Abstract: Disclosed in this invention is a process for producing a long-chain dicarboxylic acid by culturing a fungus belonging to Candida tropicalis which has the ability to produce a long-chain dicarboxylic acid in a liquid medium containing a straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon as substrate, the production of said dicarboxylic acid being phenomenally increased by properly adjusting the pH of the medium in the course of culture. There is also disclosed a method for advantageously separating and collecting said dicarboxylic acid from a fermentation broth containing said dicarboxylic acid produced by said culture.

Abstract: A vapor generating and recovering apparatus for vaporizing a liquid and condensing a vapor, the apparatus including a container having a liquid therein with a heating and cooling system in heat transfer relation with the liquid and vapor in the container. The heating and cooling system includes means to vaporize the liquid and means to condense the vaporized liquid disposed within the container. The apparatus further includes means to remove liquid from the container and return same to the container in the form of a liquid spray at boiling or higher temperatures.

Abstract: Indican, a polysaccharide comprising (1.fwdarw.3) glucose, (1.fwdarw.4) mannose, (1.fwdarw.4) rhamnose and (1.fwdarw.3 or 4) -0-(1-carboxyethyl)-rhamnose units in a molar ratio of about 2:1:1-2:1 respectively; containing 12-15% by weight acetyl units; [.alpha.]D.sup.20 about -61.degree.; having principle absorption bands in the infra red band at 3390, 1735, 1615, 1375, 1250 and 1050 cm.sup.-1 ; a solubility of at least 1% by weight in methanol and in ethylene glycol, and an inherent viscosity of about 33.5 dl/g. has useful thixotropic properties and provides a method of modifying the viscosity of a liquid by incorporating indican therein. The liquid may be aqueous or organic solvent-based. Thickened and stabilized products and a method of preparing indican by culture of an indican-producing microorganism are also provided.

Abstract: Animal feeds for herbivorous animals from the group consisting of cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and fowl are provided containing the feed ingredients normally eaten by such animals and sodium diacetate intimately mixed therewith in sufficient amount to serve as an attractant and to enhance the taste thresholds of said feeds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preferred baffle system for a staged turbulent bed retort. The system preferably comprises a plurality of at least 4 vertically spaced, horizontally disposed perforated baffles, each of said baffles having an open area in the range of 30-70% of the baffle cross-sectional area.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided on a contaminated water source that readily effects chemical purification of the water by providing an automatic means of manufacturing a stock solution of chemicals, storing the stock solution, and then injecting the solution into the line. The injector is set to operate at peak efficiency, and accuracy is obtained by controlling the strength of the stock solution. A relatively small amount of water is chemically treated and then is mixed with a large quantity of contaminated water.

Abstract: A process for the continuous crystallization of at least one crystallizable material from a solution wherein a series of crystallization stages are utilized, with partial crystallization taking place in each stage. The process includes the classification of partially crystallized suspension between each stage, and the suspension from the final stage is passed to a separator wherein it is separated into a concentrated suspension containing crystals and a spent liquor, the concentrated suspension being returned to the final stage and the spent liquor being discharged. Product crystals are taken from the first stage of the series.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for making confections of substantially uniform size are disclosed. A gob of flowable confectionary substance is deposited onto a surface and then submitted to pressure so as to make it spread into contact with an inner circumferential surface of a surrounding annular mold. The mold is then chilled so as to chill the gob and make it solidify and the resulting confectionary body is removed from the mold.

Abstract: A plasma method and apparatus produce oxide particles having average diameters determined by adjustment of process conditions. Feed material is fed into a dual chamber reaction zone in which a plasma environment is established to cause the feed material to be vaporized. Subsequently, effluent containing the vaporized feed from the reaction zone is passed into a quenching zone where it is subjected to a quenching medium, the volume, velocity and direction of which are adjustable to determine output particle size characteristics. Feed material may be an oxide per se or one which forms an oxide in situ through reduction and/or oxidation.

Abstract: A steam stripping process particularly useful for separating the volatile components of immiscible materials. In the disclosed embodiment of the invention peel oil emulsion, e.g., from a citrus juice extractor, is heated under pressure by the injection of steam while the emulsion is flowing. The major portion of the pressure on the flowing emulsion is then dropped through a back pressure valve, and the resultant vapor-liquid mixture is passed through a long turbulent passage under a slowly decreasing pressure where thorough mixing is provided and d-limonene, the volatile component of the peel oil emulsion, is stripped from the emulsion by the ad-mixed steam. The mixture is discharged at atmospheric pressure into a vapor collecting tank where the spent liquor is separated and drained off. The collected vapors are passed to a condenser, and the condensate therefrom is directed to a decant tank where the di-limonene is decanted off.

