Abstract: A method of making an electrochemical sensor is disclosed in which a liquid electrolyte such as sulfuric acid is blended with fumed silica in an amount sufficient to powderize the mixture. The resultant mixture is compacted under pressure between electrodes to form an electrochemical gas sensor.

Abstract: Process for detoxifying liquid and perverulant solid material by the application of ultrasonic energy to the material in the presence of an alkaline agent and preferably in the additional presence of a wetting agent.

Abstract: Bis-(1-bromo-2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl) ether of the formula ##STR1## is produced by reacting bis-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl) ether of the formula ##STR2## with bromine under irradiation with light. The end product as produced may be steam distilled in situ, thereby recovering 2,3,3-trichloroacrolein.

Abstract: A light driven hydrogen oxygen generator in which a hydrogel coating is polymerized over photoreceptors allowing the electrolyte to reach the surface of the photoreceptor and protect the photoreceptor from contamination by impurities which may be present in the electrolyte. The surface of the hydrogel also rejects the accumulation of debris to maintain its permeability.

Abstract: A 14-hydroxy group is introduced into a morphinan structure by singlet oxygen reaction with a novel dienol ester of an N-substituted-3-O-alkylnormorphinone. To carry out the singlet oxygen reaction, the enolate substrate may be contacted with molecular oxygen in the presence of light and a light sensitizing agent or in the presence of a chemical reagent for forming singlet oxygen from molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A manufacture, including a ceramic tube, and a metal liner within the tube and closer to one end of the tube than the other. A method of using such a manufacture wherein material such as subliming material is fed through the tube in the direction from the liner-close end to the liner-distant end.

Abstract: The shell of a cylindrical vessel, horizontally extended, contains three compartments through which emulsions of polar and non-polar liquids are sequentially passed for separation. The heating and the electric field in the first two compartments are optional. The third compartment contains an inclined plate separator connected to an electrical system to generate electric fields within the passages of the separator to coalesce and separate the polar liquid from the non-polar liquid.

Abstract: An improved three-piece polymeric hydrogen vent assembly for use on chlor-alkali diaphragm cells comprises an elongated tube containing a standpipe and an inverted cup which separates the standpipe from the tube. The cup has a plurality of openings in its base portion and a manometer fitting in its top. The entire three-piece assembly is fabricated from a polymeric material, preferably polypropylene, and can be conveniently molded in a one-piece unit. Each individual component of the assembly can be separately cut from the single molded unit and assembled.The hydrogen vent assembly is primarily useful as a replacement for existing steel components and has the advantages of being less corrosive than carbon steel, easier to install, and safer in operation since it has a reduced risk of overflow during cell start-up.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane electrolysis cell of the filter press type with one or more plate-type electrode pairs, each comprising at least one non-continuous active central part, with a membrane provided between the electrode pairs, and with a seal installed between each electrode and membrane rim. The membrane cell is suitable for the production of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution (cell liquor) as well as of halogen and hydrogen by electrolyzing an aqueous halide-bearing electrolyte (brine).The non-continuous central part of the electrodes has a grid-type structure, the grid rods of the electrode pairs are staggered by a maximum of half the rod width, the grid rods of the electrodes are arranged so that their interspace is smaller than the projection of their width, the grid rods have a convex face at least on the active side, and the thickness of the seals between the electrode and membrane rims is equal or inferior to the height of the grid rod portion protruding over the electrode rim.

Abstract: A process for producing a sintered body of cubic system boron nitride comprises steps of:(a) mixing raw material boron nitride selected from the group consisting of hexagonal system boron nitride, cubic system boron nitride, and a mixture thereof with Me.sub.3 B.sub.2 N.sub.4 (where: Me represents an alkaline earth metal) in an amount of from 0.15 to 3.0 mol %; and(b) treating said mixed material at a temperature of 1350.degree. C. and above under a thermodynamically stabilized pressure condition of the cubic system boron nitride.

