Abstract: A lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators which comprises as the main component thereof a polyvinyl ether compound having excellent compatibility with a hydrofluorocarbon or a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and the like, which can be used as the refrigerant to replace compounds causing environmental pollution, such as dichlorofluoroethane and the like, and having an excellent lubricating property is disclosed. The lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators comprises as the main component thereof a polyvinyl ether compound having the constituting units expressed by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are H or a hydrocarbon group of C.sub.1.about.8, R.sup.4 is a bivalent hydrocarbon group of C.sub.2.about.10, R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbon group of C.sub.1.about.10 and m is 0.about.10.

Abstract: Compositions of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane or 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer in an amount of <0.04 g per liter of dye liquor as anticrease agent in exhaust dyeing processes.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid having good shear stress and improved (reduced) conductivity comprises a hydrophobic liquid phase and, dispersed therein, electrorheologically active particles of a core particle with a coating of at least one polysaccharide which is dispersible in a protic medium.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having spherical, or near-spherical, fullerene-type particles and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid.

Abstract: An ice making refrigerant mainly consists of at least one compound selected from the group of normal perfluoropentane, cycloperfluoropentane, isoperfluoropentane, and fluorohydropentane. The refrigerant may also consists of pentane mixed with a sufficient amount of one or more of the above compounds for making the refrigerant substantially incombustible. The refrigerant is highly resistant to combustion and free from destroying the stratospheric ozone layer. Ice is produced by mixing the refrigerant in liquid phase with water at a pressure higher than the saturation pressure P.sub.0 of the refrigerant for 0.degree. C. and then ejecting the water-refrigerant mixture into a tank at a pressure below the above saturation pressure P.sub.0, so as to evaporate the refrigerant and let the water freeze by the latent heat of evaporation of the refrigerant.

Abstract: A mixed gas refrigerant for use in the cryogenic range of temperatures between 80.degree. K. and 100.degree. K., with single stage compressor providing high pressures up to 30 Arms. The refrigerant consists of nitrogen between 30 and 50 molar percent, methane less than 20 molar percent, propane, more than 30 molar percent, and ethane the balance.

Abstract: An air conditioner or heat pump containing a working fluid comprising tetrafluoroethane and at least two fluorinated hydrocarbons having a boiling point of not higher than -40.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure selected from the group consisting of methane derivatives and ethane derivatives which consist of one or two carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms, which has very small influence on the ozone layer in the stratosphere and is suitable as a substitute working fluid for chlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: Non-aqueous electrorheological fluids are described which comprise a major amount of a hydrophobic liquid phase and a minor amount of a dispersed particulate phase of a polyaniline prepared by polymerizing aniline in the presence of an oxidizing agent and from about 0.1 to about 1.6 moles of an acid per mole of aniline to form an acid salt of polyaniline, and thereafter treating the acid salt with a base. The polyanilines may be prepared from aniline or from mixtures of aniline and other monomers such as pyrroles, vinyl pyridines, vinyl pyrrolidones, thiophenes, vinylidene halides, phenothiazines, imidazolines, N-phenyl-p-phenylene diamines or mixtures thereof. The electrorheological fluids prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful in a variety of applications including flotational coupling devices such as clutches for automobiles or industrial motors, transmissions, brakes or tension control devices; and linear damping devices such as shock absorbers, engine mounts and hydraulic actuators.

Abstract: Non-aqueous electrorheological fluids are described which comprise a major amount of a hydrophobic liquid phase and a minor amount of a dispersed particulate phase comprising conductive polymers selected from the group consisting of polypyrroles, polyphenylenes, polyacetylenes, polyvinylpyridines, polyvinylpyrrolidones, poly(substituted anilines), polyvinylidene halides, polyphenothiazines and polyimidazoles. The electrorheological fluids prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful in a variety of applications including flotational coupling devices such as clutches for automobiles or industrial motors, transmissions, brakes or tension control devices; and linear damping devices such as shock absorbers, engine mounts and hydraulic actuators.

