Abstract: A solid-state PEC includes mixed ionic and electronic conducting oxides that allow it to operate at temperatures significantly above ambient utilizing both the light and thermal energy available from concentrated sunlight to dissociate water vapor. The solid-state PEC has a semiconductor light absorber coated with a thin MIEC oxide for improved catalytic activity, electrochemical stability and ionic conduction, which is located between the gas phase and the semiconductor light absorber. As a result, the MIEC oxide provides a facile path for minority carriers to reach the water vapor as well as a path for the ionic carriers to reach the solid electrolyte. Elevated temperature operation allows reasonable band misalignments at the interfaces to be overcome, reduces the required overpotential, and facilitates rapid product diffusion away from the surface.

Abstract: The method of making palladium nanoparticles is a microwave thermolysis-based method of making palladium nanoparticles from a complex of palladium(II) acetate Pd(O2CCH3)2 (or Pd(OAc)2) and a ligand. The complex of palladium(II) acetate and the ligand is melted in oleic acid and dichloromethane to form a solution. The ligand is 1-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol (C15H11N3O), which has the structure: The solution is stirred for two hours under an inert argon atmosphere, and then irradiated with microwave radiation to produce palladium nanoparticles.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for the treatment of uranium-contaminated soil by using comprehensive joint technology. The apparatus include the pumping system, the electrokinetic remediation system, elution system, remediation-separation system and recharge system. The remediation technologies (i.e. chemical, photolysis and electrokinetic) are used to remedy the uranium-contaminated soil. First, extract uranium from the contaminated areas and make the ionized uranium extract from the soil phase to the solution phase. Then, use the electrokinetic remediation technology to drive uranium enrichment electromigrate to near the anode. Finally, return the repaired-soil and groundwater back to anode area and recharge well, respectively. This comprehensive joint apparatus can reduce the uranium volume in the contaminated soil or water, and recycle the obtained uranium, which are cleaning processes and have no secondary pollution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photoelectrochemical cell 100 for light-driven production of hydrogen and oxygen, especially from water or another electrolyte based on aqueous solution, having a photoelectric layer structure 1 and an electrochemical layer structure 2 in a layer construction 40, where—the photoelectric layer structure 1 for absorption of light 3 uninfluenced by the electrolyte 10 forms a front side 41 of the layer structure 40, and—the electrochemical layer structure 2, for accommodation of the electrolyte 10, forms a reverse side 42 of the layer construction 40, and—a conductive and corrosion-inhibiting coupling layer 13 forms electrical contact between the photoelectric layer structure 1 and the electrochemical layer structure 2 in the layer construction 40, where—the electrochemical layer structure 2 has an electrode structure of a front electrode 21 and an electrode structure of a rear electrode 22, between which is arranged an ion exchange layer 61 such that an integrated layer construction 40

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the plasma-assisted synthesis of organohalosilanes in which organohalosilanes of the general empirical formula R1mR2oSiX4-p (X=F, Cl, Br or I; p=1-4; p=m+o; m=1-4; o=0-3; R1, R2=alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aryl) and/or carbosilanes of the general empirical formula R3qSiX3-qCH2SiR4rX3-r (X=F, Cl, Br or I; q=0-3; r=0-3; R3, R4=alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aryl) are formed by activating a plasma in a mixture of one or more volatile organic compounds from the group of alkanes, alkenes, alkines and aromates with SiX4 and/or organohalosilanes RnSiX4-n (X=F, Cl, Br oder I; n=1-4; R=alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aryl).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the synthesis of carbon and carbon based nanocomposites comprising Laser-induced Dissociative Stitching (LDS) from liquid halogen containing aromatic compounds at room temperature.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon contaminated fluid. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid with carbon nanotubes to adsorb the at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon while exposing the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid and the carbon nanotubes to UV irradiation from at least one UV light source, preferably a UV light emitting diode (LED), with a wavelength of about 315-415 nm, preferably about 365 nm, to form a treated fluid having a reduced concentration of the at least one single ring aromatic hydrocarbon relative to the hydrocarbon contaminated fluid.

Abstract: Provided are a photocatalyst having higher activity for hydrogen production through water splitting and a photoelectrode comprising the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention comprises a Ga selenide, an Ag—Ga selenide, or both thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming nanoscale diamond particles comprises providing C2 and CH radicals at a low pressure, and nucleating the C2 and CH radicals to form carbon nanoparticles comprising a diamond phase and a non-diamond phase. The method further comprises removing at least a portion of the non-diamond phase in flight during the nucleation of the C2 and CH radicals to form a carbon powder comprising a plurality of nanoscale diamond particles.

