Abstract: An internal combustion engine with charge stratification and spark ignition comprises a cylinder head having a main combustion chamber and a cavity defined by surrounding walls of the cylinder head and opening toward the main combustion chamber. An auxiliary combustion chamber is formed within a cup-shaped insert frictionally maintained in the cavity and opening away from the main combustion chamber. The cup-shaped insert is thin-walled and has an opening providing a passage connecting the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber and a pair of openings for receiving a fuel delivery device and an ignition device, respectively.

Abstract: Icing troubles with carburetors of two-cycle engines can be effectively avoided by the provision of an engine-lubricating-oil nozzle arranged in the carburetor and opening into the intake air passage therein in a position adjacent to the fuel nozzle in opposing relation to the throttling end of the piston type air throttle valve so that oil films are formed on the exposed surfaces of the throttle valve and the needle valve associated therewith to control the rate of fuel discharge into the intake air passage. Any ice possibly formed on the valve surfaces readily exfoliate, not causing any sticking of the throttle and needle valves in the carburetor.

Abstract: A capacitive discharge ignition system having a charge coil and an ignition coil including primary and secondary windings wound on a common stator structure. The charge coil is coupled to the primary winding of the ignition coil by an SCR and a main capacitor such that the capacitor is first charged by the charge coil and then discharged through the SCR into the primary winding of the ignition coil when the SCR fires. During discharge of the capacitor, the charge coil also supplies current to the primary winding of the ignition coil. A shorted turn is located on one leg of the stator structure and a diode is connected in parallel with the charge coil to reduce the maximum peak potential supplied by the charge coil to reduce the maximum potential rating requirements of the ignition circuit components.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder and a piston with rectangular cross sections. A guideway slot extends across one face of the piston, and engages an off-center pin affixed to the crankshaft for translating linear movement of the piston to rotational movement of the crankshaft. The cylinder may be formed of four side wall plates mounted to define the side walls of the cylinder, and plate means covering the ends of the side wall plates to define a combustion chamber and a crankcase. The crankshaft may be hollow, to define a fuel inlet passageway.

Abstract: A two-cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine having extended and specially positioned intake porting and reed-type intake valves, with the porting and valves arranged to improve various of the operating characteristics of the engine.

Abstract: The invention is a means and method of injecting fuel into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine wherein the fuel is introduced under pressure to each cylinder through a metallic fuel tube having an integral and preferably multiplyorificed nozzle thereon, the tube and nozzle being charged to a high electrical potential, causing injected fuel to assume a charge and be repelled from the nozzle in small droplets which in turn disperse into smaller droplets due to internal repulsion created by the charge, the result being the rapid and thorough atomization of fuel so that quick and more complete combustion will occur. The applied charge may be reversed at the end of the injection cycle to cause current flow between the droplets and the oppositely charged nozzles to ignite, or further speed combustion of, the mixture.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas flow control valve; a vacuum actuator for operation of the flow control valve; and a control apparatus which provides an output vacuum to be applied to the vacuum actuator which is an amplification of the venturi vacuum.

Abstract: In an automatic choke valve for an internal combustion engine the extent to which the choke valve is opened is controlled by a bimetal member located in a casing separate from the carburetor through which air is passed whose temperature is determined by the temperature of the engine. In addition, a heater unit is positioned in the casing for supplying heat to the bimetal member and the heater unit is controlled by switches operated by the engine temperature and by the atmospheric pressure around the engine.

Abstract: Auxiliary apparatus for hot-starting an internal combustion engine includes a secondary air injection nozzle opened in the intake manifold, and a heat sensitive solenoid valve to control the supply of secondary air from an air source to the nozzle. When hot-starting the engine with the engine temperature exceeding a predetermined level, the valve opens to supply a jet of air into the intake manifold through the nozzle so that a too rich mixture gas likely to be produced in the manifold is made leaner, thus reducing the output of unburned, harmful ingredients of exhaust gas from the engine as well as improving the startability of a hot engine.

Abstract: Method of breaking up objects, particularly concrete, blocks of rock, machines, and motors, and an installation for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system comprises an exhaust gas flow control valve; a vacuum actuator for operation of the flow control valve; and a control apparatus for the vacuum actuator. The control apparatus comprises a vacuum regulator and a vacuum motor for actuating the vacuum regulator in response not only to the venturi vacuum but also to the intake manifold vacuum.

