Abstract: A method of monitoring renewable carbon in fuel streams in a refinery or blend facility while co-processing a bio-feedstock with a fossil feedstock or blending a renewable product with a fossil product wherein the method provides for quantification of renewable C14 carbon content to adjust the total renewable content to a targeted renewable content in situ while lowering the limit of detection.

Abstract: A transmission fluid composition contains a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock, and a minor amount of an additive package comprising: (i) a mixture comprising two or more phosphites and/or phosphates; (ii) one or more thioester compounds; (iii) a detergent comprising calcium salicylate; and (iv) a poly(alkylene amine)-based ashless dispersant endcapped with metallocene-catalyzed PAO arms. Such a transmission fluid may be used for controlling/reducing wear in at least partially electrically-powered transmissions and/or for cooling/insulating electrical/electronic components of at least partially electrically-powered drivetrains.

Abstract: An object is to provide a viscosity index improver composition that is capable of properly regulating the HTHS viscosity in the effective temperature range of a lubricating oil composition to a lower range, and a lubricating oil composition containing the viscosity index improver composition, and the viscosity index improver composition contains a comb-shaped polymer (A) containing a structural unit derived from a macromonomer (?) and a structural unit derived from a particular monomer (A1), the macromonomer (?) having a (meth)acryloyl group at one end, and having a structural unit derived from a monomer (?1) selected from butadiene and hydrogenated butadiene.

Abstract: A method of processing a hydrocarbon feed may comprise fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a middle stream and a heavy stream; hydrotreating the heavy stream to form a hydrotreated heavy stream; feeding the light stream to a first Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone; feeding the middle stream to a second FCC reaction zone; and feeding the hydrotreated heavy stream to a third Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone. The light stream may comprise hydrocarbons boiling at less than 200° C. The middle stream may comprise hydrocarbons boiling at from 200° C. to 370° C. The heavy stream may comprise hydrocarbons boiling at greater than greater than 370° C. Each of the first and second FCC reaction zones may operate under more severe operating conditions than the third FCC reaction zone.

Abstract: Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Abstract: A method of processing a hydrocarbon feed may comprise fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a middle stream, and a heavy stream; hydrotreating the heavy stream to form a hydrotreated heavy stream; and feeding the light stream, middle stream, and the hydrotreated heavy stream to a single Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone, thereby producing a product stream comprising light olefins. The light stream may be exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the middle stream and the middle stream may be exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the hydrotreated heavy stream, within the same FCC reaction zone. The single FCC reaction zone may be operated in a down-flow configuration and under high severity conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrogen-containing terpolymer biodiesel solidification point depressant, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) respectively preparing methylacrylic acid high carbon ester and N-hexadecyl methacrylamide; 2) adding the methylacrylic acid high carbon ester, the N-hexadecyl methacrylamide, and vinyl acetate to a solvent, and adding an initiator for polymerization to yield a methylacrylic acid high carbon ester-N-hexadecyl methacrylamide-vinyl acetate terpolymer, i.e., a nitrogen-containing terpolymer biodiesel solidification point depressant.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) hydrogen through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and hydrogen distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the hydrogen below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method to deconstruct a biomass: the method comprising: (a) introducing a solvent comprising a polyamine, or a mixture of polyamines, to a biomass to dissolve at least part of solid biomass in the solvent, wherein the polyamine is a Brønsted or Lewis base, and/or the polyamine is a hydrogen bond donor and/or acceptor; (b) optionally introducing an enzyme and/or a microbe to the solubilized biomass mixture such that the enzyme and/or microbe produces a sugar from the solubilized biomass mixture; (c) optionally separating the sugar from the solubilized biomass mixture; and (d) optionally separating the lignan from the solubilized biomass mixture.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture below atmospheric pressure to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a compound which allows realization of a lubricant having high adsorbability and a high covering property with respect to a magnetic disk, particularly a carbon protective film. A perfluoropolyether compound in accordance with an aspect of the present invention has a naphthyl group or a phenoxyphenyl group at any one of terminals thereof.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition with a resin (A) and a base oil (B), the resin (A) is in a range of 0.01 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts of (A) and (B), the resin (A) satisfies the following requirements: (A-1) the resin (A) is a polymer including a constituent unit from 4-methyl-1-pentene in a range of 60 to 99 mol % and a constituent unit from an ?-olefin having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (excluding 4-methyl-1-pentene) in a range of 1 to 40 mol % (provided that 4-methyl-1-pentene and the ?-olefin is 100 mol %); (A-2) intrinsic viscosity [?] measured in decalin at 135° C. is in a range of 0.01 to 5.0 dl/g; (A-3) a melting point (Tm) is in a range of 110 to 150° C. as determined by DSC; and the base oil (B) has (B-1) kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is in a range of 1 to 50 mm2/s.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process that produces solid methane gas that is stable at room temperature such that the solid methane gas is capable of storage and shipment without specialized equipment. The process includes an apparatus for preparing solid methane gas, a method for using the apparatus, a method for preparing mixtures for use with the apparatus and resulting compositions. Solid methane gas is obtained by using a sophisticated apparatus and solid methane gas complexes having many different ingredients and ingenious methods. Methane gas flows through the sophisticated apparatus to be cooled and ultimately mixed with the solid methane bed complex at subzero Celsius conditions to create solid methane that is stable at room temperature. This solid methane is capable of being turned back into methane gas.

