Abstract: Regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of trans-internal olefins is effected with transition metal catalyst complexes having pairs of associated active sites. Photolytic conditions are generally employed.

Abstract: Single-stage thermolysis of C.sub.8 and C.sub.9 aromatics at temperatures in excess of 900.degree. C. and pressures of less than 0.2 torr or in the presence of steam in excess of 800.degree. C., in the absence of catalysts yields styrene and/or p-methylstyrene in high yields, providing a process for the conversion of xylenes and p-ethyltoluene to preferred styrene monomers.

Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous solids are pyrolyzed in a process employing a series of alternate pyrolysis zones and combustion zones preferably arranged along an incline. In particular, low grade hydrocarbonaceous solids are employed to supplement combustion in these alternating combustion zones.

Abstract: In a two-stage liquefaction, hydrogenated 850.degree. F.+ residuum from the second stage is used in formulating the first stage liquefaction solvent.

Abstract: A process for converting olefinic feedstock, such as synthol olefinic liquid product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, to distillate hydrocarbons comprising the steps of contacting the feedstock at elevated temperature and pressure with acid zeolite conversion catalyst to oligomerize olefins and convert oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in said light oil at temperatures up to 325.degree. C. and in the presence of H.sub.2, thereby providing an effluent containing heavy distillate range hydrocarbon, light gas and byproduct water.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of a tertiary double bonded olefin having a hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom vicinal to the tertiary carbon of the double bond comprises treating the olefin in a solution of dry liquid sulfur dioxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from oxygen, a hydroperoxide or a protic acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The reaction effluent from an oxydehydrogenation reactor, used in the preparation of t-butylstyrene from t-butylethylbenzene, is subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with a sulfolane-water mixture to separate unreacted t-butylethylbenzene from t-butylstyrene.

Abstract: A process for converting oxygenated feedstock comprising methanol, dimethyl ether or the like to liquid hydrocarbons comprising the steps ofcontacting the feedstock with zeolite catalyst in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert feedstock to hydrocarbons comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons;cooling and separating effluent from the primary stage to recover a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a light hydrocarbon vapor stream rich in C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins;compressing the olefinic light hydrocarbon stream to condense a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon stream rich in C.sub.3.sup.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbons into light hydrocarbons which comprises contacting, in a first zone, a heavy hydrocarbon having an API gravity at 25.degree. C. of less than about 20, such as Boscan heavy crude oil and tar sand bitumen, with a liquid comprising water, in the absence of externally added catalyst and hydrogen, while maintaining the first zone at a temperature between 400.degree. and about 480.degree. C. and at a pressure at least about 690 kPa (about 100 psig, about 6.76 atm) and less than about 5,000 kPa (about 725 psig, about 148 atm), for a contact time under continuous flow conditions sufficient to produce a uniform (i.e.

Abstract: The new tetraene of formula: ##STR1## is useful particularly as an intermediate in the synthesis of, for example, hexahydropseudoionone, pseudoionone and vitamin A.It may be made by dehydrochlorinating 3-chloro-2-methyl-6-methylene-1,3,7-octadiene in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an inorganic base.

Abstract: Dialkenylbenzene compounds, present in t-butylstyrene in small quantities as impurities are removed by liquid/liquid extraction using aqueous sulfolane as solvent.

Abstract: A start-up procedure wherein a halogenated rhenium-containing catalyst, to improve its performance in reforming naphtha feeds, is contacted with water, added with the hydrogen and said feed. During the start-up period, preferably on initiation of the start-up period after aromatics production has begun, a naphtha feed, hydrogen and water are passed cocurrently through the several reactors of a reforming unit and reacted over the halogenated rhenium-containing catalyst. Water is generally added with the naphtha and hydrogen, preferably to the initial reactor of the series of reactors of the reforming unit, in concentration ranging from about 100 vppm of hydrogen to about 10,000 vppm of hydrogen, preferably from about 100 vppm to about 5000 vppm of hydrogen.

