Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling a firing shrinkage of a ceramic green body. The method includes the steps of: subjecting a ceramic powder to a pretreatment by which a spherical diameter (Rs) of the ceramic powder is adjusted to be 1 .mu.m or less, wherein Rs is expressed by an equation of Rs(.mu.m)=6/.rho. S (.rho. is a true density (g/cm.sup.3) of the ceramic powder, and S is a BET specific surface area (m.sup.2 /s) of the ceramic powder.); subjecting the ceramic powder to heat treatment at a specific temperature calculated in advance; molding the ceramic powder to obtain a ceramic green body; and firing the ceramic green body. A temperature for the heat-treatment is calculated of the basis of a correlation between calculative rates for firing and arbitrary selected temperatures.

Abstract: A system and method for feeding comminuted cellulosic fibrous material such as wood chips to the top of a treatment vessel such as a continuous digester provide enhanced simplicity, operability, and maintainability by eliminating the high pressure transfer device conventionally used in the prior art. Instead of a high pressure transfer device the steamed and slurried chips are pressurized using one or more slurry pumps located at least thirty feet below the top of the treatment vessel and for pressurizing the slurry to a pressure of at least about 10 bar gauge. A return line from the top of the digester may, but need not necessarily, be operatively connected to the one or more pumps and if connected to the pumps the pressure in the return line may be reduced utilizing a pressure reduction valve and/or a flash tank. Steam from the flash tank may be used in steaming the chips.

Abstract: A shoe press device for treating a web, particularly for dewatering a web. A shoe press roll has a beam and a flexible press jacket around the beam. A press shoe on the beam presses the press jacket against a backing roll to define a press nip. Support elements supported on the beam press on the shoe. The support elements are in a first plurality along the shoe and a respective second plurality toward each end of the shoe. The second support elements are smaller in size with reference to their pressure area on the shoe, and there is one or more rows of second pressure elements at each end of the shoe. Different respective pressures may be applied to the main and second pluralities of support elements. The backing roll may be a sag adjustment roll including a rotatable roll jacket and support elements in the sag adjustment roll pressing on the roll jacket.

Abstract: Provided are a both-sided recording paper for ink jet recording which has coated layers comprising a pigment and a water-base binder on both sides of a base paper made from pulp slurry comprising a filler and an internal sizing agent; with the coated layers having a per side coverage of from 0.5 to 4.0 g/m.sup.2, on a solids basis, and with the base paper having a basis weight of from 50 to 180 g/m.sup.2, a total filler content within the range of 3 to 20 weight %, and a difference in filler content between surface layers extending to 30 .mu.m below the front and rear surfaces of the base paper respectively within the range of 0 to 30% of the average value of filler contents in the surface layers: and a method of preparing the aforementioned both-sided recording paper.

Abstract: A support for parts being electrostatically coated or painted as mounted upon an electrically charged rack wherein the support is formed of a flexible material and includes a flexible electrical conductive portion engaging the rack and part permitting the part to be charged, and a flexible non-conductive portion frictionally engaging the part. The support may include a masking cover defined on either of the portions engaging and protecting the part from painting. The support may be formed of thermoset rubber material, thermoplastics, polyvinylchloride material, or the like.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a paper machine including a headbox having an inlet and an outlet. A fluid conduit is connected to the inlet of the headbox. A sensor is disposed in communication with an interior of the headbox. The sensor senses a pressure of the fiber suspension within the headbox and provides a signal corresponding thereto. A first pump is connected to the fluid conduit and supplies a fiber suspension to the headbox through the fluid conduit. A second pump is connected to the fluid conduit between the first pump and the headbox, and further is connected to the sensor. The second pump is a substantially pulseless pump, and transports the fiber suspension away from the fluid conduit, dependent upon the sensed signal.

Abstract: In a method of recovering fibers from white water using a filter including a vat and a rotating filter surface (such as a disc filter), auxiliary pulp is supplied to the area of the vat where the cleaned and rotating filter surface meets the pulp surface in the vat. The consistency difference in the filter vat is adjusted by controlling the auxiliary pulp flow, or by adding cloudy filtrate to the auxiliary pulp prior to the filter vat. The auxiliary pulp is preferably supplied to the filter by using directing nozzles or other supply structures, and essentially evenly over the entire radial width of the filter surface.

Abstract: A method for making a surface coated or impregnated paper or paperboard by applying an aqueous additive dispersion to the wet web between the press and drying sections of a conventional paper or paperboard making machine. The aqueous additive dispersion is pre-metered onto a transfer roll and is applied to the wet web at a pressure nip between the transfer roll and a back-up roll. High solids content dispersions can be applied at high web speeds without tearing the web. The use of a high solids content aqueous dispersion having a solids content substantially equal to the solids content of the wet web at the point of application permits the method to be performed without increasing the drying load and therefore at an unreduced speed.

Abstract: A method of producing mirrors comprising depositing onto a ribbon of hot glass during the production process a coating comprising at least one pyrolytic reflecting layer and at least two reflection enhancing layers, the last applied or outer of the enhancing layers also serving as a protective layer for the coating. The mirrors have a visible light reflection of at least 35% and less than 70% and exhibit a bright silver or chrome appearance. There is also a provided a mirror having such a coating.

