Abstract: An auxiliary combustion chamber shell of an internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber having an intake valve and an exhaust valve, an auxiliary combustion chamber having no intake valve, a passage communicating the main and auxiliary combustion chambers, and an ignition spark plug whose electrode is positioned in the auxiliary combustion chamber. The auxiliary combustion chamber is pressed into a cylinder head to improve radiation effect, and held fast by the ignition spark plug. The auxiliary combustion chamber is divided into a high temperature portion adjacent to the communication passage and a secluded portion opposite the passage where the temperature is relatively low.

Abstract: To simplify the circuitry and improve reliability of pre-heat, glow-plug or the like operation while using a conventional automotive OFF-ON-START switch, a momentary-operation pre-heat switch is included in the circuit, as well as a heat-sensitive relay and a timing circuit, the heat-sensitive relay determining if pre-heating has been sufficient, and the timing relay then providing a limited time period to permit starting of the engine while still maintaining pre-heat conditions but discontinuing pre-heat conditions if starting is not commanded.

Abstract: In operation of an internal combustion engine, a lamina of air is introduced into the combustion chamber to line the wall thereof, the fuel being admitted into the interior of the lamina of air. The air lamina may be introduced along a cylinder wall through an annular valve which encompasses an inlet and an exhaust valve, and a secondary air flow may take place through the exhaust valve to a position adjacent the exhaust valve. In an alternative, air is admitted annularly about a fuel inlet valve. In a two-stroke engine, air entering the combustion chamber is driven by the incom fuel mixture to form a lamina which lines the wall of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a lean-burning internal combustion engine. The system and method enable a starter carburetor to operate at cold but not at hot temperature, to provide gulp air and counterbalance means for the starter carburetor, together with means to inhibit them at startup and for a brief time thereafter, and to inhibit exhaust gas recirculation when it would be deleterious to smooth operation. The system also provides for continuous accelerator pump operation during acceleration except at high temperatures. The objective is to secure smooth operation at startup, cold, warm or hot, and during transient conditions during engine warmup.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with an auxiliary combustion chamber is provided with a main combustion chamber for the combustion of an air-fuel mixture, an auxiliary combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber through a passage, such that the ignition of an air-fuel mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber induces ignition and combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber, and an intake valve provided in the auxiliary combustion chamber for opening and closing a passage which leads to a fuel supply means. The engine further includes an intake valve lifter having a piston member which is associated with the intake valve and a cylinder member in which such piston member moves, a fluid pressure supply device driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine to supply a fluid pressure, and a fluid pressure supply passage for feeding the fluid pressure which is supplied by the fluid pressure supply device to the intake valve lifter.

Abstract: An engine cylinder head has valves reciprocally mounted thereto, each valve having a head which is seatable against a seat. The seat is recessed in a cylindrical bore defined by the head, the outer periphery of the head being in close proximity to the surface of the bore, with the head on the seat. The valve apparatus maintains a substantially closed valving state as the head is moved from the seat, until the head is removed from the bore.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a charge forming apparatus or carburetor embodying a fuel aspirating system and method of operation thereof wherein the charge forming apparatus comprises a body construction having a mixing passage, a fuel chamber and aperture means for delivering fuel into the mixing passage, the fuel aspirating system utilizing a jet of gas projected across the aperture means and being of sufficient velocity for aspirating fuel from the aperture means into the mixing passage effective for improved engine operation, engine acceleration purposes and efficient fuel metering.

Abstract: A diesel, gasoline or gas internal combustion engine adapted for operation on a two-cycle or four-cycle basis includes apparatus to vary the compression ratio of gases during operation of the engine. Two pistons, connected to separate crankshafts, communicate with each other in a single internal combustion chamber. One piston is reciprocated by a crankshaft in one cylinder portion to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy. The displacement of the one piston defines a fixed compression ratio and the displacement of a second piston by a second crankshaft in the other cylinder portion operates in the combustion chamber to a second fixed compression ratio. The two crankshafts are coupled together through timing means used to change the relative rotational phase relation between the crankshafts whereby a net compression ratio is formed as components of the compression ratios of both pistons.

Abstract: A control circuit for a diesel engine starting system including an air intake heating starting aid and a fuel preheater, includes a first delay circuit for operating the preheater and a second delay circuit for operating an indicator. A selector switch has an off position in which the two delay circuits are not utilized, a first on position in which the first delay circuit is overridden and the indicator carries on after a delay determined only by the second delay circuit, and a second on position in which the first delay circuit operates to switch on the fuel preheater after a delay during which the starting aid device is operating and the second delay circuit turns on the indicator after a further delay.

Abstract: The specification discloses an insert for lining and/or relining valve guides for reciprocating-type poppet valves in cylinder heads of internal combustion engines. The insert has multiple layers of metallic materials and preferably includes an inner sleeve or tube of spring-tempered phosphor bronze and an outer carrier sleeve or tube of steel or aluminum. The combined sleeves provide the insert with high wear resistance and lubricity and excellent heat transfer properties. Separate formation and later assembly allows precise control of wall thicknesses, diameters and concentricities.Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the insert including separately forming the inner and outer sleeves or tubes, and inserting one within the other for frictionally holding them together.

