Abstract: A catalyst comprising precious metal particles supported on a carrier obtained from (a) titania as a first component and (b) as a second component at least one metal oxide selected from oxides of magnesium, strontium, lanthanum, yttrium, cerium, zirconium, silicon and tin, is effective for catalytic combustion of a fuel at a temperature of 400.degree. to 1500.degree. C. with excellent durability.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a zeolite composition prepared by a method which comprises compositing a specific zeolite material with alumina, impregnating the composite with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal fluoride under vacuum, contacting the impregnated composite with an ammonium salt solution and calcining the resulting material.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved two-stage process for the production of liquid carbonaceous fuels and solvents from carbonaceous solid fuels, especially coal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of hydrocarbon oils from other heavier oils such as vacuum residua and, more particularly, to an improved process for deasphalting petroleum oils containing those asphalts. In one aspect of the invention, the process treats a solvent which has contacted the heavy oil with a gaseous antisolvent to separate effectively and usually without distillation, the solvent from the extracted oil. The deasphalted oil product typically will have low metals contaminants and enhanced MCR. Utilities or energy requirements for the process may be improved over prior art processes.

Abstract: Catalytic dewaxing is effected with reduced coking by use of catalyst containing 0.5 w %-2.5 w % platinum-palladium group metal on hydrogen mordenite, the catalyst having been calcined at 1200.degree. F.-1600.degree. F. prior to use whereby it acquires activated sites (not present in mordenite products calcined at lower temperature) which are retained under anhydrous conditions.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,6-octadiene by reacting 1,3-butadiene with formic acid in the presence of a platinum(II) catalyst and a polymeric tertiary amine catalyst is described. The combination of a platinum(II) catalyst such as platinum acetylacetonate with a polymeric tertiary amine promoter such as AMBERLYST.RTM. A21 macroreticular ion-exchange resin gives a high selectivity to 1,6-octadiene as opposed to the 1,7-octadiene form. A reaction temperature between 50.degree. and 150.degree. C. is preferred, and carbon dioxide and a solvent may also be employed.

Abstract: A process wherein coal is reacted with a hot gas stream to produce acetylene. The process comprises the sequential steps of reacting a fuel, oxygen and steam under controlled conditions of temperature to produce a hot gas stream principally comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam along with minor amounts of carbon dioxide, and essentially free of O, OH and O.sub.2. The hot gas stream is accelerated to a high velocity and impinged upon a stream of particulate bituminous or subbituminous coal and thereafter the mixture of hot gas and coal is decelerated to a velocity of from about 150 to 300 feet per second. The amounts of the streams of particulate coal and hot gas are controlled to produce in the reaction zone a pressure in the range of from about 10 to 100 psia and a temperature of from about 1800.degree. to 3000.degree. F.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed wherein a particulate catalyst support has cosputtered on its surface a mixture of a catalytically active metal such as Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, Re, Rh, Ru or Ir and a cosputtered support material which preferably is the same material as the catalyst support.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce and stabilize shale oil. In the process, raw oil shale is retorted with heat carrier material to liberate an effluent product stream comprising hydrocarbons and entrained particulates of oil shale dust. In order to minimize polymerization of the product stream and agglomerate the shale dust, the product stream is stabilized with a hydrogen donor quench in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst upon exiting the retort. The quenched stream is subsequently purged of catalyst, dedusted, and upgraded.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring xenon concentration in xenon cerebral blood-flow studies operates under the control of a microprocessor which is used to monitor the patient's breathing cycle and to control a sampling pump in order to assure that only end-tidal gas is sampled. A xenon gas mixture is delivered to a patient by means of a mask assembly. At the end of each exhale cycle, the patient's end-tidal gas is held in a chamber on the exhale side of the mask assembly. At the start of the next inhale cycle, the microprocessor activates the sampling pump which draws end-tidal gas into a thermal conductivity detector. The output of the detector is transmitted through an A/D converter and the resultant value stored in the microprocessor memory along with the time of the sample. At the completion of a CT scan series, the accumulated data in the microprocessor is transferred to the CT-system-housed computer to be used in the reconstruction of cerebral blood-flow images using conventional techniques.

