Abstract: A special inexpensive development electrode within a cascade development station is positioned closely adjacent to a xerographic drum to define a development zone therebetween. The electrode is roughened by producing deflection elements thereon forming a waffle-like or diamond-shaped knurled pattern projecting into the development zone, and, at the same time, is designed to be spaced from the drum by a distance which varies from between a relatively wide spacing adjacent the input end of the development zone and a relatively narrow spacing toward the output end of the zone.

Abstract: An apparatus which develops an electrostatic latent image with electrostatically charged particles. The apparatus produces a magnetic field which forms a brush-like array of charged particles. A development electrode is operatively associated with the magnetic field to suppress the effect of local contrast enhancement.

Abstract: Cleaning imaging material from a xerographic imaging surface with a cleaning blade with reduced friction between the blade and the surface is provided without image degredation by an appropriately roughened surface, which roughness is formed on the photoconductive surface by substrate preetching to provide a final or post coated roughness pattern of 3 to 5 microns and less than 20 microns.

Abstract: Apparatus for wet-developing an electrostatic latent image comprising an electroconductive, ink supply member having an uneven surface comprising a plurality of raised portions and depressions below the raised portions, at least the surface of the ink supply member being electroconductive; means for supplying ink to the ink supply member so that the ink is held in the depressions; an electrophotographic member bearing the electrostatic latent image; and elastic, electroconductive support member for the electrophotographic member; and means for bringing the ink supply member and the electrophotographic member into substantial contact with one another so that the ink is attracted to the electrostatic latent image to thereby develop the image while minimizing damage to the electrophotographic member because of the elasticity of said elastic support member.

Abstract: A control circuit used in the development of electrostatic latent images which applies a suitable biasing voltage to a magnetic brush developing unit to alleviate problems of fogging and breakdown of the photosensitive layer. The effective biasing voltage remains unchanged as the characteristics of the developer, such as electric resistivity, change with increased use.

Abstract: In a developing chamber for electrostatic latent images, to avoid potential fluctuations within the developer, in particular in the field of the magnet, and to increase the frictional forces between the toner and the paper, an auxiliary electrode which is at the same electric potential as the chamber is disposed in the chamber at a slight distance from the record carrier, in the field of the magnet.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing toner images electrostatically adhered to copy paper or other suitable support material. The apparatus is characterized by the provision of a plurality of radiant energy sources through which the copy paper having the toner images thereon is moved such that the radiant heat energy softens the toner whereby the toner becomes impregnated in the paper fibers. The apparatus is further characterized by the provision of paper transport structure for moving the copy paper intermediate the radiant heat sources without physically contacting the sources, said transporting means comprising a first transport disposed adjacent the inlet to the fixing apparatus and a second transport disposed adjacent the outlet thereof.

Abstract: In a developing device for developing an electrostatic image on an image carrier member, a plurality of developing units for supplying predetermined color developers are supported by support means having a movable support member for revolvably supporting each of the developing units and for moving each of the developing units along a common circumference. The support means is driven by drive means. Orientation regulating means is connected to each of the developing units to maintain the same in a predetermined orientation.

Abstract: A toner dispensing apparatus for electrophotographic copiers. The dispenser includes an elongated hollow tubular member extending across the developer assembly of the copier within which is positioned a rotatable auger of novel construction having a helical groove formed around its surface. One end of the auger extends out of the tubular member into a toner supply container which is adapted to feed fresh toner into the groove of the auger. Rotation of the auger transports closely metered amounts of toner from the supply container into and along the tubular member and as it is carried there along, the toner will be automatically dispensed in precise amounts through a plurality of apertures extending along the bottom of the tubular member. According to one important feature of the invention, the toner dispenser is supported across the developer assembly in a position to dispense toner into the developer as it is falling from the development zone toward the elevator sump.

Abstract: An electrostatographic processor having a rotatably driven drum for advancing an imaging surface through successive processing stations, a development system charged with a ferromagnetic developer for developing latent electrostatic images carried by the imaging surface, and a cleaning system including a sump for collecting residual toner removed from the imaging surface is equipped with a toner reclaim system comprising a plurality of permanent magnets which are mounted at spaced apart intervals on one end of the drum to magnetically convey developer from the development system to the cleaning system sump via one non-magnetic conduit and from the cleaning system sump back into the development system via another non-magnetic conduit. The developer blends with the residual toner while passing through the sump of the cleaning system, with the result that its toner concentration tends to increase, thereby causing residual toner to be mechanically and triboelectrically returned to the development system.