Abstract: A side-mounted pull-rope recoil starter for low horsepower, vertical crankshaft internal combustion engines in which a starter gear moves vertically in a pair of journalled slots in the starter mounting bracket into engagement with a ring gear carried by the engine flywheel. The starter includes a starter brake spring which is released when the starter gear engages the flywheel, an operator handle which is specifically contoured to be comfortably held by the operator during pulling of the starter rope and a mechanical interlock between the engine and a drive transmission to prevent engagement of the starter mechanism when the transmission is in other than the neutral position. A safety lock mechanism which is operable by means of a removable key and which prevents unauthorized activation of the starter mechanism is also disclosed. A top-mounted pull-rope recoil starter is disclosed which incorporates many features of the basic side-mounted starter embodiment.

Abstract: A cylinder head for internal combustion engines, especially Diesel engines, with at least one opening for a passage forming an inlet or outlet and leading to a combustion chamber. This opening which is adapted to be closed and opened by a valve is on that side thereof which faces in the direction toward the combustion chamber, provided with a valve seat ring fastened in the opening of the passage. Each valve seat ring is to its major extent conical with the basis of the cone pointing toward the combustion chamber while only that end of the valve seat ring which faces away from the combustion chamber is in a projecting manner fastened to the cylinder head.

Abstract: A contactless ignition apparatus for internal combustion engines comprising first and second pickups for detecting different ignition timing points, wherein outputs of the pickups are introduced selectively to the ignition circuit for internal combustion engines thereby to control the ignition timing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which heat is derived from the engine cooling system and the exhaust to heat a working fluid and to transform it into a gas which drives a turbine which operates a generator. Direct current from the latter is delivered to an electrolysis cell containing purified water which is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is injected under pressure into the combustion chambers of the engine while the hydrogen is also injected under pressure into a carburetor where it is combined with conventional hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: A 4-stroke internal combustion engine having an orifice through the cylinder wall just above lower dead center point, said orifice being sealed by the piston rings when the piston moves upward.

Abstract: A rotary valve system for a motor and the like includes a flow conduit and rotary valve means interposed in the flow conduit. Intermittent sealing means are provided for preventing flow through the flow conduit, comprising a sealing surface intermittently positionable in stationary, sealing relationship across the conduit. Means are also provided for moving the sealing surface into such stationary sealing relationship with the flow conduit, and out of sealing relationship with the flow conduit in a manner correlating with the operation of the rotary valve means, to facilitate sealing as the valve operates.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus having an air control valve for introducing an amount of air into the intake system of an internal combustion engine when the engine begins to decelerate, for preventing after-fire of an unburnt air-fuel mixture in the catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust pipe of the engine. The apparatus further includes a temperature detecting valve adapted for stopping the operation of the flow control valve during engine warm-up operations. Therefore, introduction of air into the intake system is stopped even if the engine begins to decelerate and, also, a proper engine warm-up operation can be carried out.

Abstract: A system for improving the starting characteristics of an internal combustion engine is described. The system effects reduced exhaust emissions, especially for engines having thermal reactor and/or exhaust catalyst components. The system comprises a carburetor having throttle means operatively connected to first control means for simultaneously (1) opening said throttle means to obtain engine speed substantially higher than normal starting speed and (ii) retarding spark advance, on starting said engine, said means acting to maintain said engine speed and spark retard for a predetermined time after starting.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is apparatus including all of the components present in a conventional internal combustion engine such as body forming cylinder walls that define a primary combustion chamber, a piston reciprocable in the cylinder between compression and power strokes, intake means for introducing fuel charges into the primary combustion chamber, ignition means for igniting fuel charges and exhaust means for removing residual gases from the primary chamber after ignition of each fuel charge. Added to these conventional engine components is a housing that defines an auxiliary combustion chamber and an orifice that provides communication between the primary and auxiliary combustion chambers.

Abstract: A control arrangement for the injection quantity of an internal combustion engine in which an adjusting member for the adjustment of the feed quantity of a fuel injection pump is adapted to be adjusted by a longitudinally displaceable diaphragm bolt of a pneumatic measuring mechanism by way of a control lever, whereby the diaphragm of the pneumatic measuring mechanism is acted upon on the one side by atmospheric pressure and is exposed on the other side thereof to the pressure in a vacuum chamber connected by way of a vacuum line with a part of the suction pipe of the internal combustion engine where the vacuum in the suction pipe is being picked-up particularly in a Venturi pipe section thereof; the control lever is thereby pivotally supported with its end opposite the adjusting member of the injection pump on a part operatively connected with the engine output control member and is adapted to be adjusted about this point of pivotal support by the diaphragm-bolt engaging in the central area of the control le