Abstract: Boric acid is recovered from a water phase separated after hydrolyzing the reaction mixture obtained by oxidizing cyclohexane in the presence of a catalyst of boric acid. The method comprises(a) a concentration-crystallization step of concentrating the water phase by heating it and crystallizing boric acid;(b) a concentrating step of separating crystals of boric acid from the slurry obtained by the step (a) and then controlling the water content of the mother liquor to 20 to 50 wt. %;(c) a cooling-crystallization step of cooling the concentrated solution obtained by the step (b) under a reduced pressure to crystallize boric acid; and(d) a boric acid recycling step of separating crystals of boric acid separated from the slurry obtained by the step (c) and then, recycling the boric acid to the step (a).

Abstract: A forced circulation evaporator and method of use is disclosed that make use of a rotating impeller to both circulate liquid past the heating surface of the evaporator and to effect separation of liquid from vapor. A plurality of passage tubes acts as a generator of a liquid-vapor mixture. The impeller provides centrifugal force vectors to propel the liquid entity against the side wall of the separation zone to thereby leave the vapor to egress from the separation zone at a point near the axis of said impeller. Thus, the centrifugal force acts upon the varying densities of liquid versus vapor to cause separation more rapidly than under the mere influence of gravity.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for short term and long term intravenous therapy including hyperalimentation are disclosed. The proximal end of a flexible catheter having a one way valve adjacent its proximal end is inserted through the skin of a patient and into a vein having a suitably large flow of blood therethrough. The distal end of the catheter has a threaded male coupler for connecting it to a flow reducing adaptor and then to a source of intravenous solution. The solution flows by gravity through the catheter and into the vein. A passer which can be connected to the male coupler is provided for subcutaneously threading the catheter during long term catheter placement.

Abstract: A medical device for insertion into a body passage, such as endotracheal tube, including a system for the delivery of a topically active agent, such as an anesthetic or antibiotic. In a preferred embodiment, a conventional cuffed endotracheal tube is provided with an annular chamber circumferentially extending around the insertion tube in association with the wall thereof between the cuff and the rearward or external end of the insertion tube. Spaced openings are provided in the outer walls of the annular chamber. A lumen for the introduction of the topical agent is provided in association with the insertion wall tube having a forward end in fluid communication with the interior of the annular chamber and a rearward end externally opening and located proximate to the rearward end of the insertion tube. The openings in the wall of the annular chamber may include atomizing means for delivering the topical agent as a spray. A method for using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A steam stripping process particularly useful for separating the volatile components of immiscible materials. In the disclosed embodiment of the invention peel oil emulsion, e.g., from a citrus juice extractor, is heated under pressure by the injection of steam while the emulsion is flowing. The major portion of the pressure on the flowing emulsion is then dropped through a back pressure valve, and the resultant vapor-liquid mixture is passed through a long turbulent passage under a slowly decreasing pressure where thorough mixing is provided and d-limonene, the volatile component of the peel oil emulsion, is stripped from the emulsion by the ad-mixed steam. The mixture is discharged at atmospheric pressure into a vapor collecting tank where the spent liquor is separated and drained off. The collected vapors are passed to a condenser, and the condensate therefrom is directed to a decant tank where the d-limonene is decanted off.

Abstract: A device for automatically reducing excess play in moving parts of brakes comprises a stem moved axially from a rest position to an operative position.The stem can be threaded into a coupling lever such as to accommodate the drift of the rest position, to this end the stem being furthermore provided with a projecting arm imparting thereto a play compensating torque by engagement against an end-of-travel detent.

Abstract: Cultures of Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris can be grown by aerobic submerged fermentation in modified Pridham-Gottlieb medium at about pH 4-7 on a vermiculite carrier.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reforming an improved strip (12) of material from a starting strip (16) of material. An electromagnetic device (18) maintains a floating molten zone (20) of the material in the starting strip (16) of the material and also forms the floating zone into the improved strip (12). The apparatus is provided with a susceptor device (80) arranged adjacent to the starting strip and operatively associated with the electromagnetic device (18) for initially heating the starting strip to be sufficiently conductive so that the starting strip can be directly heated by the electromagnetic device. Further, a control device (67) provides relative movement between the susceptor device (80) and the electromagnetic device by positioning the susceptor device in and out of the field of the electromagnetic device.

Abstract: Water soluble .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acids are continuously converted in a membrane reactor into the corresponding .alpha.-hydrocarboxylic acids. The conversion takes place in the presence of a substrate specific dehydrogenase and of a nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD.sup.+ /NADH) enlarged in molecular weight through linkage to a water soluble polymer as coenzyme. Simultaneously NADH is regenerated continuously from NAD.sup.+ in presence of a formate dehydrogenase and from formate ion. The membrane must have a mean pore diameter of 1 to 3 nm. As coenzyme there is employed 0.1 to 10 mmol/l of NAD.sup.+ /NADH present bound to a water soluble polymer having an average molecular weight between 500 and 50,000. There is continuously supplied to the reactor a substrate stream which contains 50 to 100% of the maximum amount soluble, but not over 2,000 mmol/l, of the reacting .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acid in the form of a water soluble salt and 100 to 6,000 mmol/l of a formate.