Abstract: The disintegration of solidified bath material on the residues of prebaked anodes is achieved by partially removing the bath material from the anode surface by core drilling which simultaneously initiates disintegration of the remaining bath layer. One or more core drills are moved parallel to the anode surface between steel nipples of the anode rod for disintegration of the bath layers.

Abstract: This invention relates to an automated apparatus for use with electromagnetic radiation, such as a laser beam, to promote chemical reactions. The reaction chamber apparatus comprises a cylinder equipped with a reciprocating piston and with one or more windows. The invention also comprises an automated system which utilizes said chamber, and a method for utilizing the chamber and system. A laser beam enters the cylinder through one window, activates the reagents therein, and exits the chamber through a second window. After a mixture has been reacted, the laser is placed on standby, and the piston reciprocates, filling the cylinder with fresh reagent. Various embodiments are described which improve the efficiency of this invention.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a metal conductor and a ceramic electrode body connected by a friction weld between a portion of the body having a level of free metal or metal alloy sufficient to effect such a friction weld and a portion of the metal conductor.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a metal conductor diffusion welded to a portion of a ceramic electrode body having a level of free metal or metal alloy sufficient to effect a metal bond.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a metal conductor attached to a ceramic electrode body by a metal bond on a portion of the body having a level of free metal or metal alloy sufficient to effect a metal bond.

Abstract: An electrophoretic coating method, including the steps of electrophoretically coating an anodic workpiece with enamel in an enamel slop composed of a watery suspension. At least one substance is added to the enamel slop which is enamel compatible and which emits electrons in the region of the anodic workpiece. Such compounds sometimes known as reduction agents are, for example, nitrite, sulfite, hypophosphite, cyanide, bromide and iodide.

Abstract: The method of causing or promoting chemical changes involving the step of subjecting reactants to ultrasonic energy as a key treatment step, including methods of: (1) reducing aryl halides by treating a mixture of aryl halide and lithium aluminum hydride in a liquid ether medium; (2) making cycloaddition products by treating a mixture of alpha, alpha'-dibromo-ortho-xylene, zinc powder and a dienophile in a liquid ether medium; (3) making beta-hydroxyesters by treating a mixture of alpha-bromoethylacetate, a carbonyl compound, zinc dust and an iodine enhancer in a liquid ether medium; (4) making tetramesityldisilene involving treating a solution of bis(mesityl)dichlorosilane in a liquid ether medium, with lithium present in the medium; and (5) saturating organic compounds having capability of reduction at carbon-carbon bonds involving treating a mixture of an organic compound having capability of reduction at carbon-carbon bonds, and formic acid, in an alcohol medium with palladium-on-carbon present as a catal

Abstract: Disclosed is a photolytic device comprising a photoelectrode having a plurality of stacked, individual photoelectric or photovoltaic elements between a substrate and an electrode, a counterelectrode which may be a separate spaced counterelectrode or the substrate, and an unbiased external circuit. Also disclosed is a method of forming hydrogen using the photolytic device.

Abstract: An apparatus for the precise adjustment of the anode plane of a cell for the production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in the molten cryolite of which the anodic system comprises a plurality of prebaked anodes arranged in two parallel lines and provided with suspension rods connected electrically to an anode bus bar which permits the positive intake of current.

Abstract: An electrodialysis purifier system employing an anode, cathodes, water streams, waste streams and ion exchange membranes therebetween. Ion exchange beads are contained within the water streams and waste streams primarily for conductivity control. Screens support the membranes for increased longevity and ribs are so positioned within the element to resist differential pressures encountered. Ion exchange sites are employed throughout the system to increase the dissociation of water into its component ions. Such sites also aid in reducing scale formation. A buffer zone is provided around the cathodes to separate hydroxyl ions from positive ions which would otherwise combine to form scale. Alignment tubes provide the dual purpose of conveying water to various locations throughout the purifier and provide alignment to the various sections.