Abstract: The charge image bearing surface of a web to be developed is partially wrapped around the periphery of a perforated rotatable drum-shaped development electrode. Liquid electrographic toner is forced through the perforated drum against the charge image bearing surface of the recording web for developing the electrostatic image thereon. The drum is rotated to provide a peripheral velocity substantially different than the velocity of the web being developed such as to produce a sliding action between the periphery of the drum and the web. In this manner, the relatively stationary boundary layer of depleted liquid toner carried by the web is disturbed such that the pigment particle depleted layer of toner is replenished by toner forced through the perforated development electrode.

Abstract: An electrostatic developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic copy paper according to a magnetic brush developing process is disclosed. In this electrostatic developing apparatus, there is formed a magnetic brush of developer on a non-magnetic cylinder between the non-magnetic cylinder and an electrostatic copy paper, the aforesaid non-magnetic cylinder being rotated around the outer periphery of a stationary permanent magnet having a plurality of developing magnetic poles so that the electrostatic copy paper is slidingly rubbed with the magnetic brush to provide a visible image for the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: A workpiece, such as the body of a vehicle is advanced in suspended condition in one of two transversely spaced paths until it is opposite a treating station which is located between and spaced from both of the paths. There are several such treating stations provided, spaced along the paths, and they are each capable of affording a different treating action. The workpiece is placed opposite the desired work treating station and is then shifted transversely of the paths to the treating station where it undergoes treatment, to be subsequently shifted to the other of the paths and along the same.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates generally to the treating of workpieces, and more particularly to a method of and an apparatus for treating of workpieces. Still more particularly, the invention relates to a method of treating a vehicle body or the like by providing it with a surface coating, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating carbon articles, such as carbon electrodes for use in steelmaking, with aluminium and refractory materials.The method comprises in a single operation, spraying aluminium in a molten state on to the surface, and immediately spraying refractory material on to the aluminium coating so formed.The apparatus includes spray heads, by which the aluminium and refractory materials are sprayed, the spray heads being located alongside each other and moved relatively to the carbon electrode simultaneously, the distance apart of the spray heads being sufficient to ensure that there is virtually no interference between the sprays of aluminium and refractory material, and also to ensure that the heat of the molten aluminium does not dry out the refractory material before it reaches the surface of the carbon article.

Abstract: A coating system employs a fluidized bed unit in which the porous plate is inclined to promote flow of the coating powder from the feed point to a subjacent location. Means is provided to sense the level of the coating powder at the subjacent location of the plate, and to control its discharge into the unit in response thereto. The incline of the plate minimizes the lag between the feed and sensing operations, thereby affording accurate correlation between the amount of powder introduced and the actual need.

Abstract: A self-cleaning developer applicator system for applying liquid developer to a latent electrostatic image carried by an organic photoconductor supported on a conductive substrate which moves relative to a developer station in which a biasing potential is applied between the substrate and a conductive developer applicator electrode to reduce the effect of the background potential of the latent image while adequately developing desired image areas together with means for cleaning the applicator electrode continuously during operation of the system to remove toner particles which collect thereon under the influence of the biasing potential. In a preferred embodiment the applicator is arranged to flow a film of developer liquid at the speed of movement of the photoconductive surface over a relatively extended area of the image during development thereof.

Abstract: A toner image formed on a support sheet by toner particles adhering to selected areas of the sheet is fused either by simply disposing the sheet in with a heating surface, or by additionally pressing the sheet. After the toner image particles are fused, the sheet is cooled while maintaining its image bearing side in contact with the surface previously used for heating, so that the toner particles solidify and the toner image is stiffened. The sheet is then separated from the surface with which it was previously in contact. In the course of heating, some toner particles of the image may temporarily adhere to the heating surface, but in the course of the cooling step, these toner particles develop a stronger adhesion to the remainder of the image and to the sheet. Thus, after the cooling step, no toner particles remain on the surface contacted by the sheet, and the so-called "offset phenomenon" does not occur.

Abstract: Apparatus of the type which fuses toner images onto support material by heat and pressure including an instantly heated fuser roll and a pressure back-up roll having an elastomeric surface. The fuser roll has a cylindrical member made of quartz or other material which transmits radiant energy from a source located on the interior of the cylindrical member. The cylindrical member has a first layer made of elastomeric material which transmits radiant energy. The first layer is covered with a second layer of material which absorbs radiant energy. A third layer of material covers the second layer of heat absorbing material to effect a good toner release characteristic on the fuser roll surface. The third or image contacting layer may be made of an elastomeric material where dry fusing is preferred or alternatively a rigid material where a silicone oil is applied to the image contact layer to prevent toner offset onto the fuser roll surface.

Abstract: In an electrostatic copier using a particulate developer mix the invention provides a source of the mix, a supply ramp having an inlet end located higher than the source, and a conveyor for conveying the developer mix from the source to the inlet end of the supply ramp. The conveyor is composed of an endless flexible belt trained about at least one driven roller and having one end portion which extends into the source and another end portion which discharges onto the inlet end of the ramp. A plurality of pins is anchored in the belt and projects from a conveying surface thereof so as to entrain the developer mix from the source.