Abstract: Compositions based on effluents and/or products from FCC processing of a high saturate content, low heteroatom content feedstock are provided. By processing a high saturate content, low heteroatom content feed under various types of FCC conditions, a variety of compositions with unexpected compositional features and/or unexpected properties can be formed. The unexpected compositional features and/or unexpected properties can correspond to features and/or properties associated with one or more of the total effluent, a naphtha boiling range portion of effluent, a distillate or light cycle oil boiling range portion of the effluent, and/or a bottoms portion of the effluent.

Abstract: Systems and methods associated with biomass decomposition are generally described. Certain embodiments are related to adjusting a flow rate of a fluid comprising oxygen into a reactor in which biomass is decomposed. The adjustment may be made, at least in part, based upon a measurement of a characteristic of the reactor and/or a characteristic of the biomass. Certain embodiments are related to cooling at least partially decomposed biomass. The biomass may be cooled by flowing a gas over an outlet conduit in which the biomass is cooled, and then directing the gas to a reactor after it has flowed over the outlet conduit. Certain embodiments are related to systems comprising a reactor and an outlet conduit configured such that greater than or equal to 75% of its axially projected cross-sectional area is occupied by a conveyor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of processing a hydrocarbon feed may comprise fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a middle stream, and a residue stream, hydrotreating the residue stream to form a hydrotreated residue stream; and feeding the light stream, middle stream, and the hydrotreated residue stream to a single Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone, thereby producing a product stream comprising light olefins. The light stream and the hydrotreated residue streams may be exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the middle stream, within the same FCC reaction zone. The single FCC reaction zone may be operated in a down-flow configuration and the single FCC reaction zone may be operated under high severity conditions.

Abstract: A process for upgrading crude oil may include combining crude oil and feed water in a supercritical water unit to produce a first upgraded output, separating the first upgraded output in a first gas-water-oil separator to produce a first gas effluent, a first water effluent, and a first oil effluent, separating the first water effluent in a first water treatment unit to produce a rejected water stream and a recycle water stream, combining the first oil effluent and the rejected water stream in a nearcritical water unit to produce a second upgraded output, and recycling at least a portion of the recycle water stream for introduction into the supercritical water unit. A system for upgrading crude oil may include a supercritical water unit, a first gas-water-oil separator disposed downstream of the supercritical water unit, a first water treatment unit disposed downstream of the first gas-water-oil separator, and a nearcritical water unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a method of processing a hydrocarbon feed includes fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream and a heavy stream, hydrotreating the heavy stream to form a hydrotreated heavy stream, combining the light stream and the hydrotreated heavy stream to form a upgraded feed stream, and feeding the upgraded feed stream to a single Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone, thereby producing a product stream comprising light olefins. The light stream may comprise hydrocarbons boiling at less than 540° C. and the heavy stream may comprise hydrocarbons boiling at greater than 540° C. The FCC reaction zone may be operated in a down-flow configuration and the FCC may be operated under high severity conditions.

Abstract: A process for converting crude oil may comprise contacting a crude oil with one or more hydroprocessing catalysts to produce a hydroprocessed effluent and contacting the hydroprocessed effluent with a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst composition in an FCC system to produce cracked effluent comprising at least olefins. The crude oil may have an API gravity from 30 to 35. The FCC system may operate at a temperature of greater than or equal to 580° C., a weight ratio of the FCC catalyst composition to the crude oil of from 2:1 to 10:1, and a residence time of from 0.1 seconds to 60 seconds. The FCC catalyst composition may comprise ultrastable Y-type zeolite (USY zeolite) impregnated with lanthanum; ZSM-5 zeolite impregnated with phosphorous; an alumina binder; colloidal silica; and a matrix material comprising Kaolin clay.