Abstract: A continuous process for melting inorganic raw materials to produce molten glass in a generally cylindrical continuously rotating chamber comprising the following steps:A. feeding the raw materials into the chamber;B. providing a flame of high intensity heat produced by the combustion of fuel with a gas containing about 50 to about 100 percent by volume oxygen and directing the flame into the chamber in such a manner that the raw materials are melted; andC. rotating said chamber at a sufficient speed and cooling the exterior of the chamber with a liquid coolant in such a manner that the inner surface of the chamber is coated with a layer of molten glass, the layer is solidified, and a solidified layer of glass is maintained throughout the process; andD. withdrawing molten glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to siliceous materials in the form of elements of aligned elongated individual crystals and more particularly to methods of forming such elements, said methods comprising providing a siliceous melt which will yield at the temperature of crystallization a primary crystalline phase which has a silicate chain structure, and drawing said melt, crystal nucleation having been induced, the rate of drawing being such as to cause continuous propagation of crystals of the said primary phase generally in the direction of drawing. The melt is drawn after crystal nucleation from an orifice, which can be directly or indirectly heated, of any desirable shape, such as circular, elongated or annular so as to result in the element being of cylindrical, sheet or tubular form or even of more complicated shape such as in cross-section to approximate to a turbine or compressor blade shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus useful therein for steam hydrating alkali silicate glass materials and subsequently extruding the hydrated material. There need be no moving parts in the hydration apparatus since the process can utilize the pressure of steam to both hydrate the glass and extrude it from the hydration chamber. The process permits the formation of solid extrusions or foam extrusions.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the production of glasses in the Li.sub.2 O--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 or Na.sub.2 O--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 composition systems containing NiO and TiO.sub.2. Such glasses exhibit a brown coloration when first melted but the color is converted to a green hue after exposure to a particularly-defined heat treatment. The green coloration results from the growth of a small amount of very fine-grained crystallites of nickel spinel (NiO.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3). The crystallized articles can be chemically strengthened utilizing a low temperature ion exchange reaction.

Abstract: A differentially cooled plunger cooperative with a mold for press forming glass articles and the method of cooling pressed glass articles formed in said mold by use of the pressing plunger. The plunger is designed so that cooling fluid may be supplied from a single source thereof to different zones or regions of the plunger for differential cooling of the zones or regions and of a glass article press formed by the plunger.

Abstract: A sealing glass composition comprises a PbO-containing glass frit, two particulate refractory fillers having controlled particle size distributions, and optionally at least one additive to prevent the chemical reduction of the PbO when the frit is fired in the presence of reducing conditions. The sealing glass composition is useful as a package sealant. It is especially useful as a solder glass for sealing a face plate portion to a funnel portion of a color television picture tube at temperatures of about 400.degree. C. A particulate glass composition for use in preparing the sealing glass composition, a sealing glass paste and methods of using the sealing glass and paste are provided.

Abstract: Glassware forming apparatus includes a parison mold, a blow mold, a pair of neck rings for supporting glassware blanks, first and second invert arms for supporting the neck rings and first and second arbors for supporting the first and second invert arms, respectively. The invert arms support their respective neck rings for movement in a common vertical plane. The axes of the arbors extend generally parallel to one another and generally perpendicular to the common plane. The molds have parallel vertical axes lying in said common vertical plane. Apparatus is provided for shifting the arbors such that their axes move toward and away from one another during an operating cycle. Apparatus is provided for pivoting the arbors about their axes to move the neck rings in invert and revert arcs between the parison mold and the blow mold.

Abstract: An apparatus for making cathode ray tube screens with contoured fixtures comprises an automatic press having a rotary table with moulds radially fixed thereto, as well as a mechanism for moulding the fixtures. This mechanism has a vertically and horizontally displaceable frame carrying heaters and male dies. In operation, the frame is introduced into the mould with a screen blank and then is placed, in turn, in two locked positions in which the screen boards heating and fixture moulding, respectively, are effected.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to photosensitive glasses, i.e., glasses which, after an exposure to high energy or actinic radiations, can be heat treated in a certain manner to develop a colored transparent article, or which can be thermally opacified to produce a colored opal glass. More particularly, the instant invention is directed to alkali halide silver halide-containing photosensitive glasses which, through a unique sequence of shortwave radiation exposures and heat treatments, exhibit the total range of colors seen in the visible spectrum either in the transparent or in the opacified state and in three dimensions. The base glass composition can be varied widely, but the presence of silver, alkali oxide, fluorine, at least one of the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and, where ultra-violet radiations comprise the actinic radiations, cerium oxide is required. Multi-colored photographs and other unique decorative effects can be imparted into such glasses.

Abstract: A machine for forming hollow articles of vitreous material includes at least one forming station provided with at least one forming means and for each forming means a neck ring means carrying a parison and including a pair of neck ring halves and a guide ring coaxially carried by the neck ring halves and rotatable relative thereto. The guide ring which engages the parison at its mouth is rotated to thereby impart to the parison a rotary motion relative to the remainder of its forming means which may comprise a split mold to thereby avoid formation of seams or fins on the finished hollow article and to improve the surface quality thereof.

