Abstract: A smoke ring device that permits the user to create through an outlet on the housing thereof a series of smoke rings created from a fine powder by generating means contained within the housing having associated therewith pumping means for manually obtaining an air current flow relative to the fine powder to form puffs of powder in an air passage contained within the housing. Deflecting means is mounted within the housing adjacent the outlet and communicating with the air passage for creating air turbulence in a direction to lift the powder from the container and form a smoke ring when exiting from the outlet.

Abstract: A dual temperature extraction apparatus comprising a hot and cold tower with liquid and gas streams passing in countercurrent deuterium exchange relation therein, the gas being recycled from the top of the cold tower to the bottom of the hot tower, a humidifier section through which the said recycled gas stream and also the liquid stream from the hot tower passes, a dehumidifier between hot and cold tower through which both gas and liquid streams pass, means for heat exchange between humidifier and dehumidifier, means for heating cold inlet feed liquid and feeding it to the system at the top of the dehumidifier section at a point between the liquid outlet of the hot tower and the liquid input to the humidifier, means for recovering heat from a first portion of the liquid stream leaving the humidifier and passing the stream to waste, means for recycling a second portion of the liquid stream leaving the humidifier to the top of the cold tower, said humidifier section comprising a humidifier recycle section and

Abstract: Device for crucible-free zone melting a crystalline rod, end-supported by holders, one of the holders being rotatable about the longitudinal axis thereof, includes an induction heating coil disposed between the end holders and coaxial to the longitudinal axis, the induction heating coil being energizable for heating a molten zone formed in the crystalline rod and comprising at least one winding disposed in a single plane, and a connecting lead to the induction heating coil, the connecting lead being formed as a partial winding and disposed outside the plane on a side thereof facing the rotatable holder; and method of operating the device.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide containing soluble impurities such as a concentrated catholyte produced by a diaphragm electrolysis is cooled by a coolant or a heat-exchanger to form a slurry containing sodium hydroxide hydrate crystals and fine impurity crystals. The fine impurity crystals are adsorbed on bubbles which are formed by vaporizing a dissolved coolant or introducing a gas in the slurry and separated from the slurry.

Abstract: This device comprises a filtering cartridge of soda-lime capable of removing carbon dioxide from a gas flow, this cartridge being provided with means substantially compensating for any decrease in the water content of the soda-lime.

Abstract: Stable test strips for the detection of components in liquids, for example blood, ketone bodies and nitrates in urine, includes two indicator layers one of which is a water-soluble paper.

Abstract: A waste liquor treatment system comprising an evaporator in combination with a gas cooler, said evaporator providing fractional distillation of waste liquor, thereby separating the liquor into its several components of gaseous vapors, purified water and concentrated brine and said gas cooler providing thermal energy from its waste heat to run the evaporator. The evaporator consists of a boiler section, a condenser section, a vacuum pump, a liquor circulating pump and nozzles for extracting the products. The gas cooler may be one or two stage. In the one stage cooler, the hot liquor which condenses in the gas cooling process provides energy for the evaporator through means of a heat exchanger. In the two stage gas cooler, the hot liquor in the first stage is circulated directly to the boiler section of the evaporator. The hot liquor from the second stage is circulated through a separate heat exchanger.

Abstract: Device for supporting a crystalline rod during crucible-free zone melting ich comprises a zone-drawing apparatus, a rotating shaft in said apparatus, means for fastening the shaft in the apparatus, a screw bolt mounted for rotation with the shaft, the top end of the screw bolt having a bore for receiving a seed crystal, two or more swivel arms mounted adjacent to the bore and capable of being opened and closed, a ring coaxially surrounding the bolt and means for vertically moving the ring.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering flux salt and recycling or reusing the same in an aluminum refining method by introducing salt brine into a cylindrical evaporator with hot evaporator gas, rotating the evaporator to expose the brine to the hot gas and removing the slurry from the evaporator.

