Abstract: In various embodiments, a fluid is treated by flowing the fluid through a flow cell having (i) a fluid entry, (ii) a fluid exit, (iii) a treatment region disposed between the fluid entry and exit, and (iv) an interior surface reflective to ultraviolet (UV) light, and diffusively reflecting UV light emitted from one or more UV light sources to illuminate the treatment region substantially uniformly, thereby treating the fluid.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprising a plurality of sensors arrayed to form a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns on a substrate and a driving unit configured to drive the plurality of sensors row by row, wherein the driving unit performs a first operation of driving the plurality of sensors while selecting the plurality of rows in a first order, and a second operation of driving the plurality of sensors while selecting the plurality of rows in a second order different from the first order after the first operation, such that a time difference is produced between a sensor in each row and a sensor in a neighboring row from the selection in the first order to the selection in the second order.

Abstract: A charged particle beam apparatus includes a stage for fixing a sample, a driving mechanism for driving the stage, a focused ion beam column, an electron beam column, a detector that detects a secondary charged particle emitted from the sample irradiated with a charged particle beam, a gas supplying device that supplies gas for forming a deposition film on a surface of the sample, and a control device that generates image data indicating the position distribution of the secondary charged particle detected by the detector. The control device irradiates the sample with the electron beam prior to irradiating the sample with a focused ion beam, recognizes an alignment mark provided in the sample in the image data by the electron beam, and performs positioning of an irradiation region of the sample using the alignment mark.

Abstract: A method of mass or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed comprising: providing an ion source for generating analyte ions and reference ions; providing a mass analyzer or ion mobility separator (IMS); providing an ion trap between the ion source and the mass analyzer or IMS; guiding reference ions from the ion source into the ion trap and trapping the reference ions in the ion trap; guiding the analyte ions from the ion source into the mass analyzer or IMS, wherein the analyte ions bypass the ion trap; and releasing reference ions from the ion trap into the mass analyzer or IMS for analysis.

Abstract: A craniostat for an extraoral dental radiographic apparatus includes an upper portion connected to a lower portion by two rods. The upper portion includes a rest for a patient's forehead, wherein the rest for the patient's forehead rest has an arched shape vertically sliding in a suitable seat inside a crossbeam supported by the rods. A method of use of a craniostat according to the invention is also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an X-ray source target is provided that includes two or more layers of X-ray generating material at different depths within a source target for an electron beam. In one such embodiment the X-ray generating material in each layer does not extend fully across an underlying substrate surface.

Abstract: A multi charged particle beam writing apparatus includes a deflector to collectively deflect each beam in an “on” state, by tracking control in such a way as to follow stage movement, an obtaining processing circuitry to obtain a deviation amount of an irradiation position of each beam of multi-beams depending on a tracking amount of the tracking control, a correction coefficient calculation processing circuitry to calculate a correction coefficient for correcting the deviation amount of the irradiation position depending on the tracking amount, for each beam of the multi-beams and for each irradiation position, a shot data generation processing circuitry to generate shot data where deviation of an irradiation position of each beam of multi-beams depending on a tracking amount is to be corrected using a correction coefficient, for each tracking operation, and a deflection control processing circuitry to control plural blankers, based on the shot data.

Abstract: A computed tomography (CT) imaging modality includes a stator and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator. The CT imaging modality includes a radiation source and a detector array for detecting at least some of the radiation. A first data communication component is coupled to the stator or the rotor for transmitting data between the stator and the rotor. The first data communication component includes a first circuit board assembly including a first conductive layer and a first dielectric layer and a second circuit board assembly including a second conductive layer and a second dielectric layer. The second conductive layer of the second circuit board assembly faces the first conductive layer of the first circuit board assembly. An insulating layer is disposed between the first conductive layer of the first circuit board assembly and the second conductive layer of the second circuit board assembly.

Abstract: A disclosed chemical detection system for detecting a target material, such as an explosive material, can include a cantilevered probe, a probe heater coupled to the cantilevered probe, and a piezoelectric element disposed on the cantilevered probe. The piezoelectric element can be configured as a detector and/or an actuator. Detection can include, for example, detecting a movement of the cantilevered probe or a property of the cantilevered probe. The movement or a change in the property of the cantilevered probe can occur, for example, by adsorption of the target material, desorption of the target material, reaction of the target material and/or phase change of the target material. Examples of detectable movements and properties include temperature shifts, impedance shifts, and resonant frequency shifts of the cantilevered probe. The overall chemical detection system can be incorporated, for example, into a handheld explosive material detection system.

