Abstract: A residual oil conversion process which comprises converting residual oils and regenerating the conversion catalyst wherein the catalyst is selected from LZ-210, LZ-210-M, LZ-210-T, LZ-210-A and mixtures thereof and is a zeolitic aluminosilicate which has a mole ratio of oxide in the dehydrated state of(0.85-1.1)M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :x SiO.sub.2wherein M is a cation having a valence of "n", "x" is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2, said zeolitic aluminosilicate has a X-ray powder diffraction pattern having at least the d-spacings of Table A, and said zeolitic aluminosilicate has extraneous silicon atoms in the crystal lattice in the form of framework SiO.sub.4 tetrahedra.

Abstract: An improved retort process in which oil is recovered from crushed oil shale moved by gravity through a passageway of an elongated housing with an inlet for the crushed oil shale at the top end and an outlet for the spent crushed oil shale at the bottom end of the housing, with the rate of movement of the crushed oil shale through the passageway in the housing being controlled. Heat is transferred in sequence to or from the ground oil shale as it moves from the inlet to the outlet by means of heat exchangers which are spaced to define a drying zone, a preheating zone, a cracking and distillation zone. Waste heat recovered from the waste heat recovery zone is passed to the preheating zone. Sufficient heat is delivered to the cracking and distillation zone to raise the temperature of the crushed oil shale moving through the cracking and distillation zone to the critical temperature for separating hydrocarbons in vapor form therefrom by means of an auxiliary heating assembly.

Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali metal carbonate solvent, titanium oxide, and an alkaline earth reactant selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, strontium oxide, and mixtures thereof, is heated to melt the alkali metal carbonate solvent in which the reactants dissolve and react precipitating a titanate selected from the group consisting of barium titanate, strontium titanate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for direct liquefaction of coal, which consists of selenium, a selenium compound, or a mixture of selenium or the selenium compound with a metal oxide, and a method of directly liquefying coal in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: In this invention, a process is disclosed characterized by heating a slurry of coal in the presence of a process-derived recycle solvent and passing same to a dissolver zone, separating the resultant gases and liquid/solid products therefrom, vacuum distilling the liquid/solids products, separating the portions of the liquid/solids vacuum distillation effluent into a solid ash, unconverted coal particles and SRC material having a boiling point above 850.degree. F. and subjecting same to a critical solvent deashing step to provide an ash-free SRC product. The lighter liquid products from the vacuum distillation possess a boiling point below 850.degree. F. and are passed through a distillation tower, from which recycled solvent is recovered in addition to light distillate boiling below 400.degree. F. (overhead).

Abstract: A process is provided for converting pitch-containing residual hydrocarbon oils containing asphaltenes, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and heavy metals into distillate fuels, which comprises: mixing from about 5-60% v residual oils with catalytic cracking feedstock and with hydrogen and passing said mixture downwardly into a hydrotreating zone over a stackedbed catalyst under conditions suitable to convert from about 45-75% of the sulfur compounds present in the mixture to H.sub.2 S; wherein said stacked bed comprises an upper bed consisting of from about 15-85 % v, basis total catalyst, of a high-activity hydrotreating catalyst which contains from about 2-4% w nickel, from about 8-15% w molybdenum and from about 2-4% w phosphorus supported on a carrier consisting mostly of alumina, and a lower bed of a high-activity, hydrodesulfurization catalyst consisting of from about 2-4% w cobalt and/or nickel, from about 8-15% w molybdenum and less than about 0.

Abstract: Aluminum phosphate having reduced fines is produced by gelling said aluminum phosphate in the presence of an acrylamide polymer. The resulting support is of primary utility as a base for a chromium olefin polymerization catalyst but is also suitable as a support for titanium catalysts such as TiCl.sub.3, TiCl.sub.4 /MgCl.sub.2 and other conventional catalysts typically associated with polymerization of propylene.

Abstract: Olefins are produced by containing an organic compound having at least one benzene ring with ethylenediamine and calcium metal, the calcium metal being used in large excess or alternatively in conjunction with an inert abrasive particulate substance. Substantially all of the organic compounds are converted to corresponding cyclic olefins, largely mono-olefins.

Abstract: In the extraction of bitumen oils from oil sands, the raw material is first slurried with a stream of hot water under conditions promoting the release of the bitumen oils without disintegration of clay in the raw material; the water to raw material is at least 1:1 by weight. The slurry is separated into an oil-rich component, a solids component, and a middlings component containing essentially water and fines with only minor proportions of oil and solids. The middlings component, after removal of the contained fines and the solids is recycled as a part of the slurrying water.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from oil shale and other solids containing organic matter by passing a liquid organic solvent downwardly through an extraction zone in contact with said solids at an elevated pressure sufficient to maintain said solvent in the liquid phase and at a temperature below about 900.degree. F., preferably between about 650.degree. F. and about 900.degree. F., in order to extract hydrocarbons from the solids into the solvent. The extracted hydrocarbons are then recovered from the solvent by fractionation. Normally, heat is supplied to the extraction zone by passing a hot, nonoxidizing gas, preferably an oxygen-free gas generated within the process, downwardly through the extraction zone in cocurrent flow with the liquid organic solvent.

