Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel highly active, highly selective hydrotreating catalysts. These catalysts are prepared, in bulk or in supported form, from a catalyst precursor characterized by the formula B.sub.x [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] where B is an ammonium ion, polyammonium ion, tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, or a hydrocarbyl substituted ammonium ion, hydrocarbyl substituted polyammonium ion, or hydrocarbyl substituted tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, x is 1 where B is a divalent cationic moiety, or 2 where B is a monovalent cationic moiety, [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] is a divalent anionic moiety wherein z is an integer greater than 15. The catalyst precursor is dispersed in an ammonium sulfide or dilute ammonium polysulfide solution and heated to remove sulfur from said catalyst precursor to provide a z value of 15 or less. Carbon is also removed from the catalyst precursor and, where B of the B.sub.x [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.

Abstract: A process for converting coal to liquid hydrocarbonaceous products involving a liquefaction reaction in the presence of a coal derived recycle slurry and a non-coal derived solvent comprising a hydrocarbonaceous oil or distillation bottom residue thereof intrinsically contaminated with greater than 300 ppm total of vanadium and nickel. The liquefaction reaction is performed under hydrogen pressure (approximately 500-4000 psi) and under elevated temperature (approximately 300.degree.-500.degree. C.) using a weight ratio of non-coal derived solvent to coal of about 1/1 or less. The conversion of coal to liquids is greatly enhanced by the use of such a non-coal derived solvent under these conditions.

Abstract: Refined waxes and dewaxed lubricating oil basestocks are simultaneously produced in a reversed deoiling-dewaxing process employing conventional dewaxing solvents and existing process equipment. Improved yields, lower solvent useage, and higher throughputs are achieved using dewaxing aids in the final stage. Waxy hydrocarbon oils are solvent dewaxed to a temperature which produces a low oil content refined high melting point hard wax product which is recovered, e.g. by filtration. The hard wax product can be deoiled. The filtrate from the initial dewaxing operation is then injected with dewaxing aid and further chilled in secondary chiller means such as scraped surface chillers to a lower temperature to produce more deeply dewaxed oil and a low melting point soft wax product which are separated e.g. by filtration. The low melting point wax is desolvated and the dewaxing aid may be recovered for example by passing the wax through a membrane or by distillation.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures into single components, in which the mixtures in vapor phase pass onto an adsorption bed formed by a potassium-exchanged Y zeolite, which is preventively saturated with desorbent vapors. According to the invention the desorbent used is isopropylbenzene in vapor phase. This facilitates the quick separation of the pure components, with the exception of the presence of desorbent. The process according to this invention is quicker in comparison to traditional ones. It requires the use of lower charges of desorbent and allows the separation of single pure components of the mixtures. It especially improves the paraxylene separation in higher concentrations with respect to the desorbent.

Abstract: A process for converting coal, comprising, subjecting a slurry composed essentially of coal, a hydrocarbon solvent and a hydrogenation catalyst to primary hydrogenation to liquify the coal, separating the ash content of said coal from the reaction product thereby obtaining a liquified product, subjecting at least a portion of the liquified product to secondary hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst thereby converting the liquified product to light oil product, the secondary hydrogenation step being a point of supply of hydrogenation catalyst to the coal conversion system, separating the hydrogenation catalyst from the reaction product of the secondary hydrogenation step, and returning said separated hydrogenation catalyst to the primary hydrogenation step where it is used as the catalyst for primary hydrogenation of said slurry.

Abstract: A process for converting a charge stock comprising normally liquid hydrocarbons in a riser conversion zone with an active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst wherein a suspension of hot regenerated active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in a lift gas comprising hydrocarbons including not more than 10 mole % C.sub.3 and heavier hydrocarbons (calculated on a water-free basis) is passed through a first treatment section of the riser conversion zone at conditions selected to treat the catalyst prior to any contact with the charge stock while simultaneously accelerating the catalyst to a velocity sufficient to provide turbulent dilute flow at the point of contact with the charge stock; thereafter a charge stock is introduced into the suspension of treated particles in the riser conversion zone downstream of the treatment section to form a mixture of catalyst, charge stock and lift gas having the catalyst relatively uniformly distributed therethrough.

Abstract: A large pore zeolite is selectively coked to restrict the zeolite's pore size. The coked zeolite is used for shape selective dewaxing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a quick drying and setting coal binding system which comprises (a) an aqueous solution of SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O or SiO.sub.2 /K.sub.2 O; (b) a water soluble surfactant; and (c) an organic ester.