Abstract: The invention discloses a continuous process for producing high-pure quadricyclane, in which “a reaction-rectification integral process” or “a reaction followed by rectification process” may be employed. The two processes both use a novel composite catalyst which is obtained by loading an organic photo-sensitizer on a solid photocatalyst, and the composite catalyst has a high activity and a good stability. In the reaction-rectification integral process, the composite catalyst is used by being blended with rectification fillers or covering the rectification fillers, so as to achieve the integration of the reaction and the rectification. In the reaction followed by rectification process, the composite catalyst and the rectification fillers are placed separately from each other. The two processes achieve a relatively short residence time of reactants, produce highly-pure quadricyclane, and reduce the formation of cokes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin in which polyvinyl chloride resin is chlorinated by radiating ultraviolet light in a reactor into which polyvinyl chloride resin and chlorine have been introduced, wherein the radiation of the ultraviolet light is performed by using at least one light source selected from the group consisting of an ultraviolet LED, an organic EL and an inorganic EL, the light source is disposed within the reactor, at least one radiation direction of the ultraviolet light is within a range of 30° or more and 115° or less with respect to a stirring direction of polyvinyl chloride resin, and an amount of ultraviolet light radiated within the range of 30° or more and 115° or less with respect to the stirring direction of polyvinyl chloride resin is 24% or more based on a total amount of ultraviolet light radiated from the light source taken as 100%.

Abstract: Materials such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) and hydrocarbon-containing materials are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, or oil sands, oil shale, tar sands, bitumen, and coal to produce altered materials such as fuels (e.g., ethanol and/or butanol). The processing includes exposing the materials to an ion beam.

Abstract: A method of producing a cycloalkanone oxime by a photochemical reaction of a cycloalkane with a photo nitrosating agent in a liquid by light irradiation includes irradiating the liquid with a light source configured to emit light satisfying conditions that, in an emission energy distribution with respect to wavelength of light, a wavelength providing a maximum value of emission energy is 550 nm to 700 nm and a continuous wavelength range including the wavelength providing the maximum value and outputting energy of or over 5% of the maximum value is equal to or less than 150 nm, wherein a ratio ?E/V of a light irradiation energy ?E out of electric power E input into the light source to a reaction volume V which is a volume of a space for the photochemical reaction of the cycloalkane with the photo nitrosating agent is equal to or greater than 5.5 w/L.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for splitting water. In the present method, first, prepared is a water splitting device comprising: cathode and anode containers in which first and second electrolyte solutions are stored respectively; a proton exchange membrane disposed therebetween; a cathode electrode in contact with the first electrolyte solution and comprises a metal or metal compound; and an anode electrode in contact with the second electrolyte solution and comprises a nitride semiconductor layer. Then, the anode electrode is irradiated with light to split water contained in the first electrolyte solution. The anode electrode comprises a cobalt oxide layer formed of Co3O4 as a main component on a surface of the nitride semiconductor layer; the surface of the nitride semiconductor layer being in contact with the second electrolyte solution. The cathode electrode is electrically connected to the anode electrode without an external power supply.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from formaldehyde, the method comprising obtaining an aqueous mixture having a basic pH and comprising formaldehyde, an iron containing photocatalyst, and a base, and subjecting the aqueous mixture to light to produce hydrogen (H2) gas from the formaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a feedstock containing one or more fatty acid triglycerides to a mixture containing one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and t-alkyl glycerols, including reacting the feedstock with a compound of formula (I): R—O—RI??(I) wherein: RI is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1-18 carbon atoms; R is H or a tertiary alkyl group, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an acid transesterification catalyst by irradiation with microwaves and/or ultrasound and/or radio waves.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for synthesizing one or more simple alcohols from mixtures including organic acids, water, and a superparamagnetic catalyst exposed to fluctuating magnetic fields under ambient conditions.

Abstract: The activation of the C—H bond using low temperature plasma with an inlet liquid stream such that value added products are formed effectively. An organic liquid (e.g., hexane which is immiscible with liquid water) is injected into a flowing gas (argon) stream followed by mixing with a liquid water stream. Thereafter, the mixture contacts a plasma region formed by a pulsed electric discharge. The plasma formed with the flowing liquid and gas between the two electrodes causes chemical reactions that generate various compounds.

Abstract: A device with a pouch having a pouch wall with an inner side and an outer side, the pouch wall defining an interior of the pouch. A plurality of electrodes embedded in the pouch wall with at least one electrode partially exposed within the interior of the pouch. The plurality of electrodes generate plasma within the interior of the pouch in response to application of an voltage to the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an advanced oxidation process for providing advanced oxidation products to an environment. More particularly, the present invention provides a device, system, and method utilizing an advanced oxidation process to react with and neutralize compounds in an environment, including microbes, odor causing chemicals, and other organic and inorganic chemicals. The device, system, and method of the present invention employ a wick structure to collect and concentrate water vapor, so that the water vapor may subsequently be used to generate advanced oxidation products.