Abstract: A starting pitch for carbon fibers is obtained by mixing (1) 100 parts by volume of a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. and obtained at the time of fluidized catalytic cracking of petroleum with (2) 10 to 200 parts by volume of a fraction boiling in the range of 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. obtained by distilling under reduced pressure an oil produced at the time of heat treating a starting pitch and then heat treating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from 370.degree. C. to 480.degree. C. under a pressure of from 2 to 50 Kg/cm.sup.2.G thereby to obtain the starting pitch for carbon fibers. The thus obtained starting pitch is heat treated to obtain a precursor pitch which is melt spun, infusibilized, carbonized or graphitized to obtain the carbon fibers.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbons are oxidized in the presence of a redox catalyst metal in combination with an alkali metal or alkaline metal promoter.

Abstract: Coal and residual oil are simultaneously processed in a reactor with a combustion zone at the bottom and a fluidized bed on top of it. The residual oil is injected into heat exchange relationship with the top of the fluidized bed where it is cracked with heat generated by the combustion.

Abstract: A treatment of highly viscous and very dense oils at the oil field to effect their desalting, and resulting in the production of an easily transportable hydrocarbon mixture of reduced viscosity, comprising the steps of:(a) diluting the crude oil with a hydrocarbon cut obtained in step (d);(b) subjecting the effluent from step (a) to a desalting-dehydration treatment;(c) subjecting the effluent from step (b) to hydrovisbreaking; and(d) distilling the effluent from step (c), and recycling a hydrocarbon cut to step (a), the remaining part forming a synthetic crude oil of reduced viscosity.

Abstract: Supported palladium-gold catalyst of high resistance to poisoning by sulfur compounds, not subject to elution by vinylacetylene and not inducing a substantial formation of oligomers, for use in hydrogenation reactions wherein acetylenics and diolefins are selectively hydrogenated, said catalyst being obtained by the steps of: admixing a palladium compound with an inorganic carrier, roasting in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, treating with a reducing agent, admixing a halogenated gold compound with the resulting composition, treating with a reducing agent, treating with a compound having a basic reaction so as to lower the halogen content of the catalyst below 10 ppm by weight, and roasting, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, the palladium and gold compounds being used in convenient proportions so that the catalyst contains 0.03 to 1% palladium and 0.003 to 0.3% gold by weight.

Abstract: Olefins are produced by contacting an organic compound having at least one benzene ring with calcium metal, ethylenediamine, a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol, and optionally a low molecular weight aliphatic primary amine, and/or an inert, abrasive particulate substance. The reduction is conducted at temperatures ranging from about -10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. or somewhat higher. Substantially all of the organic compounds are converted to corresponding cyclic olefins, primarily diolefins.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing high quality aromatic solvents in the middle distillate range containing 95.sup.+ % aromatics by contacting the liquid feed with a perm selective membrane under pressure thereby selectively permeating the aromatic components as the high quality solvents. This separation can be performed by contacting the feed stream in combination with a low boiling light polar aromatics extraction solvent (such as acetonitrile) with the membrane. The middle distillate feed has a molecular weight range of about 120 to 250 g/mole and an aromatic content of 75 to 90 volume percent aromatics and preferably 80 to 90 volume percent aromatics. The membranes which can be employed to effect this separation are selected from the group of regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate and polyimide membranes, preferably the polyimide membranes.

Abstract: Spent catalyst is continuously regenerated in a fluid catalytic cracking system by forcing air to flow through such a catalyst bed to burn carbonaceous material from it and to heat such catalyst for fluid catalytic contact with a hydrocarbon feed stream in a reactor transfer line or riser.The combustion of carbonaceous material is optimized by controlling the rate of air flow through the bed, supported on an open grid having openings which are substantially larger than the average diameter of the catalyst particles. This assures even air flow throughout the bed. Such air flow is optimized by collecting catalyst that may backflow under low flow conditions from below one of the lowest grid openings. The particles are withdrawn from a collector in a minor portion of the air flowing to the catalyst bed. The presence of catalyst is detected either by direct observation or by temperature measurement.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of [2,2]-paracyclophane comprises contacting aqueous p-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, and preferably in the further presence of an inert water-immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: A method for improving the storage stability of shale oil liquids by extracting or contacting the shale oil with a base solution having a pH of at least about 7.5 to inhibit the formation or reduce the level of sediment and gum which can form in said shale oil.