Abstract: A camera comprising a film winder manually rotatable in a film winding direction about an axis and having a continuous alternating series of teeth and spaces concentric about the axis, and an anti-backup device having a tooth that can be received in any one of the spaces to bottom out in the space in order to prevent reverse rotation of the film winder in a film unwinding direction, is characterized in that the film winder is constructed to be tilted from being perpendicular to the axis in order to only partially retract any one of the spaces that has received the tooth from the tooth, when one manually rotates the film winder in the film winding direction, whereby as long as the film winder is tilted the tooth cannot bottom out in any one of the spaces that has received the tooth. This results in a film winder and anti-backup device that are quietly operating.

Abstract: A tamper resistant electronic flash unit comprising a pair of first and second flash circuit boards arranged parallel to one another in order to have respective inner sides that face towards each other and respective outer sides that face away from each other, an electrical component positioned on the outer side of the first flash circuit board, conductive connections connecting the electrical component to the first flash circuit board and having respective portions exposed on the inner side of the first flash circuit board, and a plurality of spacers holding the first and second flash circuit boards spaced from one another to maintain a narrow gap between the inner sides of the flash circuit boards that is narrow enough to discourage access to the portions of the conductive connections exposed on the inner side of the first flash circuit board, whereby it is difficult to reach the portions of the conductive connection in an attempt to short-circuit the electrical component.

Abstract: A receiving device for a film cassette, having a light-proof housing. The housing includes a film-advancing device which is assigned a gripping region for the start of the film projecting out of the film cassette. In order to facilitate insertion of the film into the camera body or into a magazine, the receiving device can be pivoted or drawn out of the housing, with parallel shifting of the axis of rotation of the receiving device, thus allowing insertion or removal of the film cassette. In the open position the inserted film cassette is spaced apart from the film-advancing device by a greater distance than in the closed position. The distance of the inserted film cassette from the gripping region in the open position is of such a size that the start of the film projecting out of the film cassette, even in the case of the smallest commercially available length, extends almost right up to the gripping region.

Abstract: In a mechanism for feeding a film, used in a camera, etc., in which a film having one perforation formed at a specified position relative to each frame or a film having a plurality of perforations formed at specified positions relative to each frame with unequal intervals therebetween as a whole is used, a sprocket 13 is employed for controlling to forward the film frame by frame. The sprocket is locked by a lever before an initial forwarding of thefilm is carried out, and it is unlocked from the lever when the film is forwarded to move the lever, so that the relationship of engagement between a tooth of the sprocket and the perforations of the film is ensured to be constant and synchronous during the initial feeding of the film.

Abstract: The movie film has two tracks of left and right digital audio data recording areas in addition to a frame image information recording area in the form of frames, an analog audio data recording area, and left and right perforations. In these audio data recording areas, the same encoded audio data is recorded. Preferably, the audio data is constituted, using the encoding system called the ATRAC system, by the encoding parameter data, the encoded audio data, and the same parameter as the encoding parameter doubly written. This doubly written parameter is recorded in a manner so that when for example the encoding parameter and the encoded audio data are recorded on the left side audio data recording area for a certain channel, the tracks are switched so that the recording is carried out on the opposite right side audio data recording area.

Abstract: A camera or an apparatus adapted to use a film cartridge, or a unit applicable to the camera or the apparatus, includes a first device for engaging the film cartridge, and a second device for at least one of loading and unloading the film cartridge with respect to the camera by automatically moving the first device together with the film cartridge.

Abstract: A protective cover has an arm extending toward a flash switch operation member, and a cam follower pin is formed on a free end of the arm. A flash switch knob, a shifting cam groove and a locking cam groove are formed integrally on a switch plate. When the protective cover is opened, the cam follower pin slides along the shifting cam groove, causing the flash switch knob to move to an ON position, turning on a flash switch of a flash device. In the open position of the protective cover, the cam follower pin is disengaged from the shifting cam groove, allowing the flash switch knob to move to an OFF position. When the protective cover is closed while the flash operation member is in the ON position, the cam follower pin slides along the shifting cam groove into a locking cam groove, causing the flash switch knob to move to the OFF position. While the cam follower pin is in the locking cam groove, the flash switch knob is locked in the OFF position.

Abstract: A drawing plate for a film end drawing device is provided which is inserted through a film entrance of a patrone into the patrone. The drawing plate is used in drawing one end portion of a film wound in the patrone from the film entrance. The drawing plate is provided, on its surface to be overlaid with the film, with a friction material having a large coefficient of friction such that the one end portion of the film in the patrone can be drawn out from the film entrance by means of frictional resistance of the friction material.

Abstract: An opaque rear cover part for a one-time-use camera comprising a door cover portion and a remaining cover portion arranged to permit the door cover portion to be pivoted open relative to the remaining cover portion about a pivot axis, and a fracture line of weakness formed between the door cover portion and the remaining cover portion to create a break along the fracture line of weakness which permits the door cover portion to be separated from the remaining cover portion when the door cover portion is pivoted open, is characterized in that the fracture line of weakness is entirely not coincident with the pivot axis and is angled with respect to the pivot axis in order to effect a shearing stress in addition to a bending stress at the fracture line of weakness which causes the door cover portion to separate from the remaining cover portion when the door cover portion is pivoted open.

