Abstract: This invention pertains to the use of an ash-removal additive in the production of hot raw gaseous mixtures comprising H.sub.2 +CO and containing entrained molten slag by the partial oxidation of a feedstock comprising a heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel having a nickel and vanadium-containing ash or petroleum coke having a nickel and vanadium-containing ash. Sticking and build-up of molten slag on the surfaces of a steel quench ring and heat exchanger which may be contacted by the molten slag entrained in the hot raw effluent gas stream is prevented by the high temperature electrodeposition of a protective metal e.g. aluminum or titanium. The protective metal is electrodeposited from an electrolytic bath comprising molten fluorides and diffuses beneath the surface and forms an alloy or solid solution with the subsurface metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the preparation of alkyl 3-alkoxypropionates containing at least seven carbon atoms by the reaction of dialkoxymethane containing five or more carbon atoms with a ketene in the presence of a catalytic amount of the reaction product of an alkylcarboxylic acid anhydride and concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl;R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, or phenyl;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the hydroformylation of C.sub.2-4 alkenes, formyl-substituted C.sub.2-4 alkenes, aryl-substituted alkenes, unsaturated norbornane ring-containing compounds, and .alpha.-unsaturated acetals which comprises contacting a C.sub.2-4 alkene, a formyl-substituted C.sub.2-4 alkene, aryl-substituted alkene, an unsaturated norbornane ring-containing compound or an .alpha.-unsaturated acetal in a polar organic solvent with water and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst which comprises a mixture of (a) an alkali metal iron carbonyl or alkaline earth metal iron carbonyl which corresponds to the formula M.sub.a Fe.sub.x (CO).sub.y and (b) iron pentacarbonyl under conditions such that an alcohol or aldehyde derivative of a C.sub.2-4 alkene, a formyl-substituted C.sub.2-4 alkene, an aryl-substituted alkene, unsaturated norbornane ring-containing compound or an .alpha.

Abstract: Described are organoleptic compounds having the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, methyl or acetyl and wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent the same or different hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, halogen, phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.5 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, --C(O)--OR.sup.f wherein R.sup.f is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or --C(O)NR.sub.2.sup.b wherein R.sup.b is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: N-halogenophenoxyacetyl amino acid or ester thereof and salt thereof, a process for production thereof comprising acylation of amino acid or derivative thereof, a herbicidal composition comprising the compound, and a method for killing or controlling plants using the compound. The compounds have a selective herbicidal effect.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylthioalkanoate salts by reaction of an alkali metal alkylmercaptide with a lactone in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent. Preferably, the alkali metal mercaptide is prepared by reaction of an alkylmercaptan and an alkali metal phenate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a series of novel phenoxyacetic acid ethers (and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) of the formula I in which R.sup.1 is H or F, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are H or (1-3C)alkyl, Z is CH.sub.2 OH or a group --CO.R.sup.4 in which R.sup.4 is OH, NH.sub.2 or (1-6C)alkoxy. The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions for use in treating obesity and related conditions and provides processes for the manufacture of the novel ethers.

Abstract: The reaction mixture obtained in the enzymatic reaction of fumaric acid to form L-malic acid contains the L-malic acid and unreacted fumaric acid as their salts. To recover pure solutions of L-malic acid the reaction mixture is treated at 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. with cation exchangers. The eluate after concentration to 30 to 80 weight % content of L-malic acid is filtered. The pure L-malic acid is recovered by evaporating the solutions, in a given case after treatment with activated carbon.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy, nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl, or R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be oxo; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol mono(hydroxypivalate) which comprises condensing two molecules of hydroxypivaldehyde in the presence of an organometallic complex containing a transition metal and organic ligands selected from the group consisting of acetylacetonato, fluoracetylacetonato and benzoylacetonato.

Abstract: An inorganic acid salt of N-[1(S)-ethyoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanylchloride having the formula (I): ##STR1## A process for preparing an inorganic acid salt of N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanylchloride having the formula (I) ##STR2## which comprises reacting an inorganic acid salt of N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine with phosphorous pentachloride in an inactive organic solvent. According to the present invention, ACEI can be economically and easily prepared.

Abstract: Process for production of synthesis gas in which a saturated hydrocarbon and an oxygen containing gas having a ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen of greater than the stoichiometric ratio for complete combustion are introduced into a bed of particulate material. The bed comprises material which is catalytically active for partial oxidation and/or steam reforming reactions. The upward flow rate of the hydrocarbon/oxygen containing gas stream is sufficiently large to cause a spouting action of the bed material. The hydrocarbon and oxygen react together and the products of the reaction are withdrawn.

Abstract: Peresters of the formula: ROOC--R.sub.1 --COOOR wherein R is an alkyl group; R.sub.1 is selected from the group including ketone (unsubstituted or substituted) groups, and R.sub.1 is any group absorbing radiation between 250 and 800 nm such that R.sub.1 produces an excited state of sufficient lifetime to cause the decomposition to free radicals of the appended perester or peroxidic function.

Abstract: Alpha-halopyruvate oximes of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, and X are as defined herein having bactericidal and, fungicidal activity are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are new compounds ##STR1## where each of R and R' have zero to 10 C atoms; R is H or hydrocarbyl; R' is H, hydrocarbyl, or hydrocarbyl substituted with hydrocarbylcarbonylamino, di(hydrocarbylcarbonyl)amino, hydrocarbylcarbonyl(hydrocarbyl)amino, formylamino, diformylamino and formyl(hydrocarbyl)amino, hydrocarbyloxy, hydrocarbylthio, formylthio, hydrocarbylcarbonylthio, hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl, hydrocarbyl carboxyl, hydrocarbylamino, dihydrocarbylamino, formyl, 3-indolyl, 3-(1-hydrocarbyl)indolyl, 3-(1-hydrocarbylcarbonyl)indolyl, 3-(1-formyl)indolyl, carbamoyl, hydrocarbylcarbamoyl, dihydrocarbylcarbamoyl, 5-imidazolyl, 5-(3-hydrocarbyl)imidazolyl, 5-(3-hydrocarbylcarbonyl)imidazolyl, or 5-(3-formyl)imidazolyl, and R" is phenyl or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group; and methods of making such compounds.

Abstract: Aliphatic chlorine compounds of the formulaX--R.sup.1 --Cl Iwhere R.sup.1 is alkylene which may be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms and which may be substituted by halogen, alkyl or aryl, and X is hydrogen, chlorine or OR.sup.2, where R.sup.2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, are prepared by decarboxylating chloroformic acid esters or diesters at elevated temperatures by decarboxylating in the presence of a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt as catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the cosynthesis of ethylene glycol and dimethyl carbonate by reacting methanol and ethylene carbonate in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst from the group consisting of soluble miscible tertiary phosphines arsines, and stibines and soluble, miscible bivalent sulphur and selenium compounds.

Abstract: Novel hydroperoxide of formula ##STR1## and use of same as intermediate for the preparation of 3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylperhydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan, also known as AMBROX (registered tradename of FIRMENICH SA, Geneva/Switzerland).Process for its preparation via an oxidation of sclareol by means of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acidic agent.