Abstract: Transferring a solute from a first to a second liquid solvent, utilizing a membrane selectively permeable by a gas and impermeable by the liquids, which method includes the steps of: flowing the first liquid along said membrane, evaporating the first liquid across the membrane to dryness, said evaporation leaving a residue of the former solute on the membrane, and flowing the second liquid along the membrane for dissolving the residue.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a single crystal silicon rod by the pulling method which is characterized in that the intracrystal temperature of the growing single crystal silicon rod is reduced from 900.degree. to 500.degree. C. in less than 4 hours.

Abstract: A rotary head is provided with supply chambers near the center of rotation ommunicating with slot-like channels extending radially to a surrounding annular space. Substrates are set into holders, such as dovetail guides in the channel walls to expose surfaces to the liquid that flows by through the channels from the supply chambers when the head is set into rotation. The used liquid, after it reaches the annular space, flows down into a catch basin at the bottom of a surrounding casing, which casing also has an opening at the top for loading the supply chambers.

Abstract: A pulling head for a Czochralski type crystal growing furnance includes a ball linked chain for suspending the growing crystal ingot, a sprocket for engaging such chain to pull the ingot from a melt, motor means for driving the sprocket and a chain storage means to receive untensioned chain discharged from the sprocket.

Abstract: Acetic acid has been prepared by a fermentation process using Clostridium thermoaceticum in a varied form obtained by repeated fermentations under anaerobic conditions and low redox potentials at successively more acidic pH's than the original organism.

Abstract: In a process for growth of a layer of semiconductor material by precipitation from a solution of the semiconductor material in a solvent by liquid phase epitaxial growth (LPE), the improvement is the step of adding from approximately 0.01% to 1.0% by weight of a material which forms a stable oxide or sulfide and is soluble in the solvent to the solution prior to the step of precipitating the semiconductor layer to eliminate the deleterious effects of residual oxygen. A relatively short annealing time is required to dissolve the addition in the solvent and allow the addition to react with dissolved oxygen or other impurities before a conventional LPE growth process may be initiated, although high temperature anneals of varying length may precede or follow the addition of the oxide-forming or sulfide-forming material. Zirconium, titanium, vanadium, scandium, yttrium, and aluminum are in general suitable for use as the oxide-forming material.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for crystallizing amorphous or polycrystalline material is disclosed. In this invention, a material which is to be crystallized is formed on a substrate and single crystalline seed material is disposed adjacent and in contact with at least a portion of the material which is to be crystallized. A layer of material which serves as a "wetting agent" is then formed over the material to be crystallized. The structure thus formed is subjected to a heat treatment which melts the material being crystallized and when the material solidifies its crystalline structure is substantially epitaxial based on the seed material. The "wetting agent" layer serves to prevent deleterious balling up of the material during crystallization.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for drawing a monocrystal from a crucible by means of a coilable pulling element having the end that is located above the crucible secured a crystal-nucleus holder. The pulling element, which is preferably a steel cable, is connected to a lifting drive which is arranged on a platform which is rotatable about the pulling element. The lifting drive comprises a driven horizontal shaft with a longitudinally displaceable coiling drum thereon, onto which drum the pulling element can be tangentially coiled. The vertical speeds of the crystal-nucleus holder can be adjusted to speeds which differ greatly from each other by providing the lifting drive with a drive motor for rapid operation and a drive motor for flow operation, which motors act on the coiling drum by way of shafts which can be disconnected from each other by means of a clutch but which are disposed coaxially.

Abstract: Competitive current generation by the exploitation of solar energy requires cheap solar cells. A process is described which makes it possible to manufacture from silicon a base material for solar cells of this type in an economical manner and in large quantities. This is achieved by bringing silicon from a supply container into contact with a non-elemental lubricating melt, which is immiscible with silicon but will not wet silicon and has a melting point below that of silicon, and by drawing off a silicon film, sliding on this lubricating melt, and solidifying the silicon continuously by cooling to below its' melting point.

Abstract: A dried cereal based pet food composed of farinaceous and proteinaceous materials encapsulated within a glazed coating composed of liver and farinaceous material, the combination of which has a synergistic effect that excites the taste buds of the pet more than either of the highly palatable ingredients taken separately. In a preferred form, the matrix of farinaceous and proteinaceous material is formed to provide a core of desired shape and baked to less than 18% moisture by weight. While the shaped matrix is extremely hot, i.e., having an internal temperature in excess of 200.degree. F., it is immersed in a meaty coating of farinaceous material and liver having a lower temperature. A portion of the coating material is thereafter trapped within the core by a second baking that forms a hard crust of glazed, dried meaty substance on the exterior to encapsulate the matrix.