Abstract: An enhanced ER fluid is disclosed. Polypeptides such as proteins are added to ER fluids. The ER response, particularly increased viscosity in response to an electric potential difference applied to the fluid, is enhanced.

Abstract: A working fluid comprising difluoroethane and at least two fluorinated hydrocarbons having a boiling point of not higher than -40.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure selected from the group consisting of methane derivatives and ethane derivatives which consist of one or two carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms, which has very small influence on the ozone layer in the stratosphere and is suitable as a substitute working fluid for chlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: In the new process, cleaning and care preparations for floors, shoes, leather and furniture are produced by mixing a wax emulsion containing alkyl glycoside as emulsifier with the other constituents of the preparation. The alkyl glycosides correspond to the following general formulaR--O(--G).sub.n Iin which R is a long-chain C.sub.8-22 alkyl radical, G is a glycoside-bonded residue of a monosaccharide and n has a value of 1 to 10. The wax emulsions are distinguished by particular particle fineness and extremely good compatibility with the other constituents of the preparations.

Abstract: There has been disclosed herein a lubricant for refrigerating machines employing tetrafluoroethane or the like as a refrigerant which comprises as an essential component a base oil comprising (A) 40 to 95% by weight of a synthetic oil composed of a poly-.alpha.-olefin and/or an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer or a mixture of an alkylbenzene and a poly-.alpha.-olefin and/or an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer and (B) 5 to 60% by weight of a fluidity improver composed of a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound, etc. The lubricant is used along with a refrigerant comprising a substituted flon compound such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and is excellent in the performance such as wear resistance, electrical insulating properties, hydrolytic stability, nonhygroscopicity, etc. and also in returnability of the lubricant. Thus, the lubricant is especially effective when used in automobile or household air conditioners, refrigerators, etc. having high industrial usefulness.

Abstract: Compositions containing trifluoromethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane which are useful as refrigerants in refrigerating machines and air-conditioning systems.

Abstract: The inventive composition contains salt, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) and sodium silicate, and may optionally contain sodium ferrocyanide, diatomaceous earth, and/or other materials. The composition is useful for facilitating the melting and removal of snow and ice, and is stable and non-corrosive. The inclusion of both CMA and sodium silicate in the salt composition provides better corrosion resistance than can be obtained by the inclusion of comparable quantities of either CMA or sodium silicate alone. The inventive salt composition is considerably less expensive to manufacture than CMA-containing salt compositions which provide comparable corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroviscous fluid comprising the dispersion in an electrical insulating fluid of an organopolysiloxane having at least one metal sulfonate group in its molecule. The electroviscous fluid of the present invention can further comprise a polyether. The electroviscous fluid of the present invention does not wear or abrade surrounding equipment, is thermally stable, and that has a large electroviscous effect (yield value) and an excellent dispersion stability.

Abstract: Novel compound semiconductors are of the general formula,X.sub.5 YZ.sub.4,wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag and mixtures thereof, Y is a member selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Tl and mixtures thereof, and Z is a member selected from the group consisting of Se, S, Te and mixtures thereof. Typical of the compound semiconductors are Cu.sub.5 AlSe.sub.4 and Ag.sub.5 AlSe.sub.4. These compound semiconductors are especially useful for making blue to UV light-emitting devices which include n-type and p-type compound semiconductor layers made of the above compound semiconductors.

Abstract: A mixed gas refrigerant for use as a replacement for CFC refrigerants, and specifically, for R-12, which includes at least three components including R-134a, R-124, and n-butane.

Abstract: Strong acid cleaning compositions supplemented with stable, protein-reactive staining dyes are provided which can be used for the acid clean-up of metallic food processing equipment while also giving a visual indication of residual soils on equipment surfaces. The compositions are provided as dilutable concentrates including water, a staining dye and at least about 5% by weight of a strong inorganic acid; the dye is stable in the concentrate under storage at 25.degree. C. for at least about 3 months. The concentrates are diluted in water at the point of use and in such form have a pH of up to about 4. The preferred concentrates of the invention include water, from about 10%-50% by weight of an acid mixture comprising phosphoric, sulfuric and nitric acids, and Acid Violet 19 dye.