Abstract: In apparatus for the preparation of a semiconductor compound such as gallium phosphide using the Bridgman method in a horizontal system equipped with a heating device and disposed in a pressure vessel, the reaction tube is mounted in a stationary fashion in a reaction boat and the heating device supported so that it is moveable in the direction of the horizontal axis of the system to permit synthesis of the semiconductor compound along with zone melting and drawing of single crystals. A light guide having its free end arranged below the reaction tube is mounted to the heating device for movement therewith and is used to measure the temperature at the reaction boat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for judging the purity of a purified zinc sulphate solution used for the electrolytic production of zinc, which are based on the finding that the purity of the purified electrolyte has a fixed relationship with the ratio between the amount of hydrogen gas and the amount of oxygen gas generated by electrolysis of the purified electrolyte. According to the method and apparatus, a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas generated by the electrolysis of the purified zinc sulphate solution is charged in a combustion chamber of predetermined volume and ignited by a heater to ignite the hydrogen gas, and the difference between the internal pressures of the combustion chamber before and after the combustion of the hydrogen gas is detected for measuring the hydrogen gas content in the gas mixture.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for growing neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystals from a melt containing constituent oxides, lead oxide, lead fluoride, and boron trioxide. By subjecting the melt to a controlled temperature cycle while maintaining a temperature gradient in the melt, large size, high quality crystals are obtained. Crystals produced by the disclosed method are suited for laser application.

Abstract: A device for use in carrying out immunodiffusion having a trough for accommodating a substrate and one or more wells in communication with the trough whereby a first immunological reagent when located in said well may diffuse into the substrate to react with a second immunological reagent dispersed in said substrate.

Abstract: In carrying out the method of sampling gas with our novel apparatus, a user will blow air into an elastic fluid impervious diaphragm which extends into the mouth of a rigid container. As the elastic diaphragm expands inwardly it forces air or gas outwardly of the container through a valve-controlled port, the diaphragm will eventually engage and adhere to substantially the entire inner surface of the container and the valve-controlled port will then be closed. The container will then be placed in a sampling zone and the valve-controlled port will again be opened to communicate with the sampling zone to thereby permit gas to enter and fill the container. The valve-controlled port will then be closed.

Abstract: A dual temperature final enrichment system which, e.g., can effect the further enrichment of the previously augmented deuterium content of water from a concentration of 1 mol percent to a desired concentration of up to 99.8 mol percent; and a product finishing system which can remove dissolved contaminants from such enriched water to provide a high purity product.

Abstract: System and method for reproducibly analyzing, both qualitatively and quantitatively, trace amounts of a large number of organic volatiles existing in a gas sample. Applications include (1) analyzing the headspace gas of body fluids and comparing a profile of the oganic volatiles with standard profiles for the detection and monitoring of disease, (2) analyzing the headspace gas of foods and beverages and comparing a profile of the organic volatiles with standard profiles so that flavor and aroma can be monitored and controlled, and (3) similar analysis for determining the organic pollutants in samples of water and air.The system includes a novel means (sample trap) for capturing and enriching the organic volatiles, a novel injector port for directly injecting the entrapped organic volatiles to a cryogenic percolumn to provide a sharply defined plug, and a novel capillary separating column. Various detectors may be utilized to identify the separated volatiles.

Abstract: A liquid sample analyzer having a first fixed-volume chamber into which a first liquid is flowed filling it for subsequent displacement of the liquid volume therefrom by a second liquid into a substantially larger second fixed-volume chamber through a first port thereof, the second liquid acting as a pilot fluid. Prior to such liquid volume displacement from the first chamber, the second chamber, having an overflow outlet at a location remote with respect to the first port, is washed out and filled to an overflow level by a flow of the second liquid entering the second chamber through a second port.

Abstract: A longitudinal epitaxial growth device for making a mixed crystal of III.sub.b -V.sub.b group intermetallic compound semiconductor in which a means for inverting the reaction gas flow is disposed between the gallium source and the substrate, the height of the device is reduced, and the length of the gas mixing band is made sufficiently long.

Abstract: A charging car supports a plurality of hoppers in a manner such that two hoppers for supplying coal to adjacent charging holes are supported one after the other in a consecutive relationship along a line which is generally parallel to movement by the charging car. A conveyor conducts coal from each hopper to a telescopic charging tube which communicates with the charging hole in the roof of a coking chamber. Skirt-like walls enclose the sides of the spaces containing two of the hoppers to conduct smoke and other gases upwardly toward a roof which is supported by stanchions at each side of the battery of coke ovens. In one embodiment, two roof sections extend from the sides of a battery of coke ovens toward the center thereof. Gas-conducting mains receive gases via outlet pipes having control valves from the spaces beneath the roofs.

