Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for cooling wire rod and wire in which wire rod and wire leaving the last roll block of a finishing mill is delivered to a first portion of a cooling path for the cooling of wire or wire which slopes downwardly from a likewise inclined finishing block at an angle .alpha. of at least 3.degree. so that the wire rod or wire is subject to little or no compressive stress due to the friction between the wire rod or wire and the tube through which the latter passes in order to be subjected to cooling liquid. The wire rod or wire can be placed under tension if the angle of slope .alpha. is sufficiently large and, in an extreme case the first portion of the cooling path can decent vertically. A loop layer receives the wire rod or wire from the first portion and deposits the wire rod or wire in overlapping loops on conveying means where the wire rod or wire is air-cooled.

Abstract: A method of forming an end suitable for electric coupling, on a coaxial cable having a flexible metal shield and a synthetic outer sheath. The outer sheath is cut circumferentially at a distance from the cable end, the end portion of the outer sheath is moved in the direction of the cable end so that the moved portion projects partly beyond the cable end, the end portion of the outer sheath is shortened, and then moved back while clamping against the metal shield, so that the metal shield is upset in the form of an umbrella and the insulated conductor is exposed.

Abstract: A method of attaching top and bottom stops to a slide fastener chain at one and the same stage of manufacture. The fastener chain is moved along a path until a trailing end of a preceding pair of coupling element groups arrives at a first fixed die, by which time leading end portions of a succeeding pair of coupling element groups are disengaged from each other. With the trailing end of the preceding pair of coupling element groups retained at the first die, an adjacent pair of opposed blank tape portions is sagged until the endmost disengaged coupling elements arrive at a second fixed die spaced a predetermined distance from the first die along the path. Finally, a bottom stop and a pair of top stops are attached concurrently and respectively to the trailing end of the preceding pair of coupling element groups at the first die and to the disengaged endmost portions of the succeeding pair of coupling element groups at the second die. An apparatus for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a screw for forming internal threads in a hole in a work formed from a blank having a shank portion and a frusto-conical shaft portion. Three flat portions extending parallel with the axis of the blank are formed on the shank. A length of the end portion of the frusto-conical shaft portion is left as right circular. A delta formed region is formed on the head end of each flat portion, and has a peripherally arcular convex surface and tapers to the flat portion. By thread rolling all but the shaft end portion, spoon-like recesses are formed at the crest of the threads passing on the flat portion to form inducing male threads. The depth of the spoon-like recesses sequentially decrease on the delta formed region to produce transient torque increasing characteristics.

Abstract: An arrangement or array of solar cells comprises a plurality of cells each having contacting connectors which establish an electrically conducting connection between the individual solar cells. Each solar cell has a connector which projects slightly from the edge thereof and is of a selected profile or shape such that the contacting connectors of adjacent cells may be overlapped and connected to each other for electrical connection in an arrangement in which they do not come in contact with each other adjacent the solar cells.

Abstract: A system for heating wire during a wire drawing process which comprises one or more cylindrical silicon carbide tubes each having an aperture in the side wall thereof. A flame projecting burner is situated adjacent the aperture in the side wall of each tube for projecting a flame through the aperture onto a wire passing through the cylindrical tube. The arrangement causes the wire to be heated by direct impingement of the flame onto the wire, residual flame and hot gases redirected by the cylindrical tube longitudinally of the wire and radiant heat from the cylindrical silicon carbide tube.

Abstract: Sealed, molded fiberglass doors and the framing members which surround them, such as used on utility trucks and other purposes, are in the present invention molded in a single piece. The door panel, originally formed recessed inwardly from the framing member, is bounded by an outward facing V-groove whose outer wall slopes toward the framing member. The integral molded part is then severed to divide the sloping outer wall into a framing member flange and the outer margin of a V-flange which bounds the door. On fitting the cut edge of this V-flange with a heavily cushioned channel gasket, and presenting the door against the flange of the framing member, a secure seal is effected without any tendency to pull the gasket off the door edge, even when frozen. Forming the parts integrally not only saves mold costs and material costs, but also assures perfect fit.