Abstract: A development apparatus for developing electrostatic images upon a moving image-bearing surface including flow baffle means for regulating the flow of developer to the development zone. The baffle means is positioned between a supply means and the development zone and extends inwardly of each of the ends of a development means which preferably comprises a magnetic brush. The baffle means comprises stationary magnetic brushes formed of developer material. The stationary magnetic brushes are adapted to limit the flow of developer at the end portions of the development means.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developer for use in electrophotographic copiers or the like, the developer comprising a magnet support shaft fixedly mounted with respect to the copier; a hollow, cylindrical magnet fixedly mounted on the support shaft; a hollow cylinder rotatably, concentrically mounted about the cylindrical magnet, the cylinder having at least one side, the one side including an annular support member for the cylinder where the support member is rotatably mounted on the magnet support shaft and projects inside of the cylinder to thereby provide a compact arrangement for the developer.

Abstract: A device for use in an electrophotographic duplicator employing a sensitive member comprising a temperature-dependent sensitive material whose static charge characteristic varies with the surface temperature thereof, the sensitive member bearing an electrostatic latent image having an image region and a background region, the device comprising a developing electrode disposed at the periphery of the sensitive member for effecting uniform development of the image region; temperature sensitive means disposed in the vicinity of the sensitive member responsive to the surface temperature of the sensitive member for generating a bias potential for the developing electrode, the developing electrode being so controlled by the bias potential that the bias potential is always maintained at a value greater than the value of the potential of the background region even when the temperature at the surface of the sensitive material decreases substantially thereby necessitating a substantial increase in the bias potential whe

Abstract: An electrophotographic liquid developing system for overcoming the effect of photoconductor background potential in which during the passage of the image area through the developer unit a constant current source supplies a small current to the development electrode to raise the electrode to a potential of the same polarity as and of a magnitude greater by predetermined amount than that of the average background potential of the image area. In a preferred embodiment the constant current source is provided by a small plate mounted in and insulated from the transfer corona housing and having such dimensions as to provide the required current. Preferably, the output of the constant current source is controlled in response to a measurement of the conductivity of the developer.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing device including a plurality of developing rollers each consisting of a cylindrical stationary magnet and a cylindrical sleeve rotating around said magnet, said plurality of developing rollers being disposed among the surface of a latent image forming member, wherein said cylindrical stationary magnets each have (a) a developing magnetic pole positioned in a portion facing the surface of latent image forming member, (b) a transporting magnetic pole positioned rearwardly of said developing magnetic pole in the travelling direction of a developing agent and having an opposite polarity to that of the developing magnetic pole, and (c) an auxility transporting magnetic pole positioned in a portion facing the preceding developing roller in the travelling direction of developing agent and having a polarity identical with the polarity of said transporting magnetic pole, said developing magnetic poles having the identical polarity and thus delivery and receipt of the developing agent betwee

Abstract: A face-silent discharge electrode which includes plural parallel electrode bars separated from each other at a distance and arranged in a face is disposed to confront a substrate. A powder coating material is supplied in the space between said electrode and said substrate. An AC voltage is impressed on the electrode bars adjacent each other to generate a silent electric discharge over the entire surface of said face-silent discharge electrode. Concurrently, a DC voltage is impressed between the electrode bars and the substrate so that the powder coating material may adhere to a surface of the substrate to form a layer of uniform thickness.

Abstract: A powder cloud development apparatus is provided for developing latent electrostatic images on the surface of an insulating member, normally a photoconductive layer, employing a powder cloud development system. The development apparatus is operable in either a positive or negative mode and includes a development electrode comprising a plurality of spaced substantially parallel wires, a gap, or open section, which is formed between selected groups of these wires, the wires being connected at each end to a continuous loop drive mechanism. The parallel wires therefore or the gap may either be presented in operable relationship to the surface of the insulating member in order to provide either electroded or non-electroded development in the negative and positive modes respectively.

Abstract: A blender for blending a mixture of flowable materials, such as the carrier and toner components of a developer for an electrostatic processor, comprises a rotatable chamber having radially angulated passageways extending through its periphery for guiding the materials into and out of the chamber and internal axially angulated plates for cross-mixing the materials. The passageways are open, but the mixture tends to at least temporally dwell in the chamber and is, therefore, subject to a tumbling action, because the radial angulation of the passageways exceeds the angle of repose of the mixture. The internal plates impart an axial component to the movement of the tumbling mixture to provide cross-mixing of the materials.

Abstract: A development method and device for developing a latent image wherein an irregular surfaced vibrating bed transports toner particles from a supply area to the development area.

Abstract: Images are formed by transporting a recording surface bearing an electrostatic latent image adjacent to a spaced parallel surface of a development electrode and supplying a liquid developer between the recording surface and parallel surface of the development electrode at substantially the same velocity as the velocity of the recording surface.