Abstract: A sound dampening assembly adapted to engage an exhaust pipe in an automotive engine exhaust system adjacent an outlet of an internal combustion engine. The assembly includes a bottle portion having a single opening and an interior defining a predetermined amount of volume and a neck portion having a first end attached to the opening of the bottle portion and extending from the bottle portion. The neck portion is in fluid communication with the bottle portion interior and includes a second end adapted to be attached to the exhaust pipe. The neck portion has an interior defining a predetermined amount of volume and the bottle portion and the neck portion are sized to attenuate vibration at a predetermined frequency in the exhaust system.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic chuck in which the surface can be kept smooth after being exposed to plasma, so as to protect a material to be clamped such as a silicon wafer from being contaminated with particles, and which is excellent in clamping and releasing a material to be clamped. According to the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic chuck comprising a dielectric material in which alumina is 99.4 wt % or more, titanium oxide is more than 0.2 wt % and equal to or less than 0.6 wt %, whose average particle diameter is 2 ?m or less, and whose volume resistivity is 108-1011 ?cm in room temperature, wherein the electrostatic chuck is used in a low temperature of 100° C. or less.

Abstract: Performance Test Board for connecting at least one device under test (DUT) to a test system which has internal power supply sources (IPS) wherein said Performance Test Board (PTB) comprises at least one DC-DC-converter having an input terminal to which several internal power supply sources of said test system are connected in parallel, an output terminal to which a power supply terminal of said device under test (DUT) is connected and a control terminal to which a further internal power supply source of said test system is connected.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement and also a method for controlling a bistable magnetic valve in which a magnetic valve is to be supplied with a pulse of electrical current in order to switch over the magnetic valve from a first stable state into a second stable state, comprises a power supply source to provide a supply voltage, a power supply device fed by the power supply source and able to be activated for the duration of the current pulse by an entered control signal (Enable) to create a coil current (I) flowing through the magnetic coil, with the coil current (I) being set to a setpoint, where changeover means are provided in order to reduce the setpoint of the coil current during the current pulse. This advantageously allows the power dissipation of the activation of bistable magnetic valves to be reduced.

Abstract: A voltage regulator has an output circuit for producing from an input voltage a predetermined output voltage to be supplied to a load, an overcurrent protection circuit for preventing overcurrent in the output circuit, a memory for storing control information fed from outside, and an adjustment circuit for adjusting the level at which the overcurrent protection circuit detects overcurrent according to the control information read from the memory. With this configuration, it is possible to accurately detect overcurrent by canceling factors such as individual variations in the characteristics of the circuit components, the influence of stress occurring when the regulator IC is packaged, and fabrication-associated variations in the load.

Abstract: An electrical system comprised of at least two control modules as well as at least one power supply module. The present invention improves functional reliability of electrical systems by configuring a power supply module as a smart device and connecting it to at least one of the control modules for the purpose of data exchange and, in case of a malfunction, transforming the control module(s) to one of a stand-alone operating mode and a cut-off state.

Abstract: A method for detecting line under frequency (LUF) events and initializing load shedding of loads located near the electrical disturbance without customer and utility intervention is disclosed. In one example embodiment, the LUF detection system measures the time period of each power line cycle and then compares the measured time period to a utility-configurable trigger period. If the cycle length is greater than or equal to the trigger period, a counter is incremented. If the cycle is less than the trigger period, the counter is decremented. If the counter is incremented to a counter trigger, an under-frequency condition is detected and the LUF response either controls the load or temporarily disconnects it. A restore response is initialized after the frequency rises above a restore value and an under-frequency counter counts down to zero.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a reverse phase control power switching circuit for controlling the flow of current through a load from an AC source comprises a sensing bridge in series with the load and the AC source. The conductive state of the sensing bridge is responsive to a pulse generator and a zero crossing detection and overload protection means. Phase control means coupled to the pulse generator determines turn off of the sensing bridge is reset by the zero crossing detection and overload protection means. Responsive to a load current condition exceeding a maximum current caused by an overload or a short, the zero crossing detection and overloading protection network terminates conduction of current through the sensing bridge. The sensing bridge starts conducting current to the load at the beginning of the AC cycle and continues to conduct to a desired AC voltage phase angle or earlier if an excessive current condition caused by an overload condition or a short occurs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control element or switching element that is provided with elements which electrically or chemically respond to the sense of touch, for example in a steering wheel. The elements are used for supplying the driver who touches the elements with warnings and/or information about the state of the vehicle or traffic. Interactive functions can be connected thereto, by means of which replies by the driver can be detected and processed. The driver can consequently cause the information system of the vehicle to also represent the warning information in an optical manner, e.g. in corresponding control lights on the dashboard, at a desired time.

