Abstract: Alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons, especially toluene methylation, is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite of the ZSM-5 type in which some or all of the protons of the zeolite have been replaced by monovalent cations. Preferably, the replacement cations are sodium ions, the catalyst preferably containing more than 2% by weight of sodium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of alkylbenzenes, which comprises reacting benzene with at least one aromatic hydrocarbon substituted by alkyl groups and containing 9 or more carbon atoms, in the presence of an acid leached hydrogen form mordenite catalyst having a silica (SiO.sub.2)/alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) molar ratio of 15 to 21 and a sodium content of 0.05 weight % or less as Na.sub.2 O.

Abstract: Olefins are oxidized to carbonyl compounds, for example, 2-hexene to a mixture of 2-hexanone and 3-hexanone, with a palladium/copper/boric acid catalyst and a suitable surfactant or phase transfer agent. The reaction takes place in a diluent system comprising at least two liquid phases, wherein at least one liquid phase is an aqueous phase, and in the presence of free oxygen. The catalyst system can be used to oxidize internal olefins, as well as terminal olefins, at reasonable rates. The catalyst system can also be used for the selective oxidation of linear olefins in a mixed stream containing linear and branched olefins.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes in admixture with ethylbenzene by contact with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5 is improved by use of zeolite which has been steamed at high temperature to reduce activity, the reaction being at a temperature above about 700.degree. F. At these conditions, conversion of ethylbenzene follows a different reaction path which permits high conversion of ethylbenzene to benzene without loss of xylenes of disproportionation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component, and of a bismuth component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, bismuth component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.

Abstract: A continuous process for alkylating an alkylatable hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acid-type catalyst in which the alkylatable hydrocarbon is contacted with the alkylating agent in the presence of the catalyst at a temperature and for a time sufficient to alkylate the alkylatable hydrocarbon, the reaction product is separated into an alkylate product phase and a catalyst phase, containing catalyst-soluble oil, the catalyst phase is cooled to maintain a preselected temperature in the exothermic alkylation zone, the cooled catalyst phase is recycled to the alkylation reaction and a predetermined concentration of catalyst-soluble oil is maintained in the catalyst phase by at least periodically heating an alkylating agent to a temperature above the reaction temperature, contacting the heated alkylating agent with one of the separated recycle catalyst, separated rerun catalyst, fresh catalyst or mixture thereof and combining the resultant reaction product with separated recycle catalyst

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in a process for the acid-catalyzed alkylation of an isoparaffin with an olefin alkylating agent. The improvement relates to an alkylation process wherein the hydrocarbon phase of the alkylation reaction mixture is introduced into a common fractionation column with a field butane stream comprising olefinic materials. The improvement comprises initially clay-treating said field butane stream.

Abstract: An alcohol which can be straight chain or branch-chain and can contain from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms per molecule is dehydrated in the presence of gamma-alumina, which may be base-treated, employing an inert carrier gas. 3-Methyl-1-butanol was dehydrated over gamma-alumina employing nitrogen as the carrier gas to obtain yields well in excess of 90 percent with correspondingly high selectivities. 3-Methyl-1-butene having a 97.7 weight percent purity was obtained with base-treated gamma-alumina.

Abstract: A process for the production of the internal isomers (3-phenyl, 4-phenyl and higher) from linear phenylalkane mixtures via selective cracking of the 2-phenylalkane isomer over crystalline zeolite catalysts having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, of about 1 to 12.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is the preparation of ethene in the presence of catalysts using adiabatic reactors at high temperature. Such adiabatic reactors may be used in parallel or be disposed in series or arranged in parallel series assemblies or only a single reactor may be used.The process of the invention allows the use of ethyl alcohol diluted with a sensible heat carrying fluid as feeding material. Said sensible heat carrying fluid is introduced into the reactor simultaneously with the feed, supplying the heat necessary for the performance of the reaction.

Abstract: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is produced by the use of a molten salt mixture of cuprous and cupric chloride, with the reaction effluent including the product, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, unreacted feed and organic byproduct, as well as entrained molten salt. The effluent is cooled at a temperature and pressure to effect condensation of organics, with the salt being present in the condensate. The salt is then separated from the organics for re-use in the process. Hydrogen chloride and chlorine present in the effluent are also recovered for re-use in the process.