Abstract: A method for performing sub-nanometer three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of a sample under ambient conditions using a diamond having at least one shallowly planted nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. A driving radio-frequency (RF) signal and a microwave signal are applied to provide independent control of the NV spin and the target dark spins. A magnetic-field gradient is applied to the sample with a scanning magnetic tip to provide a narrow spatial volume in which the target dark electronic spins are on resonance with the driving RF field. The sample is controllably scanned by moving the magnetic tip to systematically bring non-resonant target dark spins into resonance with RF signal. The dark spins are measured and mapped by detecting magnetic resonance of said nitrogen-vacancy center at each of said different magnetic tip positions. The dark-spin point-spread-function for imaging the dark spins is directly measured by the NV center.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charged-particle radiation apparatus with a defect observation device for observing defects on a sample, the apparatus including a control unit and a display unit. The control unit is configured to execute a drift correction process on one or more images acquired with the defect observation device under a plurality of correction conditions, and display the plurality of correction conditions and a plurality of corrected images obtained through execution of the drift correction process in association with each other, as a first screen on the display unit.

Abstract: Examples include an envelope for an imaging plate. The envelope can include an opaque film partially hermetically sealed with a transparent film defining a cavity between the opaque film and the transparent film; the cavity configured to receive an imaging plate; an adhesive disposed on the opaque film or the transparent film along an unsealed portion of the opaque film and the transparent film; and a notch defined by the opaque film and the transparent film along a tab portion of the opaque film and transparent film that is hermetically sealed.

Abstract: A system that may include a first mechanical stage, a second mechanical stage, charged particle beam optics and a controller. The system may charge, with a charged particle beam, a slice of the object. During the charging of the slice the first mechanical stage may introduce a first movement along a first direction, between the object and charged particle beam optics. The charged particle beam optics may scan the slice with the charged particle beam. The scanning of the slice includes performing, by the charged particle optics, a first counter-movement deflection of the charged particle beam to at least partially counter the first movement. The second mechanical stage is configured to introduce a second movement along a second direction, between the object and the charged particle beam optics. Upon a completion of the charging of the slice, the second mechanical stage is configured to perform a first flyback operation.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is for generating write data for resizing a write pattern to be written with an energy beam. The method includes connecting vertices of the write pattern with a plurality of vectors, extracting a pair of collinear vectors pointing in opposite directions from the vectors, dividing the write pattern into a plurality of figures with a line passing between two adjacent ends of the extracted pair of vectors and extending in a direction orthogonal to the pair of vectors, and generating write data for each of the figures, the write data containing figure data and resizing information, the figure data indicating a shape, a size, and a position of the figure, the resizing information indicating resizing or non-resizing, resizing directions in the resizing, and an amount of resizing in each of the resizing directions.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a multi-layer X-ray source target is provided having two or more layers of target material at different depths and different thicknesses. In one such embodiment the X-ray generating layers increase in thickness in relationship to their depth relative to the electron beam facing surface of the source target, such that X-ray generating layer further from this surface are thick than X-ray generating layers closer to the electron beam facing surface.

Abstract: A dental hand tool including a main body having a main body proximate end, a main body distal end, at least one dental utility conduit associated with the main body proximate end, and a dental disinfection system associated with the main body that disinfects dental fluid at a point of use. The dental disinfection system includes a disinfection reactor associated with the main body, a collimated germicidal UV light source end, a disinfection reactor distal end, disinfection reactor walls, a disinfection reactor fluid inlet that receives the dental fluid from a dental fluid source, a disinfection reactor dental fluid outlet that delivers the dental fluid to the point of use, and a disinfection reactor inner chamber.

Abstract: A system for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source includes a radical transport system that includes one or more conduits, each of the one or more conduits comprising a sidewall, the sidewall comprising a linear portion and a second portion, the linear portion of the sidewall comprising a first end that defines a first opening, and the second portion of the sidewall comprising one or more openings from an interior of the conduit to an exterior of the conduit, where the second portion of at least one of the one or more conduits is positioned relative to a collector that is inside of a vacuum chamber of the EUV light source with a gap between the collector and the second portion; and a control system.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope comprising a probe that is mechanically responsive to a driving force. A signal generator provides a drive signal to an actuator that generates the driving force, the drive signal being such as to cause the actuator to move the probe repeatedly towards and away from a sample. A detection system is arranged to output a height signal indicative of a path difference between light reflected from the probe and a height reference beam. Image processing apparatus is arranged to use the height signal to form an image of the sample. Signal processing apparatus is arranged to monitor the probe as the probe approaches a sample and to detect a surface position at which the probe interacts with the sample. In response to detection of the surface position, the signal processing apparatus prompts the signal generator to modify the drive signal.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to ion implantation systems that make use of a vapor compression cooling system. In one embodiment, a thermal controller in the vapor compression system sends refrigeration fluid though a compressor and a condenser according to an ideal vapor compression cycle to help limit or prevent undesired heating of a workpiece during implantation, or to actively cool the workpiece.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an elongate chamber. A UV source includes a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including an active layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The active layer emits radiation having a peak wavelength in a UV range. The semiconductor device is positioned on a wall of the elongate chamber. An inner surface of the elongate chamber is reflective.