Abstract: A camera includes a film cartridge chamber in which a film cartridge having a rotating shaft is loaded, a cartridge chamber lid for covering a loading port of the film cartridge chamber, the cartridge chamber lid being supported to be openable and closable on the camera and having an opening part extending from outside into the film cartridge chamber in such a position as to face a predetermined part of the rotating shaft of the film cartridge loaded in the film cartridge chamber, an exterior part mounted on the cartridge chamber lid and capable of coming into one of a state to cover the opening part and a state not to cover the opening part, and a holding part arranged to hold the rotating shaft by abutting on the predetermined part of the rotating shaft, the holding part holding the rotating shaft in a state of being situated in a predetermined position between the exterior part and the predetermined part of the rotating shaft, and the holding part being removable from the predetermined position through the

Abstract: A view finder device has a Poro prism and a first optical system facing an emergent plane of the Poro prism. The first optical system is positioned beside the Poro prism and opposite to a recording medium passage through which an electro-developing recording medium is moved. A relay optical system is provided behind the recording medium passage, so that the eye point of the view finder is separated from the first optical system. A second optical system is provided behind the relay optical system, so that the image formed by the relay optical system is observed. Since the electro-developing recording medium can be moved between the first optical system and the relay optical system, the finder optical system can be disposed at a lower position.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of using a film cartridge in a manner that a lead portion of a film contained in the cartridge is fed out therefrom by the film thrusting, wherein a controller judges that an initial loading is not executed normally when a perforation is not detected although a fed film amount on an initial loading reaches a first predetermined amount, and stops a detector from detecting a perforation until the fed film amount reaches a second predetermined amount which is less than the first. Thus, a detector does not wrongly detect a notch on a film's lead portion as a perforation, and a leading frame is fed normally with a reliable judgment on an initial loading.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for a ball shaped substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. An exposure apparatus continually exposes light through a mask having a specified pattern to a surface of a ball shaped substrate. Holders each holding a ball shaped substrate are attached to an annular member that rotates continuously. Optics equipment guide the light from a light source to a surface of the substrate through a mask having a specified pattern. At the same time, optics equipment scans the light emission end to maintain the location relationship of the substrate with the annular member. The substrate is exposed while moving continuously.

Abstract: A manual film winding device of a camera has a winding lever which is manually rotated between a winding start position and a winding end position. Also provided are a ratchet mechanism having a ratchet wheel, which is rotated in association with the winding lever's rotation, and a ratchet pawl which engages with the ratchet wheel. The ratchet wheel rotates in a winding direction when the winding lever rotates from the winding start position to the winding end position, and in a reverse direction, opposite to the winding direction, when the winding lever rotates from the winding end position to the winding start position. A film advance driving system operates in association with the ratchet wheel's rotation in the winding direction. The ratchet pawl is arranged to rotate toward a first direction in connection with the winding rotation of the ratchet wheel, and to rotate toward a second direction in connection with the reverse rotation of the ratchet wheel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling a camera. In the method, a film cartridge is positioned in a cartridge chamber of a camera frame assembly having a rear opening, a thumbwheel, and an active light lock closer. A spool of the cartridge and a film advance are engaged. A leading portion of a filmstrip is advanced out of the cartridge. The spool of the cartridge is turned in a rewind direction for the cartridge. Withdrawal of the leading portion of the filmstrip back into the cartridge, is prevented during the turning.

Abstract: A monitor method and apparatus for overlay alignment of a stepper includes a reticle having a plurality of align marks for the stepper to expose a plurality of stepping exposing patterns on an initial layer of a wafer in a step-and-repeat manner. Each subsequent stepping exposing pattern has at least one align mark overlaying with one of the align marks of a previous/adjacent stepping exposing pattern. A triangle geometric equation may be used to calculate the deviation angle resulting from stepping direction and reticle position (e.g., reticle skew angle) so that overlay accuracy against the initial layer may be monitored effectively for enhancing wafer production yield.

Abstract: An exposure device in which relative alignment between first and second objects is conducted by using an alignment and in which a pattern on the first object is exposed onto the second object to form the pattern on the first object onto the second object. The exposure device includes a mark detecting device for detecting an actual position of the alignment and for producing a detection signal, a moving device for moving the first and second objects relative to each other to perform alignment of the first and second objects and a control device for storing a positional error of the alignment mark generated when the alignment mark is formed on the second object and for controlling the alignment of the first and second objects by the moving device in accordance with the positional error and the detection signal obtained by the mark detecting device. Also disclosed is a mask producing method, an exposure method and semiconductor device producing methods that include related features.

Abstract: A method for judging an occurrence of an error when reading magnetic data obtained by scanning magnetic recording portions provided in conformity with the respective frames of a photographic film F by a magnetic data reader. The method comprises detecting whether or not a read state of the magnetic data has changed between successive frames, counting the number of changes in the read state and judging whether or not a data read error has occurred by comparing a count value with a judgment reference number.

Abstract: The invention refers to a lithographic device for transferring patterns onto a wafer. The task of the invention is to create a new optical lithographic device with improved resolution and depth of sharpness which will allow semiconductor components to be produced with a higher packing density. According to the invention, an imaging device is used which includes an interferometric device with confocal beam path and a reflection phase shift mask. Based on the achievable resolution and depth of sharpness, the device is suitable for use in DUV step and scan systems for the manufacture of highly integrated semiconductor components. Electron-beam and x-ray lithography only have to be used for smaller grids.

Abstract: A reticle mask is provided which allows a determination of an offset amount of a circuit pattern on a mask with respect to reticle alignment marks based on the offset between the reticle alignment marks and position measurement patterns. The position measurement patterns are formed in the circuit pattern area surrounded by a light shielding area, and enables a determination of the offset amount of the circuit pattern with respect to the reticle alignment marks, thereby reducing an offset amount between overlaid circuit patterns.