Abstract: A simple inspection device is constituted for inspection of an analyzer for measuring ionic activity by using an ionic activity measuring device provided with at least one ion selective electrode pair for generating an electrical potential corresponding to ionic activity of a predetermined ion, and a porous bridge for associating the electrodes of the ion selective electrode pair with each other, and by contacting potential difference measuring probes respectively with the electrodes of the ion selective electrode pair, to thereby measure a difference in potential between the electrodes. The simple inspection device employs a supporting member having outer dimensions approximately equal to the outer dimensions of the ionic activity measuring device, and an electrically conductive member supported on the supporting member for short-circuiting across the potential difference measuring probes when the potential difference measuring probes are contacted with the electrically conductive member.

Abstract: A probe for measuring the concentration of an impurity in molten iron is disclosed. The probe comprises three sensors. The first sensor measures the activity of the impurity element directly. The second sensor measures the activity of free oxygen. The third sensor measures carbon content. These values are used are used to give a compensated measure of the impurity element.

Abstract: A chromium plating bath which consists essentially of chromic acid and 40-100 g/l of sulfoacetic acid, and which is substantially free of carboxylic acid, fluoride, iodide, bromide and selenium ions, is described herein.

Abstract: An electroplating bath for the formation of a tin-cobalt, tin-nickel, or tin-lead binary alloy coating is produced by mixing (a) as alloy coating-forming agent a tin salt and one member selected from the group consisting of a cobalt salt, a nickel salt, and a lead salt, (b) 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphoric acid and/or a salt thereof, (c) methanesulfonic acid and/or an alkali salt thereof, and (d) an electroconductive salt. A coating formed by electroplating using the bath is stable and excellent in gloss.

Abstract: A process is provided for detecting trace amounts of a plateable metal in an aqueous fluid such as drinking water or industrial effluents. The process comprises an initial concentration step in an electrochemical plating cell whereby the metal in the fluid is deposited upon a glassy carbon plating electrode which is thereafter deplated in a second electrochemical cell wherein a porous solid test matrix impregnated with electrolyte is maintained proximate to the deplating electrode for retaining in solution the resulting metal ions formed from the deplated metal. A color indicator is then added to the test matrix to provide an indication of the presence of said metal.

Abstract: A protected, lipid membrane-based device useful as a chemoreceptive transducer is provided. The device includes a porous, membrane-protective layer attached to an underlying, lipid membrane. Also provided is a process for using the protected device to determine the concentration of a specified chemical species.There is additionally provided a lipid membrane-based gas sensor. The sensor includes a gas-permeable, hydrated upper layer attached to an underlying lipid membrane. Furthermore, the invention includes a process for using the gas sensor to determine the concentration of an inorganic ion formed from an inorganic ion-forming gas.

Abstract: An electrochemical device for detecting a measurement fluid, which includes a planar solid electrolyte body, a first electrode formed on the planar solid electrolyte body and substantially exposed to the measurement fluid, a second electrode formed on the planar solid electrolyte body and substantially isolated from the measurement fluid, a porous layer disposed in direct contact with the second electrode, and a device for applying an electric current so as to flow from the second electrode to the first electrode. The device may further include a third electrode, and a fourth electrode substantially directly exposed to the measurement fluid. In this case, the first and third electrodes are exposed to the measurement fluid through a thin flat space or porous layer having a predetermined diffusion resistance to the measurement fluid, and a current regulating device is connected between the third and fourth electrodes, for controlling an atmosphere adjacent to the first electrode.

Abstract: An oxgen sensor for detecting a measurement gas such as exhaust gases existing in an external space, which has a sensing element having a gas-diffusion space which communicates with the external space. The gas-diffusion space has a predetermined resistance to diffusion of the measurement gas therethrough, and includes a first portion to which the measurement gas diffuses along a first diffusion path, and a second portion to which the measurement gas diffuses through the first portion along a second diffusion path which has a larger length than the first diffusion path.

Abstract: A readily manufacturable heated solid electrolyte oxygen sensor. A heater subassembly readily adaptable to unheated oxygen sensor technology, provides the means for positioning and rigidly securing the heater element within the oxygen sensing device, while also providing the means for electrically coupling the galvanic output signal to the external combustion control system.

Abstract: Novel Polyalkylenglycol naphthyl-3-sulfopropyl diethers and salts thereof of the formula ##STR1## (R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 =H, C.sub.p H.sub.2p--1 ; p=l--4, A=(PO).sub.m --(EO).sub.n --, (EO).sub.n --(PO).sub.m,--(EO).sub.n EO=ethylenoxide residue, PO=propylenoxide residue, m=0-15, n-1-40, A=H, alkali metal, earth alkali metal, NR.sub.5 R.sub.6 R.sub.7 R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.5 -R.sub.8 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 --alkyl, aryl, aralkyl) are prepared by reacting the corresponding polyalkylene glycol naphthyl either with propane-1.3-sultone. The compounds are surfactants in particular in electroplating baths for precipitation Zn, Sn, Cu, Ag, Ni and alloys thereof.