Abstract: Apparatus for the application of at least one liquid medium onto a moving material web, in particular of paper or cardboard, including an application mechanism (3) for the liquid medium and a roller (2) associated with the application mechanism for receiving the liquid medium in the case of an indirect application or for guiding the material web in the case of direct application, the application mechanism (3) including a dosaging blade (4) and a damming strip (7) arranged at a distance from the dosaging blade as seen against the direction of rotation of the roller (2), the damming strip together with the dosaging blade defining an application chamber (6), a running-off surface (8) over which the excess liquid medium flows out of the application chamber (6) and over the damming strip (7), and wherein the dosaging blade (4) has a blade holder (5) with a base strip (5b) mounted in the application mechanism (3).

Abstract: A method of processing an ESL (extended shelf-life) refrigerated potato product (various cuts) is disclosed. The product is acid blanched when pasteurized and then "seeded" with lactic acid starter culture. The prepared product line has desirable organoleptic qualities and can be stored at refrigerated temperatures typical of commercial retail stores (30.degree.-56.degree. F.) as well as the home refrigeration system. The products have been proven to be pathologically safe when exposed to extended periods of temperature abuse.

Abstract: Apparatus for coating an outer periphery of a columnar structural body comprising (a)a holder for supporting a columnar structural body; (b) a coater for coating the outer periphery of the columnar structural body with a coating material, (c) a feeder for feeding the coating material to the coater; (d) a driving unit for rotating at least one of the columnar structural body and the coater relative to each other around an axis of the holder; and (e) a doctor blade spaced from the outer periphery of the columnar structural body by a given distance for uniformly spreading a coating material applied around the outer periphery of the columnar structural body.

Abstract: Welding electrodes are continuously coated with a flux material with this pressure coating system. The flux material is supplied to the coating station by two supply bins which are automatically controlled such that the flux material is always supplied to the coating station. While one supply bin is supplying the flux material to the coating station the other bin is being replenished in an alternate manner.

Abstract: Process for making paper and cardboard, wherein at least one nitrate or basic nitrate of a trivalent metal is used as sizing agent, so that the process wastewater, after a biological denitrification treatment, can be discharged into the environment without causing pollution problems and/or can be reused at least partially as fresh water, with great savings in consumption.

Abstract: A certain group of electrically conductive refractory materials presently known for use in high temperature applications as throat constructions, melter sidewalls, forehearth, stacks, port sills, hot face lining for slagging coal gasifiers, slag runners, and linings for nuclear waste encapsulation furnaces may be used as electrodes permitting joule heating at temperatures in excess of 1200 C. in excess of about 4400 hours even in the presence of transition group element(s). More specifically, the invention is an electrode for melting earthen materials, wherein the electrode is made from an electrically conductive refractory material, specifically at least one metal oxide wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of chrome, ruthenium, rhodium, tin and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A gradient index optical element is disclosed which comprises a surface perpendicular to an optical axis, this surface having points of equal refractive index whose connection provides substantially elliptic lines. This gradient index optical element can be produced, for example, by first pouring a raw material sol into a vessel suited for preparing a rodlike base material comprising a surface perpendicular to its lengthwise direction, said surface having the shape of a rectangle, a rhombus or a polygon symmetrical with respect to its center of gravity, each as is, or having a rounded or elliptical corner subsequently converting the sol to a gel, then subjecting the gel to distribution providing treatment and finally drying and firing the distribution providing gel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing pulp cooked under alkaline conditions, in which method cellulose-containing material is brought into contact, in a digester, with an alkaline cooking liquor containing dissolved potassium and sodium compounds, with used spent cooking liquor being separated off from the cellulose-containing material and withdrawn for the recovery of energy and chemicals, wherein:a) The molar ratio, calculated as K/K+Na, between potassium and sodium in a withdrawn spent cooking liquor exceeds 0.25.b) The withdrawn spent cooking liquor is concentrated with respect to its content of solid material and is subjected to partial oxidation in a reactor, resulting in the formation of a, combustible gas which is withdrawn from the reactor.c) oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the reactor in order to support the partial oxidation.d) The operating temperature in the reactor is adjusted to between 400.degree.-1200.degree. C.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. Albumins, globulins or blends thereof and spray-dried animal blood cells are added to the pulp or sprayed onto deposition prone surfaces of a papermaking system suffering from organic contaminants.

Abstract: A stock feed system for a multi-layer headbox in which a stock concept is passed into each inlet header in the multi-layer headbox. The stock concepts are produced out of the same fresh stock by adding chemicals and fillers to divided portions of that fresh stock. To this end, the system includes a single fresh-stock container, and stock lines into which the fillers, additives and equivalent are added in compliance with the requirements of each concept. The stock feed system also includes at least one fiber distributor for transferring long fibers out of the stock that is destined to form the surface layer of the paper into the stock that is destined to form a layer placed in the interior of the paper, preferably the middle layer.

Abstract: A forced convection heating apparatus and process for heating glass sheets therewithin. The apparatus includes at least one gas burner for producing hot combustion gases which is to be distributed to the top and/or bottom surfaces of a glass sheet within the apparatus housing. Spent hot working fluid, which has impinged the top and bottom surfaces of the glass sheet, is drawn into a mixing chamber operably positioned about a gas burner. The spent hot working fluid and newly produced hot combustion gases from the gas burner are mixed within the mixing chamber and then distributed toward and into operable contact with at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the glass sheet.