Abstract: Compositions consisting of silicon nitride, hard materials such as titanium carbide and titanium nitride, and densifying agents such as lanthanum oxide or lanthanum aluminum compounds are disclosed for silicon nitride bodies.

Abstract: Anodized aluminum is sealed in a one step process without the necessity of a further desmudging step. A metal acetate salt is mixed with soluble sulfate ion and a dispersing agent to provide a seal without leaving visible smudge on anodized aluminum.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for electrolysis of a spent caustic solution in a three-compartment cell to produce alkali metal hydroxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to sulfur dioxide which is returned to the electrolysis cell to form sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of cyanide from thiocyanate. An aqueous solution containing thiocyanate is introduced into an electrochemical reactor. The reactor is activated for an appropriate time period while the pH of the solution is maintained in the range of 1 to 4. The cyanide formed can be recovered, in various ways including recovery as hydrocyanic acid. Alternatively, an aqueous solution containing thiocyanate is introduced into a suitable electrochemical reactor. The reactor is activated for an appropriate time period while the pH of the solution is maintained in the range of 10 to 12 to produce relatively harmless products, for example, cyanate, ammonia, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the steel industry and involves methods for the use of slag in forming mineral wool.

Abstract: Electrolytic cells for production of Mg or other metal lighter than the molten electrolyte comprise electrode assemblies of anode 28, cathode 26 and intermediate bipolar electrodes 30 with substantially vertical regions 39 between them. The intermediate bipolar electrodes have open-top channels 50 along their top edges. An electrolyte/metal mixture rising from the interelectrode regions by gas lift is transported along these channels, substantially undisturbed by rising gas, to a weir 20 and then to a metal collection chamber 18. The electrolyte surface is kept at a constant level, preferably by means of a vessel 22 submerged in electrolyte in the metal collection chamber, to or from which molten electrolyte can be transferred to alter the surface level.

Abstract: Dielectric sealing of porous anodized aluminum, in which moisture in the pores of the oxide coating formed by hardcoat anodizing is removed, and the porous anodized surface then impregnated with a dielectric wax. Suitable wax sealants include Carnauba and Montan waxes. The anodized member is preliminarily heated to a temperature in the range 120.degree.-180.degree. C. in order to drive off moisture and other substances from the pores. This heating process may be continued for the purposes of impregnating the pores with the wax sealant, which is applied as a hot melt. Alternatively, the preliminary dehydration is achieved simply by heating the member to the impregnating temperature, with no separate dehydration stage. Any excess material remaining on the member's surface is removed. The resulting product has excellent resistivity and dielectric properties, and maintains these properties at elevated humidities.

Abstract: A novel device for clamping together a sandwich-type gel slab plate assembly includes an elongate housing having a recess on one side and two movable bars placed parallel to each other inside the recess. Due to a series of angled parallel surface segments on the lateral edges of the bars and one side wall of the recess, a vertical force against one bar translates into a lateral force against the other, urging the latter toward the other side wall of the recess, clamping the plates in between with even force along the entire length.

Abstract: The carbonaceous body of the invention is prepared by shaping and sintering uniform powdery mixture composed of a powder of a low-temperature coke, a powder of boron carbide and a powder of silicon carbide in such a proportion that the weight proportion of the boron carbide and the silicon carbide is in the range from 2:98 to 80:20 and the volume proportion of the coke powder and the combination of the boron carbide and silicon carbide is in the range from 50:50 to 95:5. The carbonaceous body thus obtained is highly resistant against air oxidation even at a temperature of 1400.degree. C. in addition to the outstandingly high mechanical strengths in comparison with conventional carbonaceous shaped materials such as artificial graphite.

Abstract: Particles having different properties (e.g. particulate fly ash and carbon) are separated by driving the particles by means of a vibratory feeder (12) forwards along a horizontal electrode plate (1) above which is mounted a second electrode (2) having at least one plate (4) mounted at an acute angle (.alpha.) to the horizontal. Preferably, two plates (4) each extend sideways from a central block (3) of dielectric material. An alternating electric field is generated between the electrodes (1, 2) by a high voltage AC power source (14). The potential across each plate (4) varies (in particular, decreases) in the lateral direction, the variation being continuous or stepwise. The field lines (16) from each plate (4) curve to the side and impart centrifugal forces to particles charged by friction or conductive induction, which forces separate lighter, more heavily charged particles from the others. The separated particles are collected in bins (13) arranged around the lower electrode (1).

Abstract: A method is described for the amperometric determination of the concentration in a biological sample of a constituent which is a substrate for an oxidase enzyme by (1) catalyzing the substrate with the enzyme, thereby consuming O.sub.2 and producing H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and (2) measuring the O.sub.2 consumption or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 production by means of an inert metal indicator electrode intimately coated with a thin film of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.A reaction chamber is described which provides means for contacting the sample with the enzyme and means for making amperometric measurements utilizing inert metal indicator electrodes coated with a thin film of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.