Abstract: A method for the controlled melting of an end of a polycrystalline semiconductor body. The polycrystalline body is divided into two or more segments and the segments are positioned in a spaced apart relationship so as to be electrically isolated from each other by narrow gaps. One end of the segments is heated by an external heating means such as by induction heating to cause a portion of the end of the segments to melt. Some of the molten material so formed then flows into the gap separating the segments and electrically shorts together the segments. The opposite ends of the segments are connected to an electrical power supply and a heating current is passed through the segments and through the molten material bridging the gaps. Separately adjusting the heating effects of the external heating means and the heating current makes possible the controlled heating and controlled melting of the end portions of the segments.

Abstract: Apparatus are described for continuously leaching ore, including the continuous addition of crushed ore to the top of a cylindrical columnar container. The ore passes downwardly through the container and is removed from the bottom of the container through a centrally disposed conduit by airlifting. A plurality of grids are spaced along the column and deflect, accelerate and turbulate the ore as it passes each of the grids. A washing liquid such as water is fed to the bottom of the column to displace leaching solutions from the ore prior to its removal from the column. Leaching reagents are continuously added through channels provided in the grids while the pregnant solution formed by the reaction of the leaching solutions to the ore is monitored through sampling intakes mounted on the grids. A deflection cone is positioned near the bottom of the column to cause the descent of the crushed ore in the column to be uniform across the width of the column.

Abstract: A method for producing monocrystal on insulator is disclosed. Initially, an epitaxial layer is created on the single crystal substrate. This epitaxial layer may be formed by direct deposition of the monocrystal layer, or through epitaxial monocrystal growth induced after a polycrystal or amorphous layer has been deposited upon the substrate. By appropriately scanning a laser or other focused energy source beginning at some point within the epitaxial layer, and moving into the polycrystalline or amorphous layer over the insulator region, the polycrystalline or amorphous layer will melt, then upon resolidifying it will be monocrystal in structure due to its monocrystal neighbor, the epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing of wine or other tartaric acid containing beverages. Separation of dissolved wine lees (tartar and/or calcium tartrate) from the beverage is effected by passing the beverage through a deposit or settling layer containing tartar crystals and/or calcium crystals. The disclosure for carrying out the method includes a heat exchanger, a cooler, a dosing container, a stabilizing unit, and a sheet filter. The stabilizing unit has several filter elements arranged one above the other and spaced with respect to each other.

Abstract: Si-crystals with columnar structures are produced by casting a silicon melt through a gap provided in a crucible onto a melt-resistant carrier body having periodically spaced crystallization-seed centers on a surface thereof facing the melt, and allowing the so-cast molten silicon to cool so that crystallization of the melt onto the seed centers occurs. In a preferred embodiment, an elongated traveling band-shaped substrate having a select hole pattern therein functioning as the seed centers, is utilized as the carrier body.

Abstract: A liquid infusion catheter assembly comprises a hub and a first hollow catheter connected at its proximal end, and being in fluid communication with, the hub. This catheter has at least one fluid outlet opening. A second hollow catheter, extending from, but being out of fluid communication with, the hub surrounds the first catheter with a space therebetween. This second catheter extends distally farther than the first catheter and has at least one hole through its surface where it surrounds the first catheter, and has a fluid outlet opening in the portion extending beyond the first catheter.

Abstract: An impermeable cooled closing plug adapted for closing the end of a semiconductor manufacture processing tube is made of a material selected from the group consisting of quartz, silicon and silicon carbide, which materials have low heat conductivity and high chemical stability. The cooling effects of a cooling liquid supplied to the entrance flange of a processing tube are isolated from the tube closing plug by virtue of the low heat conductivity, thus preventing unwanted condensation effects at the entrance of the tube.

Abstract: A system for separating glass particles from a mixture containing magnetic materials and glass, which system comprises a completely enclosed apparatus which protects against pollution by harmful silica dust and avoids excessive abrasion of conveying mechanism by utilization of pneumatic impulse feed devices whereby mixed particles are transported from a pressure vessel to one of a series of magnetic roller separators and further including dust separation or air cleaner means whereby substantially only glass and magnetic particles to be separated are introduced into the magnetic separators.

Abstract: An endotracheal device composed of a tube and an adaptor press-fit together. The adaptor includes two flanges, each having a hole passing through it. A long ribbon of cloth passes through the holes in each of the flanges, wraps around the tube itself, and extends around the head of the patient. Tying the ends of the ribbon together secures the endotracheal device in its proper position without the use of adhesive tape. It also assists in retaining the adaptor onto the tube.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor mixed crystal is grown by causing semiconductor-constituent material to travel, in dissolved liquid phase, through a solution having a portion contacting the source material and held at a constant high temperature and another portion wherein growth of the mixed crystal takes place and held at a constant low temperature, while externally applying onto the surface of said solution vapor pressures of the material-constituting separately generated volatile elements. The vapor pressures of such volatile elements applied to the solution are determined by the measurement, as a function, of at least one physical property of the mixed crystal thus produced. Optimum vapor pressures of these elements may be effectively determined by successively growing, under the same conditions, two layers forming a light-emitting diode and by measuring the luminance of this diode.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus comprises a first rotary drum exposed to the atmosphere and means for continuously and conjointly feeding cocoa beans and an alkaline solution into the first drum. Means are provided for heating the contents of the first drum so that (1) the alkaline solution reacts very slowly on the beans and (2) the beans reach the outlet of the first drum in a partially dried condition. The apparatus also includes means for continuously feeding the beans leaving the first drum into a second rotary drum also exposed to the atmosphere and means for providing a stream of hot air in the direction of movement of the beans so as (1) to destroy the microbial fauna and (2) to dry the beans. Means are also provided for recovering the dry beans at the outlet of the second drum.