Abstract: Heavily fluorinated sugar analogs of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 --O-alkyl, --CH.sub.2 --O-aryl, --CH.sub.2 OPO.sub.3 H, --CH.sub.2 --O-carbohydrate, --CH.sub.2 --NH-peptide, or --CH.sub.2 --O-peptide;wherein R.sub.2 is selected from hydroxy, --O-carbohydrate, --NH-peptide, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from H, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower haloalkyl, lower haloalkenyl, amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino;wherein R.sub.4 is selected from amino, hydroxy, alkoxy, or halogen; andwherein R.sub.5 is H or amino. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as antiviral and antineoplastic agents and the compounds of formula (II) are useful as plant growth inhibitors and herbicides.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel solid support matrices having a toxin-binding oligosaccharide covalently attached to a solid support through a linking arm which has at least 5 atoms separating the oligosaccharide from the solid support. The disclosed solid support matrices are useful for neutralizing toxins from disease-causing microorganisms.

Abstract: A subject of the invention is the compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which R represents a carboxylic acid remainder containing up to 18 carbon atoms the products of formula (I) can be used to prepare antibiotic products.

Abstract: An animal feed composition is disclosed which comprises triterpenoid saponin obtained from Camellia L. plants and having the properties of improving immune function, enhancing antibacterium and antivirus activities, antimutation, antioxidation and scavenging free radicals in human beings and animals.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by a bacteria selected from the group consisting of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenza, Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia, and a mixture thereof, comprising a binding inhibiting effective amount of the compound of Formula I, ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is H, (.beta.-1)GalNAc-, SO.sub.3 B (where B is H or a cation) or a sialic acid of Formula II; ##STR2## where R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, and R.sub.10 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6 acyl, lactyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, sulfate, phosphate, anhydro, a sialic acid of Formula II, (.alpha.-1)Fuc, (.beta.-1)Glc or (.beta.-1)Gal;R.sub.9 is NH--C.sub.1-6 acyl, glycolylamido, amino or hydroxyl; andA is H or a cation;R.sub.2 is H or (.alpha.-1)Fuc-;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently OH or NHAc;R.sub.5 is H, SO.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing xylitol from a material containing xylose and xylonic acid. According to the method, xylose and xylonic acid are separated from the material containing xylose and xylonic acid, whereafter the separated xylose and xylonic acid are reduced to xylitol, and the xylitol is recovered.

Abstract: Azidohalogenobenzyl derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A is a halogen atom, B is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and X is a group reactive with a hydroxy group, methods of protecting hydroxy group(s) using said derivatives, and sugar compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of at least one hydroxy group is substituted by an azidohalogenobenzyl group. According to the present invention, there are provided novel derivatives capable of introducing a group into a compound having hydroxy group(s), which group is useful as a stable hydroxy-protecting group even in solid phase synthesis for the purpose of the extension of sugar chain under continuous acidic conditions and of being removed under mild conditions; sugar compounds protected by using said derivatives; and methods of protecting hydroxy group(s) using said derivatives.

Abstract: Novel methods are described to synthesize chromatography media. The methods describe a crosslinking procedure utilizing the catalytic effect of MnO(OH).sub.2 in obtaining a very rigid matrix. The mechanism of crosslinking is likely of free-radical type. This is also suggested by the concurrent functionalization steps which are known to be of free-mechanism and are greatly enhanced by MnO(OH).sub.2. The methods are simple and efficient as crosslinking and functionalization of the matrix takes place in the same step. High protein binding capacities are obtained along with an increased efficiency of the matrix. One particularly preferred process according to the present invention comprises: (1) reacting a polymeric carbohydrate matrix with an activating reagent which contains a halogen atom or epoxide and a double bond under alkaline conditions to generate an activated matrix; (2) reacting the activated matrix having double bonds inserted with a reagent or reagents producing MnO(OH).sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel adenosine derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in medicine. Thus the invention provides compounds of formula (I) which are agonists at the adenosine A1 receptor. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents phenyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.a.sub.1 --CONR.sup.a R.sup.b, --COR.sup.a, --SOR.sup.c, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.c, --SO.sub.3 H, --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.a R.sup.b, --OR.sup.a, --NHSO.sub.2 R.sup.c, --NHCOR.sup.a and --NR.sup.a R.sup.b,R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.3-6 alkenyl group; R.sup.3 represents C.sub.1-3 alkyl;R.sup.a and R.sup.b may each independently represent hydrogen or C.sub.1-3 alkyl or, when --NR.sup.a R.sup.b is directly attached to said phenyl, R.sup.a and R.sup.