Abstract: A ring former and cutoff utilizes a continuous ring former which causes the stock to assume the form of a helix having a number of turns. The leading end of the helix after forming a plurality of free turns passes through a drive roll set, through a stationary cutoff die and into a sizing hoop of larger diameter than those in the turns of the helix. The free end of the helix to expand within the sizing hoop. Sensors detect the expansion to energize the cutoff at the die to sever a turn of the helix with the momentary halt of the stock at the die causing the helix between the cutoff and former to expand or unwind. When the severed end of the helix is removed or falls free, the drive roll set again drives the new leading end of the helix through the cutoff die at a speed sufficient to return or wind the helix to its original condition.

Abstract: A pair of slide fastener stringers are intermittently fed in a pair of longitudinal paths, respectively, in parallel planes with respective rows of coupling elements being directed in one direction. The slide fastener stringers are laterally shifted toward each other off their paths by coupler members as the latter are combined together. A presser is moved into coaction with the combined coupler members to define a generally Y-shaped coupling channel in which the rows of coupling elements are forced into confronting relation. The rows of coupling elements can be interengaged when they move through the coupling channel.

Abstract: A mandrel for a blind rivet is made by first forming a mandrel blank from wire stock in a series of cold heading operations which include forming an enlarged head at one end of an elongate stem, and then scraping material from the peripheral surface of part of the head adjacent to the stem and moving the material in a direction away from the stem so as to leave a core and to form a circumferential flange-like boss from the scraped material. The mandrel blank thus produced is then subjected to a rolling operation in which the mandrel blank is rolled between contoured mandrel-rolling dies and thereby formed into a finished mandrel.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrical contacts. The invention is specifically directed to electrical contacts comprising a base and a contact element having a contact surface and one method of making the contact includes the following steps:1. forming a blind or through hole in the base with at least one protrusion extending inwardly from the wall of the hole;2. inserting into the hole a contact element billet having a contact surface, and3. deforming the so inserted contact element billet so that the billet is at least partially retained within the hole by means of the said protrusion.

Abstract: A tank and method for fabricating the tank are disclosed wherein a longitudinally seam welded segment of a generally cylindrical steel tube is formed by hot spinning into a cylinder. The cylinder is heat treated, shot blasted, and non-destructively tested to verify that the heat treatment is uniform and proper, that the wall thickness is as desired, and that the weld region is acceptable with no critical defects created as a result of the hot spinning and heat treating. The cylinder is pressurized with air to a predetermined pressure to verify that there is no leakage from the spun closed end of the tank. Finally, the cylinder is hydrostatically tested to a predetermined pressure level with water and the cylinder weld is simultaneously examined by means of acoustic emission with the cylinder stressed in response to the internally applied hydrostatic test pressure to determine if a paste weld condition exists.

Abstract: A fatigue resistant self-locking fastener is formed by screwing two threaded elements into engagement with a part having a thread which is slightly off-size with respect to the threads of those elements, locating the two elements just in contact with one another while in engagement with said part but without tightening them against one another sufficiently to develop any substantial stress in the threads, and then securing the elements together in that relative position, preferably by welding.

Abstract: A method of attaching sliders and top end stops to a pair of continuous slide fastener stringers, each stringer having successive spaced groups of coupling elements mounted on continuous stringer tape and interengaged with opposed complementary groups of coupling elements on the other stringer tape, there being successive pairs of opposed blank tape portions between the successive spaced pairs of coupling element groups. One of the successive pairs of opposed blank tape portions is spread apart. A slider is set and retained at a first fixed point between the spread pair of opposed blank tape portions. The opposed blank tape portions are then released so as to engage shoulders of a guide channel of the slider. Then the stringers are fed backwardly so as to thread the opposed blank tape portions through the guide channel of the slider. After that, the stringers are fed forwardly until end portions of an adjacent pair of coupling element groups are introduced into the guide channel of the slider.

