Abstract: Polyhalogenated hydrocarbons of general formula RR.sup.1 CH--CHX--CH.sub.2 CYZQ wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, X is Cl, Br or I, Y is F, Cl or Br, Z is Y or Q and Q is a group W(CF.sub.2).sub.m --in which W is hydrogen, F or Cl and m is 1 or 2, provided that X is always Br or I when at least one of Y and Z is Br, and a process for preparing these polyhalogenated hydrocarbons by reacting an alkyl-substituted butene with a polyhalogenated alkane having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts particularly useful for hydroreforming and isomerization of hydrocarbons formed of a refractory mineral oxide carrier having a halogen in combined form and the following metals in free or combined state:(a) A metal from the platinum group (0.02 to 2%);(b) tin (0.02 to 2%); and(c) at least one metal selected from the group of scandium, yttrium, thorium, uranium, and the rare earths metals (0.01 to 5%)--said percentages being based upon the total weight of the catalyst, said catalyst preferably having platinum and chlorine. Also the use of said catalyst in the aforementioned hydrotreatments.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing beta-bromoethyl aromatic compounds comprising reacting hydrogen bromide with a vinyl aromatic compound in the presence of an azo radical initiator to effect the antimarkovnikoff addition of HBr to the vinyl double bond.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, and a uranium component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a uranium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % uranium and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin-acting alkylating agent. The aromatic hydrocarbon is commingled with a first portion of said alkylating agent in a first alkylation reaction zone at alkylation reaction conditions in contact with a hydrofluoric acid catalyst. The acid phase of the effluent from the first alkylation reaction zone is separated, and the hydrocarbon phase, comprising alkylate and unreacted aromatic hydrocarbon is commingled with a second portion of said alkylating agent at alkylation reaction conditions in a second alkylation reaction zone in contact with a hydrofluoric acid catalyst separately charged thereto, the hydrofluoric acid catalyst being that separated from the effluent of the first alkylation reaction zone. The acid phase is separated from the effluent from the second alkylation reaction zone and recycled to the first alkylation reaction zone, and the alkylate product is recovered from the hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: In a dimerization of butenes containing isobutene, a formation of 2,2,4-trimethyl pentenes is minimized by using a specific nickel catalyst solution and an organoaluminum catalyst. The specific nickel catalyst is a nickel salt of a fatty acid having 1.5 to 40 wt. % of a free fatty acid and less than 0.1 wt. % of water.The C.sub.8 olefins having less 2,2,4-trimethyl pentenes obtained by the dimerization are quite important to produce excellent plasticizer.

Abstract: In the HF alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins an improved process is provided comprising charging isoparaffin, olefin(s), and HF catalyst to the upstream end of a vertically extended reaction zone, introducing the same or different olefin(s) and, optionally, isoparaffin, downstream along with a recycled alkane stream separated from the alkylation effluent under alkylation conditions to produce high octane alkylate. In a preferred embodiment, the recycle alkane stream is propane and/or normal butane.

Abstract: Polymer oils having reduced viscosity and increased viscosity index are produced by oligomerizing a mixture of short chain 1-olefins and long chain 1-olefins in the presence of water or alcohol promoted boron trifluoride catalyst and low-boiling recycle from a previous oligomerization run.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes admixed with other alkyl aromatics of at least eight carbon atoms is conducted at essentially atmospheric pressure at 800.degree.-1000.degree. F. with a zeolite like zeolite ZSM-5 of reduced acid activity.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing fluorocarbon halides by effecting a reaction at ambient temperatures between a fluorocarbon acid or its derivative and a halogen fluorosulfate.