Abstract: A power semiconductor device which makes a heat come hard to arise in a particular element and is able to control an increase of the amount of a power loss caused by a tail current, even in case that plural power semiconductor elements are connected in parallel is provided. A control part (CTa) performs a regional control instead of a general control that all of IGBT elements (PD1 to PD4) are made to operate identically with providing a PWM signal (S0) for all of the elements. In other words, when a certain pulse in a pulse row of the PWM signal (S0) is inputted, only a part of switches (SW1 and SW2) is turned on and only a part of the IGBT elements (PD1 and PD2) is made to operate, and when a next pulse is inputted, only the other part of switches (SW3 and SW4) is turned on and only the other part of IGBT elements (PD3 and PD4) is made to operate. Moreover, the operation described above is repeated.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fan protection apparatus and related method thereof. The fan protection apparatus has a control circuit and a counter. According to the fan protection method, the user can set the acceptable restart number and the special time for auto restart. The fan protection apparatus and method can force to stop the fan when the fan encounters an abnormal situation. When the stop time has passed, the fan is automatically restarted. The present invention counts the number of restarts. If the number of restarts equals the set number and the abnormal situation also cannot be eliminated, the present invention cuts off power to the fan.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hearing protection earplug, comprising a hard shell (10) having an elasticity of from shore D 85 to shore D 65 and having an outer surface individually shaped according to the measured inner shape of the user's outer ear and ear canal for being worn at least in part in the user's ear canal, the shell comprising a filter cavity (12) having at least one orifice (20, 30, 40) into which a passive acoustic filter element (21, 31) is inserted for forming, together with said orifice, a passive acoustic filter. The invention also relates to a use of such an earplug and a method for manufacturing such an earplug.

Abstract: A control system for a power distribution system includes electrical operators each of which has an open input, a close input and an operator member adapted to cooperate with a corresponding circuit breaker operating mechanism. Each operator member responds to the corresponding open input to actuate the operating mechanism and open the corresponding circuit breaker, and responds to the corresponding close input to actuate the operating mechanism and close the corresponding circuit breaker. A control circuit includes an input for a normal power source, an input for an emergency power source, open outputs electrically connected to the open inputs of the corresponding electrical operators, and close outputs electrically connected to the close inputs of the corresponding electrical operator. The control circuit delays one or more of the close outputs or inhibits one or more of the close outputs after a transfer switch output switches to the emergency source.

Abstract: A switch (10) comprises a face plate (16) and a single switch sensing oscillator (18) responsive to a switch activating presence. The oscillator (18) has a resistive component (36) connected to a sensing plate (38) which acts as a first capacitor plate. The face plate (16) is arranged to prevent electrical contact between the user and the oscillator (18). Any object, when placed adjacent the face plate (16), acts as a second capacitor plate which alters the frequency of the oscillator (18). A microprocessor (20) senses the smoke detector (62). In a further aspect the switch includes a mains electricity cable signal transmitter/receiver and a microprocessor whereby each such switch may communicate directly with another such switch.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes an input node set, a light emitting unit including at least one light emitting element connected across first and second nodes of the input node set, an impedance matching element having a first end connected to the first node, a switch unit connected between a second end of the impedance matching element and the second node, and a control unit connected in parallel to the light emitting unit and connected to the switch unit. The control unit is operable so as to control the switch unit to operate in an ON-state, where the switch unit makes connection between the impedance matching element and the second node when the first node is applied with an AC input power signal, or an OFF-state, where the switch unit interrupts connection between the impedance matching element and the second node when the first node is applied with a DC input power signal for a predetermined period.

Abstract: The system includes a distance protective relay for power lines which includes a logic capability which is responsive to settings entered into the relay by an end user to implement the value of those settings into stored thermal model equations which emulate the temperature of the power line conductor. The logic within the relay is organized and has the capability of receiving the setting values entered by the user and to use those in the logic equations to determine the temperature of the conductor.

Abstract: An encapsulated medium voltage vacuum circuit interrupter includes a line terminal, a load terminal, a vacuum interrupter, an operating mechanism and an elongated, insulated, generally cylindrical encapsulating housing. The vacuum interrupter includes a vacuum envelope containing a fixed contact assembly and a movable contact assembly movable between a closed circuit position in electrical communication with the fixed contact assembly and an open circuit position spaced apart from the fixed contact assembly. The fixed contact assembly is electrically interconnected with the line terminal. A flexible conductor electrically connects the movable contact assembly with the load terminal. The operating mechanism moves the movable contact assembly between the closed circuit position and the open circuit position. The housing includes a first end supporting the line terminal and an opposite second end supporting the load terminal.

Abstract: A device for hardening an Ethernet switch is disclosed. The device provides cooling for the switch, and, suppresses electrical transients and electromagnetic interference, which could affect the power supply, and data transmission of the Ethernet switch. Using this device, the Ethernet switch can be used in harsh industrial environments, such as those present in power utility substations.

Abstract: The apparatus for generating ionic flow of media includes a DC voltage supply having a positive terminal and a negative terminal with a collector connected to the negative terminal of the direct current voltage supply. The collector has a substantially tubular configuration with a rear and front section with inwardly tapering frusto-conical section therebetween. An emitter pin is connected to the positive terminal of the direct current voltage supply with the majority of the tip being located within the frusto-conical section of the collector. Alternatively, the front section of the collector may be made of a dielectric material, such as plastic. As a result, fluid flow, such as air flow, is generated from the input port of the rear section of the collector, through the frusto-conical section of the collector and out the output port of the front section of the collector.

Abstract: A ground fault detection system is provided where one current sensor is used to calibrate a second sensor in order to provide automatic zeroing of the difference measurement. The calibration is done gradually in order to differentiate between sensor drift and a transition in current due to a differential fault.