Abstract: (2,2-Dimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-yl)-methylsulfonic acid and the ammonium, alkali metal, alkali earth metal and zinc salts thereof are disclosed. The new compound and its salts are superior antioxidants useful to stabilize animal feedstuffs containing biologically active substances which are sensitive to oxidation.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus for growing a ribbon of crystalline material which apparatus comprises a furnace adapted to contain a melt from which the ribbon is to be grown and crystal pulling means spaced from the furnace and including crystal seed holding means and sliding means moving said crystal seed holding means toward and away from the furnace. Extending between the furnace and the crystal seed pulling means are inner and outer bellows means spaced apart from each other to define a space therebetween. This space may be purged with an inert gas when pulling crystal.

Abstract: A method of pyrolyzing and desulfurizing coal in a transport reactor to recover volatile fuel values and hydrogen by heating particulate coal entrained in a carrier gas substantially free of oxygen to a pyrolysis temperature in a zone within three seconds.

Abstract: An apparatus for crystallization which utilizes a treating device for the formation of a crystal slurry having a prismatic drum at the inlet end of the device and a zigzag body eccentrically connected to the wide end of the drum and formed by ducts which have their axes intersecting the axis of the drum, the final duct section terminating at a ring which is coaxial with the drum. The duct walls are planar as well. The entire system is closed and includes a filter having a prismatic drum and duct arrangement but with walls which are perforated.

Abstract: Animal feedstuffs in pressed form compressed at a pressure less than 700 atmospheres to a bulk density of about 0.3 to about 1.3 g/ml and having a water content from about 8% to about 14% by weight are provided which are based on at least one comminuted, solid, structured, fibrous, agricultural by-product having a preponderance of its fibers of a minimum length of about 1 cm the agricultural by-product having a length of about 10 to about 160 mm, together with at least one digestible, non-structured industrial, non-textured by-product and/or residue with nutrient value. The structured agricultural product in the feedstuff in the pressure form still retains its structured integrity thereby to provide chewability and bite to the feedstuff. The feedstuff preferably is in the form of pellets having a size defined as follows: the diameter of the pellets is between about 14 mm and about 32 mm, the length of the pellets is between about 15 and about 50 mm; and the density of the pellets is between about 0.

Abstract: Newly isolated microbes of the genera Arthrobacter-Corynebacterium-Nocardia as represented by Corynebacteria Salvinicum strain SFC, produce substantial quantities of materials having outstanding surfactant properties, when grown on carbon supplying substrates under fermentation conditions.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing riboflavin from D-glucose in good yield and under efficient conditions.

Abstract: A protective garment segment is provided which is made of flexible, water-resistant plastic material which is skin compatible, the protective garment segment defining an elongated hollow cavity adapted to surround a body member inserted theren; the garment segment comprises a closed end and a limb-receiving sleeve end through which a body member can be inserted; the sleeve end is provided with sealing means so that a water tight garment to body seal can be effected; the garment is provided with means for introducing liquid flow into the interior of the garment so that the limb inserted therein can be bathed and treated with said liquid; means are provided for distributing the liquid through tubes extending throughout the interior of the jacket. Means are also provided to allow the joining of garment segments, with the ultimate capability of joining limb segments to a torso segment resulting in a plastic suit, covering the entire body from the neck down.

Abstract: An asymmetrical shaped capillary die made exclusively of graphite is used to grow silicon ribbon which is capable of being made into solar cells that are more efficient than cells produced from ribbon made using a symmetrically shaped die.

Abstract: Improvement in apparatus for growing crystalline materials by seed pulling from a melt whereby crystalline product produced is substantially free of voids and/or inclusions which were previously caused by the continuous feeding operation. Source material is fed through a bed of particulate refractory material whereby entrained gases in the melting feed material are eliminated thereby resulting in a crystalline product which is substantially free of voids and inclusions. The apparatus improvement comprises providing an inner container for solid particulate material within a crucible and spaced therefrom which container has one or more openings at the bottom thereof to permit exiting of liquid therethrough to the crucible. Such apparatus is particularly adapted to effectuate the process improvement of the invention.