Abstract: A startup method for a catalytic reforming process wherein the catalyst is maintained in a bed is provided in which a catalyst comprising an iridium component and at least one additional metal component such as a platinum group metal component is reduced, sulfided and contacted with hydrogen at specified conditions whereby the sulfur is distributed uniformly throughout the catalyst bed prior to contacting the catalyst with the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at hydrocarbon dehydrocyclization conditions with a superactive acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component and a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. The platinum group, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Stabilized perchloroethylene containing 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of N-alkylmorpholine, 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of alkylphenols, 0.0005 to 0.002% by weight of diisopropylamine, and 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of cyclohexeneoxide. By stabilization with the mixture of stabilizers, the perchloroethylene is stabilized to an extraordinary degree against attack by metals, particularly, decomposition through oxidation in contact with metals or metal salts, in some cases also upon exposure to light. A further improvement of the combined stabilizing action can be obtained by the addition of 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of epoxipropanol.

Abstract: Process for preparing 3,3,3-trifluoropropene-1 by contacting and reacting at least one of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane, 1,1,3-trichloropropene-1 and 3,3,3-trichloropropene-1 and HF, under autogenous pressure, at 140.degree.-250.degree. C., in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of an organic monoamine, a salt of the monoamine or an alkylene diamine, said monoamine and salt being of the formula R.sub.3 N.(R'X).sub.n wherein n is 0 or 1, X is an appropriate anion, each R and R' is selected independently from H, alkyl of 1-16 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 6-10 carbon atoms, aryl of 6-10 carbon atoms and alkylaryl of 6-10 carbon atoms, provided, however, when n is 0, no more than two of the R groups are H and when n is 1, no more than three of the R and R' groups are H, and provided, however, R.sub.3 N taken jointly is piperidine, pyrrolidine, indoline, isoindoline, pyridine, quinoline or isoquinoline, each optionally substituted with 1-3 methyl groups, said alkylene diamine being of the formula R".sub.

Abstract: Perfluorinated polycyclic hydrocarbons may be produced in high yield by a three-stage process comprising contacting a cyclic hydrocarbon such as an alkyladamantane with a fluoride of silver, manganese, sulfur or the like under varying reaction conditions, generally in the liquid state, to provide a partially fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon. This fluorination is followed by a second stage vapor phase reaction with a fluoride of cobalt or the like at temperatures generally just above the boiling point of the material to yield highly fluorinated cyclic compounds, followed by a third stage reaction with the same reagent at substantially higher temperatures to provide the desired perfluorinated material. Alternatively, the partially fluorinated material for use in the second stage may be derived from known sources, using any known partially fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon.In a further embodiment, a fluidized bed reactor may be substituted for the second and third vapor phase stages described above.

Abstract: A coal liquefaction apparatus which comprises a slurry mixing tank, a preheater, a hydrogenation reactor, and a gas-liquid-solid separator or separators in series and a gas-liquid separator and at least one solid-liquid separator are interposed between the hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation cyclopolycondensation reactor which is positioned upstream of the final gas-liquid-solid separator.The coal liquefaction process comprises the steps of heat treating a slurry prepared by mixing coal fines with a hydrocarbon based solvent having a boiling point greater than 150.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 300.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkylbenzenes, according to which benzene is reacted with an olefin (or mixture of olefins) in the presence of a suitable catalyst, according to the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The reactant which is reacted with the benzene is the product of the autocondensation of an olefin or a mixture of olefins, having a number of carbon atoms of between 10 and 15, whereby a mixture of both light and heavy alkylbenzenes is obtained, the heavy alkylbenzenes being useful for lubricating compositions.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons are contacted in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate pressure, temperature and space velocity to effect alkylation of the aromatic hydrocarbon. The catalyst is alumina containing boria and an oxide of a metal from Group IVA (tin and lead) or Group VIIB (manganese).

Abstract: Catalyst, particularly useful in catalytic reforming and for producing highly pure aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising an alumina carrier and containing, expressed in proportion of the weight of the alumina carrier:0.005 to 1% of platinum0.01 to 4% of gallium, indium or thallium0.01 to 2% of tungsten, and0.1 to 10% of halogen.

Abstract: Ethylene and maximum benzene are co-produced via a combination process involving (1) thermal cracking, or pyrolysis, (2) aromatic hydrocarbon separation, or extraction, and, (3) dealkylation of alkyl-substituted aromatics to yield additional benzene. Unconverted feed paraffins are recycled to thermal cracking for additional ethylene and benzene production.