Abstract: A pair of breaker contacts are opened and closed by the pivotal movement of a breaker lever carrying one of the breaker contacts for engagement with the other breaker contact which is stationary. The breaker lever is pivotally supported on an upright pivot post which is formed integrally with a cupshaped container constructed from an inexpensive plastic material, and the end of the pivot post is received in a reinforced opening of a cover member secured to the cup-shaped container so as to prevent the pivot post from being undesirably deflected during the pivotal movement of the breaker lever.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine utilizing a combustion process of the stratified charge type, and having an auxiliary combustion chamber formed in a cylinder head portion in addition to a main combustion chamber, a passage communicating the auxiliary combustion chamber with the main combustion chamber and being provided with an ignition plug and a fuel injection nozzle for the auxiliary combustion chamber. This passage has a cross-section of a flat envelope, has a predetermined cross-sectional area relative to the transverse cross-sectional area of the piston, is inclined at an acute angle to the upper surface of the piston head, and extends tangentially to the auxiliary combustion chamber. The ignition plug is located upstream of the swirl in the auxiliary combustion chamber in relation to the fuel injection nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel control system for use in an internal combustion engine wherein the combustion device thereof comprises a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber provided therein with an ignition plug, the main and auxiliary combustion chambers communicating with each other through a through-hole. A rich mixture of gasified fuel and air is supplied to the auxiliary combustion chamber and a lean mixture of gasified fuel and air is supplied into the main combustion chamber and the mixture in the main combustion chamber is ignited by the flames produced in the auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A flyweight assembly and a manual speed control member are connected through a linkage to a control rod which controls the fuel injection volume of the pump so that the control rod position is determined by both the flyweight assembly and the control member. Idling and main counterforce springs resist movement of the flyweight assembly in their respective engine speed ranges. The control member is arranged to bring a spring mechanism into engagement with the idling counterforce spring when moved beyond a certain point to demand higher engine speed. The spring mechanism acts against the idling counterforce spring to move the control rod to reduce the fuel injection volume when the speed control member is moved from its idling speed position to demand rapid acceleration while the idling counterforce spring remains engaged with the flyweight assembly to prevent excessive fuel injection volume.

Abstract: A four stroke cycle internal combustion engine is disclosed with means to provide auxillary pumping of air directly into the cylinder. The piston head is provided with a sliding valve which is self-acting for injecting air into the cylinder during the intake stroke, and to inject air into the cylinder during a portion of the expansion stroke. An air pumping chamber is formed between the lower portion of the piston and the cylinder carries a self-acting sliding valve which controls the flow of air into the pumping chamber.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a stratified charge of air and a fuel-rich, fuel-air mixture to each combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having more than one combustion section by providing alternate sources of intake air at the intake of each combustion chamber, establishing a fuel-rich, fuel-air mixture in one alternate source and switching between the alternate sources during induction of a charge of fuel and air in one of the combustion sections in response to a cyclic pressure change in another combustion section such that the charge passing into each combustion chamber will be stratified into portions of air and a fuel-rich, fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: A piston-type internal combustion engine includes a variable valve timing device controlling the timing of the intake valve, and a coupling between the accelerator pedal and the variable timing device for varying the timing of the intake valve in response to the movement of the accelerator pedal, thereby controlling the quantity of the fuel mixture in the cylinder at the time of combustion. The engine also includes means for maintaining a substantially constant compression ratio in the cylinder notwithstanding variations in the engine output.A number of embodiments are disclosed. In one embodiment, the means for maintaining a substantially constant compression ratio in the cylinder comprises an auxiliary cylinder and an auxiliary piston movable therein, the inner end of the main and auxiliary pistons communicating with each other and defining a common chamber with their respective pistons, the auxiliary piston being displaceable within its cylinder to enlarge or decrease the volume of the common chamber.

Abstract: There is disclosed an internal combustion engine within which is defined at least one cylinder accommodating a reciprocable piston, and within which is disposed a valve rotor mounted at the compression end of the or each said cylinder for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and having a number of passages therethrough each extending between the cylinder interior and a portion of the structure having inlet and exhaust ports, to allow for conventional fourstroke operation with said valve rotor rotating at an appropriate fraction of crank-shaft speed, the construction being such that at top dead center following a compression stroke each passage forms a substantially independently enclosed combustion space at the compression end of the cylinder adjacent the crown of the piston.

Abstract: A four-stroke multicylinder internal combustion engine having first and second cylinders in which combustion takes place in alternation in the cylinders at intervals of 360.degree. of crankshaft revolution. A duct connects the working spaces of the cylinders for flow of exhaust gases between the cylinders and a fuel line is connected to the duct for supplying fuel thereto so that the fuel is transported with the flow of exhaust gases from one cylinder to the other.