Abstract: A fast response diffusion-type sensor cell for the detection of carbon monoxide and other oxidizable or reducible gases comprising a three-electrode hydrated proton-conducting membrane cell configuration, with all electrodes in intimate contact with the same proton-conducting membrane is described. The liquid electrolyte-free system has a porous gas-diffusion sensing electrode and a counter electrode located on the same side of and in intimate contact with the proton-conducting membrane. The reference electrode is spatially located on the same or opposite side of the membrane as are the sensing and counter electrodes.

Abstract: A portable instrument for use in the field in detecting, identifying, quantifying, and monitoring gas, liquid or solid materials is disclosed. The instrument may analyze either liquids or gases depending upon the type of sensor array therein. The instrument also includes means for changing a gas, liquid or solid to a fluid material. The instrument further includes an array or small sensors which, upon exposure to the unknown material, form a pattern of electrical responses, a source of previously formed response patterns characteristic of various materials, and microprocessor means for comparing the sensor-formed response pattern with one or more previously-formed response patterns to thereby identify the material on a display. The number of responses may be increased by changing the operating voltage, temperature or other condition associated with one or more sensors to provide a plurality of responses from each of one or more of the sensors.

Abstract: A junction-type metal/metal oxide solid state indicator electrode wherein the sensing portion of the electrode is coated with a perfluorocarbon copolymer, and a pH sensor made of the indicator electrode and a reference electrode.

Abstract: A combination pH and CO.sub.2 sensor employs separate sensors. Each sensor has a wire with an electrochemically active layer, an electrolyte layer and a membrane between the electrolyte layer and the fluid to be tested. Each electrolyte layer is constructed of a dried residue which can be easily stored and which must be rehydrated prior to the first use. The electrolyte layer in the pH sensor when hydrated forms an aqueous solution buffered against changes in pH due to changes in the dissolved CO.sub.2 concentration and is preferably formed of 2-(n-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid, 2-(n-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid - sodium salt and potassium chloride. The electrolyte layer in the CO.sub.2 sensor when hydrated forms an aqueous solution having bicarbonate ions and is preferably formed of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. The electrical potential at the pH sensor is proportional to the pH of the fluid. The electrical potential difference between the CO.sub.

Abstract: A flat shaped composite electrode includes a flat substrate having a high electrical insulating property. A flat inside pair of electrodes and a flat outside pair of electrodes are fixed on the substrate. A flat support layer having a high electrical insulating property overlays the electrodes and substrate. The support layer describes two holes into which a gelatinized internal solution is placed. An ion response glass membrane is mounted on the support layer and over one hole, while a liquid junction membrane is similarly mounted over the other hole.

Abstract: A double and triple barrel electrode for the simultaneous measurement of pH and P.sub.CO2 ; and pH, P.sub.CO2 and P.sub.02 employing a membrane in conjunction with a pH fluid and fluids responsive to CO.sub.2 and O.sub.2. The responsive fluids exhibit a pH change upon a change in the concentration of the particular analyte in the responsive fluid. The liquid membrane is selectively permeable to H.sup.+ ion, and permeable to CO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 gas.

Abstract: Partition membranes which are permeable to blood electrolytes fabricated from crosslinked polyetherurethane compositions having from 20 to 50% hard segments. The membranes absorb from 50 to 120% of their dry weight of water and have electrolyte diffusion constants of up to 1.times.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /sec. The membranes are included in electrochemical, fiber optic and solid state blood electrolyte sensors to provide blood compatible surfaces and to ensure that blood components deleterious to analysis of electrolyte in the blood remain separated from the sensing elements.

Abstract: An ion-sensitive FET sensor has a MOSFET gate isolating membrane whose surface is covered by an ion-sensitive layer. A redox layer having a redox function is provided between the isolating membrane and the ion-sensitive layer to improve operating stability and speed of response. An electrically conductive layer or a combination of a thin metal film and an electrically conductive layer is provided between the isolating membrane and the redox layer to further improve operating stability, the adhesion of the layers and the durability of the sensor. Also disclosed are optimum materials for use as an ion carrier employed in the ion-sensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including an electrochemical cell having a first solid electrolyte, and at least one pair of electrodes formed on the first soild electrolyte, and a heating portion having a second solid electrolyte, a first elctrically insulating ceramic layer formed on the second solid electrolyte, and a heater electrically insulated from the second solid electrolyte by the first insulating layer. The device further includes a second electrically insulating ceramic layer interposed between the first and second solid electrolytes, so as to electrically insulate these solid electrolytes from each other, and a protective electrode formed in contact with the second solid electrolyte of heating portion. The protective electrode is electrically connected to at least one of the of electrodes of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: An ion selective microelectrode in which the reference solution is an aqueous solution of formamide (or methyl formamide) and in which the ionophore-containing membrane covering the reference solution is PVC dissolved in water-insoluble 3-methylcyclohexanone (or equivalent substituted cyclic ketone). The reference solution may be gelled with PVA and preferably is buttressed to assure against incursion of membrane components.