Abstract: A process for producing a gasified solid product comprising an undissolved gas in a matrix of solid material comprising a fusible sugar. In the process, an aqueous solution of fusible sugar is continuously fed to an evaporator. The solution is continuously heated while it is flowed through the evaporator to drive off water and produce a concentrated fused sugar composition whose moisture content is low enough so that, at room temperature, the composition will congeal to a glass having a viscosity high enough to contain pressurized gas bubbles therein. The concentrated fused sugar composition is continuously discharged from the evaporator and a gas at a pressure of at least about 400 psig is introduced into a stream of the concentrated fused sugar composition.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of "no-cook" dehydrated ice which can be rehydrated and rendered palatable in a few minutes by the addition of boiling water thereto. The process comprises soaking parboiled rice, cooking it, drying it to a moisture content of 2-20% by weight, and puffing the rice at a temperature in the range 150.degree.-350.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment, the parboiled rice is soaked to a moisture content of about 50%, washed, drained, allowed to stand for at least 1/2 hour, cooked in dry steam, washed, cooled, dried to a moisture content around 10%, allowed to stand for at least 1/2 hour, and puffed in a stream of hot air for 13-20 seconds at 240.degree.-270.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of changing the salt content of a solution is described by including the salt in a nonconvective solar pond heated by solar radiation and having stable salt-concentration and temperature gradients increasing from the top to the bottom of the pond, the bottom layer of the pond being a substantially saturated solution at a predetermined temperature. A feed solution containing the salt is introduced directly into the bottom layer and is circulated through the bottom layer. The predetermined temperature of the bottom layer is different from the initial temperature of the feed solution when introduced into the pond bottom layer and is selected to effect a change in solubility, and thereby a change in the salt content, of the feed solution by causing salt in the feed solution to be precipitated therefrom, or additional salt to be dissolved therein.

Abstract: A method for producing mildiomycin in a commercial quantity and at low cost by cultivating a mildiomycin-producing microorganism belonging to Actinomycetes in a culture medium containing an N-methyl compound in an amount of at least 3 mM to have mildiomycin elaborated and accumulated in the culture broth.

Abstract: An array of oriented artificial relief features or point defects embraced by parallel planes on a substrate surface influence the orientation of solid films during the course of their growth on the substrate surface. There may be multiple sets embraced in generally parallel planes at an angle to each other that is an integral multiple of 30.degree..

Abstract: A rehydratable dry animal food is prepared by preparing a mix of comminuted, heat-treated meaty materials, fat and pregelatinized starch carbohydrate binder, forming the mix into pieces and drying the pieces to form permeable solid pieces which rehydrate to a paste-like material of heterogeneous texture. The mix preferably contains bone fragments, which can be softened by autoclaving and which lend a desirable flaky texture to the rehydrated product. The pregelatinized starch carbohydrate binder may be pregelatinized potato powder or cereal products in which the starch content is in pregelatinized form or other starch containing products in which the starch component has been pregelatinized. Typical mixes contain 70-80% meaty materials, 10% fat and 10-20% of said binder. The pieces may be extruded under low pressure or extrusion-expanded to give an open texture.

Abstract: A process for the continuous crystallization of at least one crystallizable material from a solution wherein a series of crystallization stages are utilized, with partial crystallization taking place in each stage. The process includes the classification of partially crystallized suspension between each stage, and the suspension from the final stage is passed to a separator wherein it is separated into a concentrated suspension containing crystals and a spent liquor, the concentrated suspension being returned to the final stage and the spent liquor being discharged. Product crystals are taken from the first stage of the series.

Abstract: Biologically active hollow fungal mycelial pellets are prepared by media manipulation. Initially fungal spores are innoculated under conditions limiting growth to formation of tiny cell aggregates of less than about 2 mm. Thereafter, the aggregates are subjected to conditions supportive of vigorous vegetative growth and agitation to produce hollow pellets having a porous spherical webbed mycelial layer and hollow core.

Abstract: A crystal growing apparatus primarily for use by hobbyists and for classroom instruction comprises a container for holding a solute and aqueous solvent, a heat source in the form of a light bulb placed at the base of said container and spaced from the center thereof, a motor placed at the top of the container and having an associated rotating shaft, a filament for holding the crystal in the aqueous solvent-solute mixture, a fastening means for holding said filament coaxial with the motor shaft and enabling the filament to be vertically adjusted with respect to the aqueous mixture and a thermostat connected with the motor and light bulb to accurately control evaporation of the solvent and movement of the solute back and forth from the dissolved-to-crystal-line state by means of the thermal current set up by the off-centered heat source and intermittent operation of the heat source and motor.

Abstract: A milk, water, and honey composition, a water and honey composition, a process for preparing the former, and an apparatus for performing said process.A square in configuration, flexible blank of sheet material is inserted into the cavity of a flower-trumpet shaped mold and made to conform to the shape of the internal walls of the mold. The former composition is poured into the mold, a handle means is inserted into the composition, and the composition is frozen. The product is removed from the mold, and the blank of sheet material is unwrapped therefrom and used to collect melting portions of the product, if the same should commence melting prior to consumption thereof.