Abstract: A process for converting normally liquid hydrocarbons with an active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises:(a) passing a suspension of hot regenerated active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in a lift gas comprising hydrocarbons including not more than 10 mole % C.sub.3 and heavier hydrocarbons through a horizontally oriented lower portion of a riser conversion zone at a velocity of from about 1.8 to less than 12.2 meters per second, and for a residence time from about 0.5 to about 15 seconds, the ratio of catalyst to hydrocarbon in said lift gas being greater than 80; and(b) introducing the normally liquid hydrocarbons into the upflowing suspension at a vertically orientated locus in the riser conversion zone downstream of the lower portion to form a catalyst-hydrocarbon mixture wherein the temperature and residence time are sufficient to effect the desired conversion.The process is particularly useful for the treatment of a heavy residual feedstock.

Abstract: A process is described wherein C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 paraffins are dehydrogenated over a catalyst which has been prepared by(a) impregnating an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 carrier with an aqueous solution of a Sn-compound;(b) calcining the impregnated carrier;(c) impregnating the composition with an aqueous solution of a Pt-compound;(d) reducing the composition;(e) removing at least part of any halogen introduced in step (a) and/or (c) by treating the composition with a non-acidic solution comprising NH.sub.4.sup.+ ions until the halogen content of the final catalyst amounts to less than 0.1% w; and(f) impregnating the composition with a non-acidic (halogen-free) aqueous solution of an alkali metal compound.The C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -olefins formed are converted to aromatic gasoline over a catalyst containing a crystalline metal silicate having a ZSM-5 structure.

Abstract: Arsenic impurities are removed from a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, preferably shale oil, by contacting it with an aqueous solution of a polyacrylamide.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a crystalline zeolite which has been treated by reaction with a compound having a complex fluoroanion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel highly active, highly selective hydrotreating catalysts. These catalysts are prepared, in bulk or in supported form, by contacting together and decomposing, in the presence of hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and sulfur, a catalyst precursor characterized by the formula B.sub.x [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] where B is an ammonium ion, polyammonium ion, tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, or a hydrocarbyl substituted ammonium ion, hydrocarbyl substituted polyammonium ion, or hydrocarbyl substituted tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, x is 1 where B is a divalent cationic moiety, or 2 where B is a monovalent cationic moiety, [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] is a divalent anionic moiety wherein z is an integer ranging from about 10 to about 46. A preferred precursor catalyst species is Mo.sub.3 (S.sub.2).sub.6 S.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprising molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles which have been contacted with aqueous ammonia and is employed in the hydrotreating process to reduce the sulfer and nitrogen content of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a supported crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said supported zeolite being prepared by compositing said crystalline zeolite with a support matrix material, calcining the resulting supported zeolite, contacting said calcined supported zeolite with volatile boron fluoride in a dry environment until said supported zeolite is saturated with said boron fluoride, purging unreacted boron fluoride from said boron fluoride contacted supported zeolite, hydrolyzing said boron fluoride contacted supported zeolite, and converting said hydrolyzed material to hydrogen form.

Abstract: Pentane derived from fractionation of sulfur-containing natural gasoline is desulfurized to low levels of sulfur, e.g., 1 ppm or below, in a process comprised of contacting the pentane in a first zone with molecular sieve adsorbent to remove dimethylsulfide and then in a second zone with activated carbon to remove carbon disulfide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a hydrogenated petroleum resin in which a petroleum resin having an aromatic ring is hydrogenated by introducing hydrogen gas and the molten petroleum resin from the upper or lower part of a vertical reactor to parallel-currently pass them through a fixed bed of a supported catalyst containing platinum and/or rhodium which may be used in combination with at most 50% by weight of a metal selected from palladium, ruthenium and rhenium.

Abstract: A supported carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide catalyst useful for conducting methanation and hydrotreating reactions, principally the latter, can be formed by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formulaB.sub.x [MO.sub.y S.sub.

Abstract: There is provided a method and catalyst for removing catalyst-poisoning impurities or contaminants such as arsenic, iron and nickel from hydrocarbonaceous fluids, particularly shale oil and fractions thereof. More particularly there is provided a method of removal of such impurities by contacting the fluids with a copper-Group VIA metal-alumina catalyst. For example, a copper-molybdenum-alumina catalyst may be used as a guard bed material in a step preceding most refining operations, such as desulfurization, denitrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: Removal of particulate solids and water from petroleum crudes to bring the BS&W content of the crude within pipeline specifications is accomplished with the aid of a demulsifier comprising an anionic surfactant soluble in oil, a nonionic surfactant insoluble in water and dispersible in oil, and a cationic surfactant soluble in water, the anionic surfactant being in a major proportion, the nonionic and cationic surfactant being in lesser proportions.