Abstract: An electrorheological material comprising a carrier fluid and an atomically polarizable particle component. The atomically polarizable particle component has a crystalline lattice structure which allows atoms to shift position with respect to each other in response to the application of an electric field. The electrorheological materials are subjected to an alternating current electric field at a frequency of at least 500 Hz. The materials exhibit substantial electrorheological activity over a broad temperature range.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for preparing salt solutions which exhibit desired thermodynamic properties. The method enables prediction of the value of the thermodynamic properties for single and multiple salt solutions over a wide range of conditions from activity data and constants which are independent of concentration and temperature. A particular application of the invention is in the control of salt solutions in a process to provide a salt solution which exhibits the desired properties.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of preparing an electrical overstress material having a nonlinear resistance which declines sharply in response to an electric field exceeding a clamping voltage so as to be able to shunt out transient surges which method comprises using an adhesive binder, for example a silicone rubber or a ceramics dispersion, and thorough mixing therein of small conductive, and optionally semiconductive particles, for example nickel particles of various morphologies and silicon carbide particles respectively, followed by molding under pressure and curing. The invention is also directed to the electrical overstress material itself which has excellent strength and integrity as well as survivability from multiple surges and has multiple applications in, for example, electrical outlet strips and power cables. The invention is also directed to a power outlet strip comprising a plurality of surge arresting elements composed of the electrical overstress material of the invention.

Abstract: Compositions comprising difluoromethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and a member selected from the group consisting of 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, propane and dimethyl ether having a vapor pressure from about 12.2 psia to about 18.4 psia at -40.degree. F., are useful as refrigerants.

Abstract: Compositions of difluoromethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane are useful as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer edia, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polymers such as polyolefins and polyurethanes, and as power cycle fluids.Near azeotropic compositions comprise admixtures of effective amounts of difluoromethane and tetrafluoroethane to form a near azeotropic composition. Such compositions are useful as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antifreeze/coolant additive comprising polymeric polycarboxylates which resists cavitation erosion-corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys, is effective at relatively low concentrations and at varying pH.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antifreeze/coolant composition with polymeric polycarboxylates which reduces the corrosion rate of heat rejecting aluminum, and is effective at relatively low concentrations.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antifreeze/coolant additive comprising polymeric polycarboxylates which prevents hard water precipitants and scale formation, is soluble in alcohol and alcohol/water mixtures, is compatible with other commonly used antifreeze/coolant components, does not corrode or damage automotive cooling systems and is effective at relatively low concentrations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing solid and non-solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions. The solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions are formed by crystallization, and the non-solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions are recovered in a glycol solvent. These compositions are substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antifreeze/coolant composition with polymeric polycarboxylates which resists cavitation erosion-corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys, is effective at relatively low concentrations and at varying pH.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of electrically conductive polymers derived from 3-alkylthiophenes by chemical polymerization of the 3-alkylthiophene by means of a ferric salt, an alkyl halide and water.The invention also relates to electrically conductive devices containing the poly(3-alkylthiophenes) obtained and a thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a beta-alumina material, such as a material having the formula AM.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Ag and Te; and M is a trivalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe and Ga. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids including vermiculite treated with an amine salt, methods of making the same, propylene carbonate adsorbed on the solid phase, butyl benzoate added for the liquid phase, and methods of using frequency response of electrorheological fluids to vary apparent viscosity and to compensate for temperature.

Abstract: A conditioning shampoo composition comprising: (a) an anionic cleansing surfactant, such as an alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate, like sodium lauryl ether sulfate or ammonium lauryl sulfate; (b) a water-insoluble conditioning agent, such as a silicone compound or a hydrocarbon compound, like a polydimethylsiloxane; (c) an emulsifying composition comprising (i) a polyhydric compound, such as a glycol, a triol or a polyol, and (ii) an anionic emulsifying surfactant having the general structural formula:R.sub.1 --O--(A).sub.x --CH.sub.2 --Y.sup.- M.sup.+, (I)wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Refrigerating oils useful in refrigerating devices to produce temperatures lower than -86.degree. C. and as low as -130.degree. C. and free from salts, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons and halocarbons and having a viscosity below 10 mm.sup.2 /s at -40.degree. C., consisting essentially of mixtures of at least two members selected from the group consisting of hexamethyl disiloxane, octamethyl trisiloxane, linear decamethyl tetrasiloxane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane and decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane.

Abstract: A field dependent fluid comprising a liquid phase and an inorganic particulate solid substrate having a coating containing electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a portion thereof, said coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide an electrorheological response to the presence of one or more electrical and/or magnetic fields.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds are disclosed which are multi-functional and possess utility as chain branching agents for aminofunctional polysiloxanes used in the softening of textiles and fabrics. The organosilicon compounds possess epoxy functionality and may have further alkyl functionality and/or polyalkylene oxide functionality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electroviscous liquids consisting essentially of(I) a polymer or polymer mixture,(II) an electrolyte dissolved in (I),.(III) optionally an additive miscible with the solution of (I) and (II),(IV) optionally a viscosity-increasing additive reacting with (I);(V) a dispersant and(VI) a non-aqueous dispersion medium.

Abstract: To replace cleaning compositions based on 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113), the invention proposes a composition comprising, by weight, 93 to 99% of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (F365 mfc) and 7 to 1% of methanol. These two compounds form a positive azeotrope (b.p.=36.5.degree. C. at normal pressure).The composition, optionally stabilized, can be used for the cleaning and/or drying of solid surfaces, in particular for the removal of flux from printed circuits and for degreasing mechanical parts.

Abstract: A composition comprising (a) at least one oxidized polycationic polyheteroaromatic compound and (b) at least one polyanion of a film-forming thermoplastic polymer containing sulfated alcohol groups ##STR1## in repeating structural units. The composition has high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties, especially after drawing at temperatures below the melt/decomposition temperature. The material may be used as electrodes, electrically conductive filaments or components for electromagnetic screening.