Abstract: There is disclosed a technique for tightening threaded fasteners in which values of offset torque, initial tension rate relative to angle, final tension rate relative to angle and other joint related factors are empirically determined by instrumenting a plurality of fasteners of the type ultimately to be tightened. In one embodiment, torque and angle are monitored during tightening. Calculations are conducted, while tightening, to determine the tension prevailing in the bolt at a particular angle of advance. By using the calculated tension value and the particular angle of advance, an instantaneous position of threading advance on the tension-angle curve of the fastener is established. From this instantaneous position, it is determined how much greater angle of advance or how much torque is required to tighten the fasteners to a final desired tension value. The same technique may also be used merely to monitor tightening which is terminated by a different tightening strategy.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a fastener having a head and a shank includes the step of heating one end of a piece of barstock. A ring is then telescopically slid onto the cold end and moved toward the hot end of the barstock. Due to thermal expansion of the hot end of the barstock, the ring interferes with the hot end of the barstock. The ring is then engaged by a pair of dies and the barstock is forced further through the ring to accurately position it relative to the ring. The dies are then pressed against the barstock and the ring to grip the barstock and hold it against axial movement relative to the ring. The dies cooperate with the ring to form a die cavity. The hot end of the barstock extends into the die cavity. A header hot works the metal of the barstock to press it against an end surface of the ring and against side surfaces of the dies to shape the head end of the fastener. The header is then withdrawn, the dies are separated and the ring is removed from the shank of the fastener.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a drum brake shoe comprises the steps of providing a strip of material, forming a plurality of connected blanks with the strip, bending each blank to form an arcuate surface with adjoining sides, cutting one of the blanks by serving a connecting link and trimming the one blank to form a contour for the adjoining sides. Thereafter, a friction lining is attached to the arcuate surface.

Abstract: Coating or lining normally-corrodible tubular metal shapes with corrosion-resistant metal coatings or linings is effected by placing the tubular metal shape in concentric telescopic relationship with a tubular shape of the corrosion-resistant metal to provide an assembly consisting of an inner tubular member and an outer tubular member, closing the ends of the inner member, introducing a liquid into the interior of the inner member to fill that member, and then freezing the liquid while confined in the inner member, whereby the outer wall of the inner member is expanded into firm contact with the inner wall of the outer member. The process is typically applied to an assembly of the two shapes in concentric telescopic relationship with one of the shaped defining an inner member and the other of the shapes defining an outer member, a first cap and a second cap enclosing the ends of the inner member in fluid-tight relationship, and means for introducing a liquid through one of the caps.

Abstract: An improved indexable cutting insert and tool holder for threading operations comprises an insert having end wall regions and parallel sides and parallel top and bottom walls perpendicular to said sides. The insert is invertable about the axis perpendicular to its sides and is adapted for mounting in the pocket of a tool holder with one end region exposed. A recess is formed in at least one of the top and bottom walls along the outer edges with an outer region forming cutting edges at its juncture with the end wall region. The recess also has an inner region in the form of an abrupt rise leading from the lowermost part of the outer region upwardly to the plane of the top or bottom wall. The cutting edges are angled so that when the insert is placed in a negative rake holder the cutting edges can be presented at zero or positive rake to the workpiece.

Abstract: An electrical contact manufacturing method and apparatus with which entrance of the contact into a base metal plate is prevented during forming of the contact to thereby increase the service life of the contact. A contact material is welded in the form of a spot to a predetermined position on a base metal plate. The contact material is depressed from above by an upper punch to mold the electrical contact. Simultaneously, the portion of the base metal plate lying directly below the contact is depressed with a lower punch to raise that portion of the base metal plate and the contact.