Abstract: A method and structure for protection of metals subject to corrosion by acidic gases. Metals are enclosed within an air-confining structure with a black sorbent thermoset foam, highly sorbtive of acidic vapors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the diameter of single crystals grown by the Czochralski process in which an infrared sensor determines the temperatures of the melt adjacent to the crystal and a control circuit compares an average of these temperatures to a reference temperature to provide an error signal which controls the inductive heating of the melt.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for batch type sterilization of the type wherein sealed packages to be sterilized are charged into a sterilizing tank, steam is admitted into the tank, and then cooling water is admitted into the tank for cooling the sterilized packages, there is provided a heat storage tank which is heated by steam from an independent boiler for supplying steam to the sterilizing tank during the heating up step and subsequent sterilizing step which is effected at a constant temperature. During the cooling step, cooling water is admitted into the sterilizing tank from the top and bottom thereof and the cooling water in the lower portion is sprayed into the upper portion by means of a circulating pump.

Abstract: An ocatane analyzer for monitoring the octane of a gasoline stream in which a sample of the gasoline stream is periodically injected into a reactor containing oxygen and maintained at a temperature at which mild reaction results. The timer required for initiation of the mild reaction or the severity of the mild reaction is measured and correlated with octane number. Means are provided to charge a reproducible sample into the reaction by maintaining the sample under a pressure holding it in the liquid phase and delivering it into a chamber in which the pressure is reduced to cause vaporization of the sample. The chamber is packed with finely divided material that holds gasoline in the liquid phase in the chamber.

Abstract: A method of making nickel zinc ferrite by liquid-phase epitaxial growth at constant temperature ferrite thin films having desired magnetic properties can easily be formed by preparing the metal oxide melt components from which the ferrite thin films are epitaxially crystallized. The ferrite thin films are suitable for various electronic parts.

Abstract: A construction and design of coke-oven plant to handle fumes occurring in coke-oven plants, particularly those which are emitted during the pressing of coke from a coke-oven, and which subsequently arise from the coke quenching truck during transportation of the coke to the quenching tower. A deflector apron extends downwardly from the roof towards the quenching truck trackway, to trap fumes in the roof space behind the apron. An extractor duct extends lengthwise of the battery close to the roof, and control means establishes progressive communication between the extractor duct and successive regions of the roof space as the quenching truck passes therebetween.

Abstract: A thin layer of semiconductor material with an extremely smooth surface can be grown on a substrate by liquid phase epitaxy. When the growing solution contacts the surface of the substrate, the substrate is at a lower temperature than the solution. The temperature difference should be less than 1.degree. C and depends upon the desired degree of smoothness. Both the substrate and the solution are then cooled to permit deposition of the layer.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, melting block sulfur to avoid contamination of the environment by sulfur dust employ a heating element having a plurality of flow passages formed by pipe sections in a generally planar array, with a steam inlet and a condensate outlet enabling steam to be flowed through the passages. The underside of the heating element has a flow surface adjacent one edge thereof, and a suspension is provided for lowering the heating element onto the sulfur block with the heating element downwardly inclined towards that edge and with the edge projecting beyond the sulfur block so that molten sulfur adhering by surface tension to the flow surface flows beyond the sulfur block and drops into a collecting trough.

Abstract: Large, doped crystal ingots are grown in a Stockbarger furnace from a melt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt using very slow oscillation (1 - 2 cycles per minute) of the ingot through a small arc of 5.degree. -20.degree. to produce an ingot having a more even distribution of dopant and an absence of open boundaries between macrocrystals within the ingot.

Abstract: By freezing wet carbon black pellets, clusters of such pellets can be easily broken apart and the frozen pellets can be submitted to a strong screening action without undue production of carbon black fines which would cause a reduction in process efficiency.

Abstract: The method of refining, or growing, bulk single crystals in which the base material is suspended, positioned, and shaped as a containerless melt by wetting forces in an environment substantially free of gravity.