Abstract: A cathode matrix is provided for producing dislodgeable metal slugs of electrolytically deposited metal comprising a laminar metal substrate having an array of raised bosses with exposed flat faces distributed over the substrate and integral therewith. The total surface of the cathode is covered by an adherent layer of an electrolyte resistant, substantially impermeable, low electrical conductivity material, such as fluorinated hydrocarbon, except for the exposed faces of the bosses, the exposed faces being adapted to receive electrodeposited metal thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out a photochemical reaction incorporates a housing (11) and a lid (15), removably affixed thereto, which together define a reaction chamber (20). The lid has an axial opening (26) therein for the passage of a light beam therethrough. Means for transmitting light energy (30) within the reaction chamber (20) having a tapered end (31) optically communicating in a sealed disposition with the axial opening (26), extends into the reaction chamber (20) and terminates in a uniquely configured end (32). The light beam received by the tapered end (31) of the means for transmitting light energy (30) is controllably dispersed within the reaction chamber (20) by the uniquely configured end (32). As such, it is possible to use an external light source to activate a photochemical reaction of the reactants, and/or a photocatalyst, contained within the reaction chamber (20). Methods for carrying out photochemical reactions in the aforementioned apparatus are likewise embodied herein.

Abstract: An electrode of a metal oxide sintered mass, comprising; a cylindrical hollow body with one end thereof closed; said body being made of the sintered metal oxide; and a core material of a metal member, said core material being inserted into and secured to, by means of bonding agent of a conductive material, said cylindrical body.

Abstract: Component of electrowinning or electrorefining cell, which component in use is normally in contact with molten aluminum or in electrical contact with another component which is in contact with molten aluminum. Surface and/or inner portion of component is made of cermet body formed by reaction sintering at pressures ranging from subatmospheric to superatmospheric of reactants, which can be elements, compounds, intermetallic compounds and/or alloys, in stoichiometric proportions to substantially form 30-95 mole percent of first phase or phases being boride, carbide, nitride, silicide, sulfide or combination thereof of one or more of the elements of Groups 4b, 5b and 6b, and 5-70 mole percent of second phase or phases being aluminum, alloy or intermetallic compound thereof, or combination thereof; and the maximum grain size of the first phase or phases is substantially not greater than 10 .mu.m. Also production cell, and method of producing aluminum in such cell, with the reaction sintered cermet component.

Abstract: An improved process for making tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl, Rh.sub.4 (CO).sub.12, reacts RhCl.sub.3.xH.sub.2 O with CO under about 200 psig (14.06 kg/cm.sup.2) at a temperature of about 50.degree. C. in the presence of copper metal and an alkali metal halide, e.g. NaCl. The product mixture is contacted with a chlorinated solvent, e.g. CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, which dissolves the desired product and is subsequently recovered by evaporating the solvent.

Abstract: Particles having different properties (e.g. particulate fly ash and carbon) are separated by moving the particles forwards along a horizontal electrode plate (1) above which is mounted a second electrode (2) having two plates (4) each extending sideways from a central block (3) of dielectric material at an acute angle (.alpha.) to the horizontal. An alternating electric field is generated between the electrodes (1, 2) by a high voltage AC power source (14). The field lines (16) from each plate curve to the side and impart centrifugal forces to particles charged by friction or conductive induction, which forces separate lighter, more highly charged particles from the others. The separated particles are collected in bins (13) arranged around the lower electrode (1), which electrode is mounted on a vibratory transducer (12).

Abstract: An oxygen sensor element having an oxygen ion-permeable solid electrolyte having a tabular or columnar shape and electrode layers formed on the solid electrolyte. At least one of the electrode layers is composed of a fired body having a uniform structure consisting of 100 weight parts of a metal and 0.1 to 10 weight parts of a glass which consists of the following materials in molar amounts: SiO.sub.2, 62-75%; ZrO.sub.2, 7-11%; R.sub.2 O, 13-23%; R'O, 1-10%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-4%; B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-6%; Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-5%; CaF.sub.2, 0-2%; and TiO.sub.2, 0-4%; wherein R.sub.2 O is Na.sub.2 O which is substantially pure or is substituted by Li.sub.2 O within 2 mole percent thereof, and R'O is an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline-earth metal oxides, ZnO and MnO. Disclosed also is a method of producing the oxygen sensor element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating an electrolytic cell having an active, catalytic cathode and an iron structure in contact with an alkaline electrolyte. The dissolution of iron into the electrolyte is reduced by a sacrificial anode in proximity to, and preferably in contact with, the iron structure.

Abstract: An overhead conveyor installation for motor-vehicle bodies is provided which is particularly suited for use in electrophoresic paint lines. The installation includes a loading station whereat body carriers conveyed by conveyors of the installation are loaded up with respective vehicle bodies supplied to the loading station by robot trucks. Each body carrier comprises front and rear dependent arms arranged to be introduced through the wind-shield and rear window openings of a vehicle body and engaged with internal apertures preformed in the body. Each body carrier also comprises an electrical contact member enabling connection of a body loaded onto the carrier to a voltage source, and a locking arrangement for locking the arms and contact member in their positions of engagement with a motor-vehicle body.