Abstract: Anti-infective compositions for the treatment of a human in need of therapy for a systemic or topical fungal infection which comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of (2R,4S) itraconazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, substantially free of its (2S,4R) stereoisomer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-soluble vitamin composition which containing about 90 to 99.8% by weight of a water-soluble vitamin, a polymer binder and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar alcohols, dextrin and organic acids, which can provide a tablet having high mechanical strength (hardness) with less compression problem and easy disintegration, upon compression. A process for producing the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for recovering isoflavones and derivatives thereof from soy molasses are disclosed. In a first embodiment, a method is disclosed in which isoflavones are recovered without any significant conversion of isoflavone conjugates to other forms. In a second embodiment, a method is disclosed whereby isoflavone conjugates are converted to glucosides while in the soy material prior to their recovery. In a third embodiment, a method is disclosed in which isoflavones are converted to their aglucone form while in the soy material and prior to their recovery. Also disclosed are various isoflavone enriched products obtained from soy molasses.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to obtain cellulose acetate with improved physical properties, particularly film strength arid improved flexibility of the molded product. Cellulose acetate wherein average degree of acetylation is not less than 59%, viscosity average degree of polymerization (DP) is not less than 290, and concentrated solution viscosity (.eta.) according to the falling ball viscosity method for viscosity average degree of polymerization (DP) is expressed by the following formula (1): 2.814.times.ln(DP)-11.753.ltoreq.ln(.eta.).ltoreq.7.28.times.ln(DP)-37.059 (1) and a process for production thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are aminated acetate fiber comprising acetylcellulose and one or more water-insoluble quaternary starch ether esters, said starch ether esters containing ester groups of formulae --O--CO--CH.sub.3 and/or --O--CO--C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and ether groups of the general formula I--O--CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 --N.sup.+ R.sub.3 A.sup.- (I)whereX is a direct bond or --CH(OH)-- andA.sup.- is an anion or one equivalent of an anion, andR is hydrogen, methyl and/or ethyl,and the degree of substitution of said ether group being within the range from 0.002 to 0.8, the degree of substitution of said ester group being within the range from 0.7 to 2.998 and the overall degree of substitution being within the range from 1.5 to 3, its preparation and its use and also quaternary starch ether esters present therein.

Abstract: A process for preparation of crosslinked cellulosic products containing at least 30 wt. % cellulosic fibers and the polyanhydride crosslinked cellulosic products resulting therefrom wherein a cellulosic material is treated with an aqueous solution of a polycarboxylic acid formed by hydrolysis of a polyanhydride of the structure ##STR1## which comprises the reaction product of trimellitic anhydride and a diol in the mole ratio of from about 2.0:0.9 to about 2.0:1.1, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylene and cycloalkylene moieties of up to 12 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide and propylene oxide moieties of molecular weight up to about 6000, wherein said cellulosic material is impregnated with an aqueous solution of said polyanhydride, dried, and heated to a temperature of from about 120.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for treating and improving diabetes and liver dysfunction, can be obtained by administering at least one selected from a chitin oligosaccharide, a chitosan oligosaccharide and salts thereof, in an effective amount. As the chitin oligosaccharide, preferred is one having the degree of polymerization of from 2 to 7. As the chitosan oligosaccharide, preferred is one having the degree of polymerization of from 2 to 8. As the method for administration, it is preferred to add them to e.g. foods, medicines or feeds, and orally ingest them. However, when used as medicines, administration methods such as intravenous injection and muscular injection, may be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to topical over-the-counter and prescription strength analgesic and antiphlogistic blended compositions which are useful for reducing inflammation and providing relief from both peripheral and central pain as well as to a flexible therapeutic wrap for topical delivery of said blended compositions. More particularly, the invention is a blended composition comprising from about 3% to about 30% by weight of extract of arnica montana in combination with an effective amount of one or more therapeutic or pharmaceutical agents selected from the group consisting of menthol crystal, camphor, oil of mint, eucalyptus oil, guaifenesin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, topical analgesics, or transdermal opioid analgesics blended in either a pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) or a petrolatum base. The particular agents selected and the percent composition of each selected ingredient in a given blend being determined by the needs and sensitivities of the given patient.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel chemical compounds in which a lipophilic moiety such as a lipid, fatty acid, polyethylene glycol or terpene is covalently attached to a non-acylated or desacylated triterpene saponin via a carboxyl group present on the 3-O-glucuronic acid of the triterpene saponin. The attachment of a lipophile moiety to the 3-O-glucuronic acid of a saponin such as Quillaja desacylsaponin, lucyoside P, or saponin from Gypsophila, Saponaria and Acanthophyllum enhances their adjuvant effects on humoral and cell mediated immunity. Additionally, the attachment of a lipophile moiety to the 3-O-glucuronic acid residue of non- or des-acylsaponin yields a saponin analog that is easier to purify, less toxic, chemically more stable, and possesses equal or better adjuvant properties than the original saponin.

Abstract: Disclosed are A N-[(fluoroalkoxy)phenoxyalkyl]benzamide compound represented by the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a hydroxy group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group; A represents an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom; n is an integer of 1 to 6; x is 1 to 4; y is 0 to 6; z is 2 to 9; m is 0 to 2; provided that 2x+1=y+z+m, an intermediate thereof, processes thereof and an agricultural and horticultural chemical for controlling noxious organisms containing the above-mentioned compound as an effective ingredient which is available as a nematocide, an acaricide, a fungicide, etc.

Abstract: Methods for syntheses of polyvalent carbohydrate molecules by glycosylations of partially protected polysaccharides with a single glycosylating agent or a mixture of glycosylating agents (i.e., a combinatorial library) are disclosed. An alternate method utilizes a glycoside, the aglycon of which carries a halogen which can be under strong alkaline conditions linked with a partially protected polysaccharide by an ether linkage. The product of the latter reaction can be subjected to further glycosylation with a single glycosylating agent or a mixture of such agents (=library). The novel resulting polyvalent carbohydrate molecules may be used as antiinfective agents (antibacterial, antiparasital), both for prevention and treatment of diseases, and as agents either for preventing the formation of, or disrupting, biofilms.