Abstract: Current inrush limiter for incandescent lamps is made by mixing finely divided vanadium sesquioxide and vanadium pentoxide with finely divided glass-forming constituents which include vanadium compound. The mix is compacted and sintered in a substantially inert atmosphere which converts the vanadium oxides to vanadium dioxide maintained in a chemically stable and mechanically strong mass by vitreous binder.

Abstract: A method for producing one-material optical fibers having at least one light conducting component supported in a protective sleeve or casing characterized by forming a one-piece blank having an open cross section by either pressing, continuous casting, chill casting or rolling, working the blank to close the cross section, heating the blank with the closed cross section to a suitable temperature for drawing and drawing the blank with the closed cross section into the one-material optical fiber having a closed cross section. Preferably, the protective casing during the step of forming is formed in two casing components having edges extending along the length of the blank and spaced apart and the step of working the blank forces the edges into engagement with each other to form a closed cross section.

Abstract: A crystallized glass article formed of discrete small bodies of crystallizable glass fusion-bonded together at their interfaces is characterized in that a first layer extending from the article surface to a predetermined depth is non-porous, a predetermined thickness of second layer connected to and beneath the first layer being porous. Each of the small bodies in the first layer has needle-like .beta.-wollastonite crystals extending from the surface of the body to the interior thereof in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the body. Accordingly the article is characterized by a surface pattern defined by small bodies due to the differences of orientation of needle-like .beta.-wollastonite crystals and by a reduced specific gravity.

Abstract: In the hot forming of TV funnels from molten glass, heat is extracted from the glass in the moil area at a lesser rate than that in adjacent areas by providing relatively thin mold portions in such area and thereby producing more fluid glass which may be formed with lower pressing forces. Further, by reducing the wall thickness of the nose portion of a pressing plunger, internal cooling may be applied to such nose portion during the pressing cycle to cool such nose portion and contract it away from the moil area, and thereby prevent the formation of checks and cracks during plunger withdrawal.

Abstract: In the sealing of two glass surfaces together in the formation of a hermetically sealed hollow article, it is important that the opposed seal edges be uniformly complementary along their sealing extent, and a method of sagging the seal edge to a desired surface contour is disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a glass parison comprises a spindle and a plunger mounted in the spindle for axial displacement. Mechanism is provided for axially displacing the plunger relative to the housing. A press mould has a cavity for carrying glass melt and is movable into a working position aligned with the plunger so that the plunger may enter the mould cavity. A recess is provided in the housing in communication with the mould cavity to receive excess glass melt displaced thereinto in response to positioning of the plunger within the mould cavity. The plunger functions as a valve to alternately block and establish access between a blowing air passage and the front end of the plunger to allow air to be blown against a glass parison being produced. Retaining ring segments which partly define the melt-receiving recess are pivotable between a first position retaining a parison in place, and a second position allowing removal of the parison.

Abstract: A suspended mass is shaped by melting all or a selected portion of the mass and applying acoustic energy in varying amounts to different portions of the mass. In one technique for forming an optical waveguide slug, a mass of oval section is suspended and only a portion along the middle of the cross-section is heated to a largely fluid consistency. Acoustic energy is applied to opposite edges of the oval mass to press the unheated opposite edge portions together so as to form bulges at the middle of the mass. In another technique for forming a ribbon of silicon for constructing solar cells, a cylindrical thread of silicon is drawn from a molten mass of silicon, and acoustic energy is applied to opposite sides of the molten thread to flatten it into a ribbon.

Abstract: Bonding a metal part having a copper surface to glass, in particular a semiconductor device. A small quantity of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or CuO is added to the glass. The copper is oxidized at a relatively low temperature and relatively low oxygen pressure and thereafter sealing-in is performed in a nonoxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging an electric glass furnace having a bottom, first and second opposing sidewalls, and first and second opposing end walls. The apparatus includes hoppers for receiving glass batch from a source and for discharging the glass batch into the furnace. Each of the hoppers has an upper inlet end and a lower outlet end extending along the upper edge of one of the end walls of the furnace. One of the hoppers extends inwardly from the first sidewall along the edge and the other one of the hoppers extends inwardly from the second sidewall along the edge with the hoppers spaced from each other along the edge. A pusher drum, rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis, is associated with each of the hoppers. Each of the drums is parallel to the edge but spaced therefrom with the outlet end of the associated hopper therebetween. The drums are substantially axially aligned and axially spaced from each other and from the respective sidewall from which the associated drum extends.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the manufacture of refractory articles of a partially crystalline nature, i.e., materials having a substantial crystal content within a glassy matrix, but wherein the crystal phase normally comprises less than about 50% by volume of the materials. The bodies are produced through the heat treatment of glass articles having compositions within the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 --TiO.sub.2 --Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 and/or Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 system at elevated temperatures, but not in excess of about 1150.degree. C., to cause the in situ growth of crystals. The materials, containing aluminum niobate, aluminum tantalate, or an aluminum niobate-tantalate solid solution as the predominant crystal phase, exhibit a high degree of transparency to visible light, and retain that transparency even after very extended exposures to temperatures up to in excess of 1000.degree. C. That capability has recommended their utility as arc-tubes or as envelopes for high temperature lamps.