Abstract: Disclosed are oral compositions containing particular pyrophosphate salts which provide an anticalculus benefit.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) and pharmaceutical preparations containing the same are disclosed ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is --OOCR.sup.3 or --OOC(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOR.sup.4 ; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or methoxy; one of X and X' is a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and the other is hydrogen; one of Y and Y' is hydrogen and the other is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy and acyloxy; one of Z and Z' is hydrogen and the other is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy and acyloxy; R.sup.3 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n is an integer of 0 to 6. These compounds are active in the inhibition of malignant diseases.

Abstract: Novel biotinylated nucleotides have a chemically cleavable linker arm between a biotin and an organic basic group. They are useful in a method of isolating target macromolecules from crude physiological mixtures. The biotinylated nucleotides are bound via their organic basic groups to macromolecules having an affinity for the target macromolecules and brought into contact with the target macromolecules to form a biotinylated nucleotide-affinity macromolecule - target macromolecule complex. The complex thus obtained is brought into contact with immobilized avidin whereupon the biotin moeity binds to the avidin. The complex and avidin are washed to remove undesired substances and then the chemically cleavable bond in the nucleotide is cleaved to obtain the affinity-macromolecule - target macromolecule complex from which the target macromolecule can be obtained.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a process for the prevention and reversal of cataracts. Specifically, the invention comprises the treatment of the eye lens with an effective cataract inhibiting amount of thioredoxin or thioredoxin-derived, or thioredoxin-like, dithiol peptide, alone, or in combination with a thioredoxin reductase regenerating system. The thioredoxin compound can be administered topically to a patient in need of such treatment on a daily basis over an extended period of time via known delivery techniques such as eye drops and ocular inserts.

Abstract: A blend of mono- and dialkyl-1,4:3,6-dianhydrosorbitol is made by alkylation of 1,4:3,6-dianhydrosorbitol with dialkyl carbonate in the presence of a base catalyst. Mono- and dialkylated blends obtained therefrom are useful in plaque inhibiting dentrifice compositions.

Abstract: A novel beta-1,3-glucan (ganoderan) is produced by culturing a microorganism of genus Ganoderma. Ganoderan is composed of a backbone structure of beta-1,3-linked D-glucopyranose residues bearing, at some of the C-6 positions, side chains of single beta-1,6-linked D-glucopyranose residue, and, at some of the C-2 positions, side chains of another type wherein 2-4 D-glucopyranose residues are linked via beta-1,4-linkage. Hydrogenation of ganoderan leads to the formation of a polyol-type ganoderan. Intact- and polyol-type ganoderans both having a strong antioncotic activity. They are usable in chemicals, food products, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Abstract: Lipid containing molecules and compositions, including gangliosides and omental tissue extracts had previously been found to be effective in increasing angiogenesis. It has now been found that these same materials cause increased localized perfusion in mammals. A method for providing increased perfusion, using these compositions, is presented herein.

Abstract: Polymeric polyols are prepared by reacting a polyhydroxy initiator compound with an epoxide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide catalyst used in an amount of at least 10% by mole based on the molar amount of polyhydroxy initiator compounds. The polyols so obtained may be chain extended by reaction with further epoxide in the presence of at least 10% by mole of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst based on the molar amount of the polymeric polyol.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a polylactide and a pharmacologically active, acid stable polypeptide, which when placed in an aqueous physiological environment release the polypeptide at an approximately constant rate in an essentially monophasic manner, with a minimal, or no induction period prior to the release; polylactides suitable for use in said compositions; and a method for the manufacture of such polylactides.

Abstract: A single unit dose chewable oral product stabilized against syneresis comprising an alginate gelling agent, cross-linked with a calcium ion, flavor and a liquid vehicle containing water, humectant and a vegetable oil additive to reduce syneresis.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and preparation of the antibiotic by cultivating Nocardia sp. SC-4710.

Abstract: Benzothien-3-yl adenosine; benzothien-3-yl adenosine, S-oxide; and benzothien-3-yl adenosine, S,S-dioxide compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts having highly desirable central nervous system and antihypertensive properties, processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions and methods for using said compounds and compositions are described.

Abstract: A skin treatment composition comprising at least one glycoside of hydroquinone having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a pentose residue, a hexose residue, an amino sugar residue, or an uronic acid residue, or the methylated product thereof in a skin treatment base. This skin treatment composition can further contain at least one UV absorber. The hydroquinone glycoside (I) exhibits an excellent depigmentation effect and effectively suppresses skin irritation caused by the UV absorber.

Abstract: A novel therapeutic method for treating human and animal subjects afflicted with congestive heart failure is provided by administering effective dosages of a selective antagonist for arginine vasopressin to the subject. The antagonist is an effective and potent inhibitor for vasopressin and is a therapeutic agent selected from the class consisting of analogues of previously prepared compositions synthesized in a conventionally known manner. The administration of such selective antagonist as a therapeutic agent results in a demonstrated beneficial change in approximately thirty percent of tested individuals.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antiherpetic lipstick which is characterized by a content of an antiherpetically active combination of at least one sulphatised polysaccharide or sulphatized polymer, or at least one salt thereof, for example heparin sodium, and a dissociable zinc salt, for example zinc sulphate heptahydrate, in admixture with a polyethylene glycol mixture of which the constituents have a molecular weight of between 300 and 4000. Such lipsticks may contain further additives, especially polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or sorbitan fatty acid esters. The invention relates also to the use of these lipsticks for the treatment of disorders of the lips and of other areas of the face caused by human herpes viruses.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing monofluoromethyl- and difluoromethyluracil nucleosides from the corresponding thymine nucleosides is developed. These compounds which contain a partially fluorinated methyl group at the C-5 position (a new class of nucleosides) are potential antiviral and/or anticancer agents. The major features of the preparative route involve bromination of suitably protected thymine nucleosides followed by fluoride treatment.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns truncated human IL-1 cDNA sequences which encode biologically-active novel human IL-1 proteins. These truncated human IL-1 cDNA sequences can be obtained by genetic engineering procedures using a clone of human IL-1 cDNA, having the accession number NRRL B-15770, as a starting material. The truncated human IL-1 cDNA sequences of the subject invention are contained in specified plasmids whose constructions are described in detail. Biologically-active human IL-1 proteins are useful to induce the production of IL-2 by activated T-cells. They also act on B-cells and NK-cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to nitrocellulose free nail lacquer compositions comprising copolymers of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers, in suitable carriers. The nail lacquer compositions may be applied to nails where they form a high gloss, well adhering waterproof film. A process for forming nitrocellulose free nail lacquer compositions is also provided.

Abstract: New solid galenical form for oral administration, consisting of a mixture of one or more active products and two or more excipients which can be liquefied at a temperature compatible with the active product or products, and which are solid at ambient temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition and method relating to the preparation of aspartyl peptides having the general formula: ##STR1## where the radical-NHR represents an amino acid or peptide group. In the method, a .beta.-monoester of aspartic acid having the general formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.1 represents a hydrocarbon-containing radical, is reacted with a .beta.-dicarbonyl compound, preferably ethylacetoacetate to protect the aspartyl amino group and form an enamine. The enamine is then coupld to an amino acid or peptide, following which any protecting groups are removed to yield .alpha.-aspartyl peptides without any .beta.-isomer. In its composition aspects, the present invention is directed to novel enamines resulting from reaction of the .beta.-monoester of aspartic acid with a .beta.-dicarbonyl compound.