Abstract: For the preparation of spheroidal alumina, an alumina sol having a solids content of more than 20 to 40% by weight of alumina is prepared from alumina hydrate, which consists of boehmite/pseudo-boehmite, by thorough stirring in aqueous dilute acid, and the alumina sol is caused in the presence of 1 to 10% by weight of urea to drop into a forming column whose top portion is filled with a liquid hydrocarbon and whose bottom portion is filled with an aqueous solution of ammonia and which is held at room temperature, and the thus formed spheroidal particles are dried and activated. The resultant spheroidal particles may also be subjected to a per se known aging treatment.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process for the operation of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. The process utilizes catalyst compositions characterized as a particulate material which can be oriented within, and formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed which comprises: (i) particles of average size ranging from about 10 micrometers (.mu.m) to about 4000 .mu.m, each containing a nonferromagnetic component and a catalytically active component composited with a single elongate ferromagnetic component or plurality of parallelly aligned elongate ferromagnetic components. The ferromagnetic component, or components, are multidomain, having dimensions of at least 1 .mu.m in all directions and a length:diameter (L/D) ratio of at least 2 but not more than 17.3, and the ferromagnetic component, or components, is present in the composite particles as inclusions within a nonferromagnetic matrix constituting at least 0.5%, preferably at least 5%, but not more than 3/2(L/D).sup.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process with a composition which exhibits high induced magnetism in a small applied magnetic field when formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and which comprises particles containing a nonferromagnetic component, or components, composited with a plurality of elongated ferromagnetic components, randomly oriented and present in each of said particles in relatively low concentration, based on the total volume of the particles; a process for formation of said compositions and a process wherein such composite particles are formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and contacted with a fluid, preferably gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrocracking SGE of carbonaceous material to produce light distillate, including chemical feedstocks and transport fuels.A mixture of crushed coal and a solvent is fed to an extractor 1 wherein the solvent is heated and pressurized to form a supercritical gas. Carbonaceous material is extracted from the coal into the gas. The unextracted coal, including ash and some carbonaceous material, is separated from the SGE in solution in the supercritical solvent in a separation stage 2. The SGE in the solvent is maintained in the supercritical state and fed to a hydrocracking stage 3 wherein it is mixed with excess hydrogen. After hydrocracking, the SGE in supercritical solution is passed through a pressure let-down valve 4 to a distillation stage 5 wherein the product of the hydrocracking stage 3 is separated into gases, solvent for recycling, light distillate and material boiling above 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A fast fluidized bed regenerator of an FCC apparatus is improved by incorporating into the regenerator an internal riser, for more complete combustion of coke, and by providing a means of preventing catalyst flow reversals between the spent and regenerated beds of the catalyst.

Abstract: An improved method of reducing fouling and corrosion in ethylene cracking furnaces using petroleum feedstocks, the improvement comprising treating the petroleum feedstock with at least 10 ppm of a compound chosen from the group consisting of phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters and mixtures thereof, said esters being characterized by the formulas: ##STR1## where X equals S or O, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water soluble amine, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aralkyl group provided that in at least one and not more than two of each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are water soluble amines having partition coefficients greater than 1.0.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process wherein composite catalyst particles are formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and contacted with a fluid, preferably gas. The composition is one which exhibits high induced magnetism in a small applied magnetic field when formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. The particles contain a non-ferromagnetic component, or components, composited with one or a plurality of elongated ferromagnetic components, oriented and present in each of said particles in relatively low concentration, based on the total volume of the particles.

Abstract: The operating performance of a multi-stage fixed bed adiabatic reactor system with interstage cooling designed for the exothermic conversion of methanol to light olefins is improved by cofeeding small quantities of light olefins with the methanol feed whereby a more controllable operation is achieved. Catalyst activity and cycle length also improves significantly. The light olefins can be produced in situ during dehydration.