Abstract: A process is provided for the manufacture of methyl mercaptan with substantial reduction of by-product methane by intimate mixture of carbon oxide, sulfur or hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure with a single-phase, solid catalyst system comprising a porous alumina-containing support upon which is deposited a mixture of manganese sulfide and alkali metal sulfide.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system for measuring and controlling the concentration of hydrogen in hydrogen recycle processes used in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. The system is intended to permit reduction in hydrogen use in hydrogen-consuming hydrogen recycle processes. The system is dependent on the recognition that a decrease in cooling medium temperature results in an increase in vent gas flow, which can be decreased to the minimum permissible without endangering catalyst activity and stability and product yield if hydrogen concentration is monitored, and that partial pressure is the key parameter.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for upgrading a variety of hydrocarbon oils including low-grade crudes and fractions thereof. In this process, a hydrocarbon oil having an ASTM 50% temperature not higher than 550.degree. F. is converted at low temperature and pressure to more volatile products by a dispersion of crystalline zeolite catalysts having a silica: alumina ratio of at least 12 and a C.I. within 1-12. Initially, 0.02-10 wt % of the catalyst is dispersed in the feed until the catalyst inventory in the reactor stage accumulates. Thereafter, catalyst is added and removed to maintain a total catalyst content not greater than about 35 wt % of the feed in the reactor.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for enhancing the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous fluids from oil shale containing organic carbon material which comprises heating the oil shale in a retort vessel to a temperature at which thermal decomposition of the organic carbons is initiated. After the initial thermal decomposition temperature is reached, a pre-determined quantity of oil is introduced into the retort wherein the amount of added oil is sufficient to enhance the organic carbon conversion to hydrocarbonaceous fluids and wherein the majority of the added oil does not distill at the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the organic carbons in the shale. Subsequently, the retort temperature is increased to that temperature where the highest amount of organic carbon conversion is obtained. This second higher temperature is maintained for a period of time sufficient to allow substantial conversion of organic carbon material.

Abstract: An improved visbreaking process having a lower utilities (heating fuel) cost is disclosed. The feed stream is heated by indirect heat exchange against the bottoms stream of a first fractionation column, which receives the effluent of the visbreaking heater. A portion of this bottoms stream is then used as quench. This quench stream is hotter and has a higher flow rate than previous designs. The feed is heated to a higher temperture by the indirect heat exchange and therefore less fuel is required in the visbreaker fired heater.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce and stabilize shale oil. In the process, raw oil shale is retorted with heat carrier material to liberate an effluent product stream comprising hydrocarbons and entrained particulates of oil shale dust. In order to minimize polymerization of the product stream and enhance agglomeration of the shale dust, the product stream is stabilized with a hydrogen donor quench upon exiting the retort. The quenched stream is subsequently dedusted and upgraded.

Abstract: Trace metals, particularly As, Fe and Ni, are removed from hydrocarbonaceous oils, particularly shale oil by contacting the shale oil with quadrolobe alumina with or without a processing gas such as hydrogen or nitrogen at 500.degree. F. to 800.degree. F. at 250 to 750 psig and LHSV of 0.4 to 3.0 to deposit a portion of said trace metal onto said alumina and recover an oil product having substantially reduced amounts of trace metal.

Abstract: A delayed coking process is provided in which the fresh oil is introduced into the coker product fractionator and in which a stream of heavy oil product is withdrawn from the fractionator before it can contact the fresh oil. The stream of heavy oil product withdrawn from the fractionator is subjected to solvent separation to produce a high Conradson carbon product and a low Conradson carbon product. At least a portion of the low Conradson carbon product is recovered and the high Conradson carbon product is recycled to the coking zone.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed injection method is provided in which concentric inlet conduits carry hydrocarbon liquid and steam. Small nozzles located on the outer steam-carrying conduit discharge steam in the direction of the inner wall of the transfer line reactor to protect the inner wall from carbonaceous deposits. The hydrocarbon feed nozzles are staged along a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transfer line.

Abstract: An improved nutrient supplement is disclosed for enhancing the growth of mushroom mycelium in a compost bed comprising a particulate nutrient supplement having at least a partial coating of a hydrophobic material that is not readily assimilable by competing microorganisms in the compost.