Abstract: Several rolls of a multi-roll magnetic brush development system are supported on brackets which have followers riding on the surface of the drum of an electrostatic processor to pivot the brackets about the axis of a first of the rolls in response to variations in the radial run-out of the drum. The bracket supported rolls may all be development rolls or one or more of them may be transport rolls. The significant feature is that the brackets maintain a constant roll-to-roll spacing, while the motion of the brackets tends to compensate for variations in the radial run-out of the drum or, in other words, to maintain a substantially constant photoreceptor-to-development roll spacing. Additional rolls may, of course, be mounted in series with the first of the rolls without encountering any variations in the roll-to-roll spacing because the brackets pivot about the axis of that roll.

Abstract: An improved magnetic brush for transferring toner to a latent image in a magnetic printing machine comprises a rotatable applicator cylinder disposed around a multipole magnetic stator. The two poles of the stator lying closest to the image are excited with magnetic fields of like polarity to minimize interaction between the magnetic brush field and the recorded magnetic image.

Abstract: A magnetic brush support member, the process of making it and a magnetic brush apparatus incorporating the support member are provided. The support member includes at least one surface for supporting a magnetic brush. The support member is formed of a composite comprising a metal binder component and a particulate second phase component. The second phase material is selected to have a greater abrasion resistance than the metal binder. A portion of the second phase protrudes from the metal binder at the support surface. The support member may be formed by casting or powder metallurgical techniques followed by removing a portion of the metal binder from the support surface to allow the second phase particles to protrude therefrom. Magnetic brush apparatuses adapted for cleaning or developing in electrostatographic machines are provided which include one or more of the magnetic brush support members.

Abstract: A marker device for ejecting a chemical marking substance, such as paint, onto nearby unauthorized persons or objects, comprising a chamber means for containing an isolated quantity of a chemical marking substance therein. The chamber is attached to a main body member. The main body contains an evacuating plunger means therewithin which is movable from a retracted into an extended position and which is telescopingly received within the chamber when moved into the extended position.A power mechanism which can be actuated to move the plunger along its longitudinal axis is incorporated within the main body along with a trigger mechanism for actuating the power mechanism, so that when triggered by unauthorized persons, the plunger forces the chemical marking substances to be ejected and dispersed in a selected direction.

Abstract: To provide simultaneous and efficient mixing and blending of the toner and carrier components of a multicomponent developer, there is a hybrid crossmixer comprising an auger-type active section and a pair of baffle-type passive sections. The crossmixer is used, for example, in a magnetic brush development system on the downstream side of the development zone. In that event, the partially denuded developer exiting from the development zone is split, with approximately half being routed to the active section and the other half being more or less equally divided between the two passive sections. Furthermore, the additional toner needed from time-to-time to maintain the toner concentration of the developer at a suitably high level enters the system via the active section of the crossmixer to ensure that it is rapidly blended in with the balance of the developer.

Abstract: An improved apparatus is provided for developing an electrostatic charge image on a support being moved through a magnetic brush-forming field between a permanent magnet and a rotating cylinder that transports a powder mixture of toner particles and magnetizable carrier particles into said field from a supply of the mixture held in a tray. A wall of the tray bordering the path of the mixture on the cylinder is formed with an edge over which an excess of powder escapes instead of accumulating objectionably in a region between the support and the cylinder. As toner becomes deficient in the tray it is replenished by fresh powder mixture properly proportioned for use, which mixture is supplied into a shorter part of a trough that also receives the powder returned down the cylinder from the magnetic brush region.

Abstract: A development system comprising a small compact modular developer unit which is retractably engagable with an image bearing surface is provided. The developer module contains within its casing developer feed and doctoring systems to provide a developer applicator surface containing appropriate quantities of developer. The system may use liquid and powder developers and is capable of high speed operation.

Abstract: A residual toner removing apparatus which comprises a rotatable cleaning brush enclosed, except for two gaps, by a casing plate and a restriction board housed in a housing with an opening adjacent to a known photoreceptor surface. During rotation, brush hairs contact the casing plate to charge it with opposite polarity to toner particles, while the bursh hairs are compressed by the restriction board, thus the cleaning brush acting like a fan for circulation of air and entrained toner particles, which toner particles are mostly attracted by the casing plate and the housing wall forming an air flow chamber. A scraper actuated manually or motor-driven automatically at arbitrary times is advantageously provided in the air flow chamber for scraping off the adhering toner particles.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatic control and deposition of particulate material, such as powdered dry process porcelain enamel or the like, to a heated substrate, utilizing dispensing means adapted to contain particulate material and supported in overlying relation to the article to be coated, with mechanism for oscillating and actuating the dispensing means to provide for controlled application of particulate material to the article. Specifically, an improvement over the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,384 issued Apr. 9, 1974, whereby abutting ends of the dispensing means are biased along a generally vertical plane.

Abstract: An apparatus in which release material is applied to a heated fuser member. A back up member is in communication with the fuser member and a sheet of support material having particles thereon passes therebetween. The particles on the sheet of support material contact the fuser member. The apparatus reciprocates a bar of release material into and out of contact with the fuser member.The foregoing abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor is it intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: An automatic toner supplying device applicable to an developing apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying machine which is based on the physical property that the amount of toner powder consumed for developing is proportional to the potential variations of magnetic brush bristles which contact the photoreceptor surface during rotation of a photoreceptor drum and a developing roller with the potential variations utilized as a toner replenishing signal for applying a bias voltage corresponding to the toner replenishing signal, through an electrical control unit, to the brush bristles formed on a toner supply roller rotatably disposed in a toner supply tank.