Abstract: A product employable in chemical working operations, for instance pipetting, where one or several devices are moved between, inserted into and withdrawn from a plurality of liquid containers arranged in a row, with the product preventing undesirable transfer of liquid between the containers. The product includes a layer of an absorbent material covering the openings into the liquid containers and closely engaging the devices to wipe off and clean their exteriors. The layer of absorbent material is fixed to a supporting layer provided with oval holes arranged to register with the openings into the liquid containers.

Abstract: A method of growing sapphire crystals from the melt wherein a porous alumina raw material is used to replenish the melt during growth. The porous alumina is subjected to a high temperature, low pressure environment to remove adsorbed water and oxygen which, if allowed to enter the melt, would result in poor monocrystals. A sequence of steps is provided which allows a simultaneous outgassing of one charge of porous alumina and a continuous replenishing of the melt with porous alumina of a previously outgassed charge. The previously outgassed charge of alumina must be handled in a system devoid of water and oxygen to avoid readsorption of the impurities.

Abstract: In the Czochralsky method of crystal growing, a crystal or ingot is pulled from a melt. The control of the present invention will find particular application in the Czochralsky pulling of large crystals such as those of silicon which typically are 40 inches long and 3 inches in diameter. The control assures a uniform diameter over the entire length of the crystal as well as avoids the formation of "flats" on the surface of the crystal. This is achieved by optically sighting the crystal melt interface and adjusting the sighting for variations in melt level.

Abstract: Crystals are grown in a column through which a supersaturated solution flows upwardly while large crystals having one dimension substantially greater than another dimension taken from the bottom of the column are fractured externally of the column and the fractured particles are returned to the upper end of the column where fines are separated from larger seed type particles.

Abstract: An improved device and method for liquid storage and analysis. The device comprises a receptacle defining a U-shaped compartment for a first open-ended branch and a second closed branch. A reaction zone in which the liquid will react with a reagent during analysis is located at the bight interconnecting the branches. The opening in the first branch constitutes a liquid inlet. A wall portion of the second branch spaced from the reaction zone is of self-sealing material which is punctured to release gas from the compartment and to aspirate liquid into the first branch. The material subsequently forms a fluid-tight seal. A wall portion of the body adjacent the reaction zone is made of light-permeable material so that the reaction or the result of the reaction can be optically analyzed. A plurality of such compartments can be provided with a chamber interconnecting the extreme ends of the second branches. A common wall portion of self-sealing material can then be provided for some or all of the compartments.

Abstract: Method of reducing NO.sub.2 to NO with a granular mixture of ferrous sulfate and an alkaline hydrogen sulfate in a molar ratio of 3:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: A container for a solution containing heteropolyacid ions, at least that surface of the container which makes contact with the solution containing heteropolyacid ions selected from the group consisting of silicotungstic acid, borotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid and phosphomolybdic acid and being made of an alloy comprising 2 to 7% by weight of nickel, 19 to 27% by weight of chromium, not more than 0.5% by weight of carbon and the remainder being iron and minor elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for melting ice incidental to a freezing process for water desalination. Mechanical energy otherwise required to pump super heat in the compressed refrigerant vapor is conserved and rate of ice melting in the melter-washer reduced by providing an auxiliary blower for recycling uncondensed refrigerant vapor around the melter and providing for removal of net uncondensable refrigerant vapor to the secondary compressor from a point between the freezer and melter.

Abstract: A weight is attached to a conically shaped hollow member which rests on the top of a bed of particulate material in a tube, with the weight functioning to prevent fluidization of the material in the tube. The conical member is provided with elongated slots whereby fluid exiting from the bed flows into the interior of the hollow member, through the slots and into the tube outlet.

Abstract: A rotary kiln coal gasification process capable of processing caking coals wherein controlled agglomeration of the coal is permitted without adverse process effects. Caking coals have an agglomerating temperature range and while in this range the coal is in a semi-plastic state which causes individual particles to stick together on contact and form agglomerates. After passing through this agglomerating temperature range, during which most volatiles and tars are removed, a temperature is reached where the coal particles become less sticky and, with sufficient agitation and maintenance of bed temperature, the agglomerates will break up. In this process the temperature of the coal is increased at an accelerated rate to cause it to quickly pass through the agglomerating temperature range before excessive agglomeration occurs and adversely affects desired material flow through the kiln.