Abstract: A method for dehydrogenating an alkyl aromatic compound, particularly, ethylbenzene or ethyl toluene, to its corresponding vinyl aromatic derivative, styrene or methyl styrene, respectively, in which the alkyl aromatic compound and its normally attendant diluent, stream or water, are preheated to a temperature below which any substantial thermal reaction temperature of the alkyl aromatic compound occurs, viz., 450.degree. to about 500.degree. C., and introduced into a catalytic bed of a reactor and thereafter contacted and mixed in said catalytic bed with a quantity of steam in an amount and at a temperature to raise the alkyl aromatic compound to the catalytic dehydrogenation temperature. The steam introduced into the catalyst bed, in a ratio less than 3 to 1 to about 0.7 to 1, steam to hydrocarbon passes through the bed in heat exchange relationship to the catalyst and the reacting gases prior to contacting and mixing with the alkyl aromatic compound in the bed.

Abstract: An improvement as described for the recovery of ethylene oligomers from the reaction product obtained when ethylene is oligomerized by contact in the liquid phase at elevated temperatures and pressures with a nickel complexed catalyst dissolved in an aliphatic diol solvent. In this improved process, the liquid oligomer product phase, after separation from gaseous and dissolved ethylene and liquid diol solvent, is subject to an aqueous acid wash followed optionally and preferably by a water wash to hydrolyze and extract diol solvent degradation products which carry through from the oligomerization reaction zone.

Abstract: Novel acid systems are disclosed which are characterized as being capable of stabilizing high concentrations of tertiary cations, e.g., t-butyl cation, and further characterized as capable of forming carbonium ion salts containing both dimeric and monomeric anions. The ions undergo hydride and halide exchange with other alkanes and halides. The hydride transfer reaction renders them useful in isomerization and alkylation reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing beta-bromoethyl aromatic compounds comprising reacting hydrogen bromide with a vinyl aromatic compound in the presence of an azo radical initiator to effect the antimarkovnikoff addition of HBr to the vinyl double bond.

Abstract: Polyhalogenated hydrocarbons of general formula RR.sup.1 CH--CHX--CH.sub.2 CYZQ wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, X is Cl, Br or I, Y is F, Cl or Br, Z is Y or Q and Q is a group W(CF.sub.2).sub.m --in which W is hydrogen, F or Cl and m is 1 or 2, provided that X is always Br or I when at least one of Y and Z is Br, and a process for preparing these polyhalogenated hydrocarbons by reacting an alkyl-substituted butene with a polyhalogenated alkane having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts particularly useful for hydroreforming and isomerization of hydrocarbons formed of a refractory mineral oxide carrier having a halogen in combined form and the following metals in free or combined state:(a) A metal from the platinum group (0.02 to 2%);(b) tin (0.02 to 2%); and(c) at least one metal selected from the group of scandium, yttrium, thorium, uranium, and the rare earths metals (0.01 to 5%)--said percentages being based upon the total weight of the catalyst, said catalyst preferably having platinum and chlorine. Also the use of said catalyst in the aforementioned hydrotreatments.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, and a uranium component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a uranium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % uranium and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Polymer oils having reduced viscosity and increased viscosity index are produced by oligomerizing a mixture of short chain 1-olefins and long chain 1-olefins in the presence of water or alcohol promoted boron trifluoride catalyst and low-boiling recycle from a previous oligomerization run.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin-acting alkylating agent. The aromatic hydrocarbon is commingled with a first portion of said alkylating agent in a first alkylation reaction zone at alkylation reaction conditions in contact with a hydrofluoric acid catalyst. The acid phase of the effluent from the first alkylation reaction zone is separated, and the hydrocarbon phase, comprising alkylate and unreacted aromatic hydrocarbon is commingled with a second portion of said alkylating agent at alkylation reaction conditions in a second alkylation reaction zone in contact with a hydrofluoric acid catalyst separately charged thereto, the hydrofluoric acid catalyst being that separated from the effluent of the first alkylation reaction zone. The acid phase is separated from the effluent from the second alkylation reaction zone and recycled to the first alkylation reaction zone, and the alkylate product is recovered from the hydrocarbon phase.