switch. The first portion activates the first switch to couple the first voltage to the second portion. Similarly, the second portion activates the second switch in response to a second input signal and the first voltage to couple a second voltage to the third portion. Finally, the third portion activates the third switch in response to a third input signal and in response to the second voltage from the second portion to couple a control voltage to a load. Embodiments of the invention provide the desired reliability suitable for a variety of electrical systems, including arming and firing applications over a wide voltage and wide current range.

Abstract: Apparatus are provided for robust power take off (PTO) and/or cruise enable. The apparatus includes a control module for PTO enable having a first input connected to one of a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage, and a second input connected to one of the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage. An inverse reference voltage operator is connected to both of the inputs and configured such that the second input is connected to the second reference voltage when the first input is connected to the first reference voltage and the second input is connected to the first reference voltage when the first input is connected to the second reference voltage. Based on the received voltage at the first and second inputs, the control module enables/disables PTO and/or cruise.

Abstract: Power switches are provided with measures for preventing a recommendation of the arc from the secondary current path to the main current path and/or measures for returning the current limiter during the recommutation of the light art. A corresponding arrangement for carrying out the method is provided with means in the power switch and/or current limiter for preventing a switch failure of the current limiter disposed in the secondary current path of the power switch. The current limiter can be especially a PTC current limiter.

Abstract: An inner electrode formed inside a dielectric body and a surface electrode formed on a surface of the dielectric body. The surface electrode is formed in a grid pattern with pointed parts formed inside the grid section. Each pointed part is in the shape of a triangle whose vertices are two arbitrary points on a side of the grid section and an arbitrary point inside the grid section, or a quadrangle whose vertices are a crossing of grid lines, an arbitrary point near a straight line connecting crossings of grid lines in the diagonal positions, and two arbitrary points on sides of the grid section. An ion generating element is formed which can generate positive ions and negative ions. The ion generator can be used in an air conditioning apparatus, cleaner or refrigerator.

Abstract: When the overcurrent detection circuit detects that a voltage drop of the output transistor exceeds a threshold value, it turns on the switch by the first operational amplifier. In the shut-down signal generation circuit, the capacitor is charged with a charge current determined based on a current depending on the voltage drop of the output transistor. The shut-down signal generation circuit generates a shut-down signal to turn off the output switch when a voltage of the capacitor exceeds a voltage of the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier.

Abstract: The system includes a distance protective relay for power lines which includes a logic capability which is responsive to settings entered into the relay by an end user to implement the value of those settings into stored thermal model equations which emulate the temperature of the power line conductor. The logic within the relay is organized and has the capability of receiving the setting values entered by the user and to use those in the logic equations to determine the temperature of the conductor.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having a transistor device and over-voltage protection circuitry. The transistor device is implemented in a technology having a specified operating-voltage range, the transistor device having gate, drain, source, and tub nodes, and the specified operating-voltage range having a specified maximum voltage. The over-voltage protection circuitry is adapted to apply gate and tub voltages to the gate and tub nodes, respectively. If at least one channel voltage applied to at least one of the drain and source nodes exceeds the specified maximum voltage, then the over-voltage protection circuitry controls at least one of the gate voltage and the tub voltage to inhibit one or more adverse effects to the transistor device.