Abstract: By forming a copper salt of phytic acid at a molar ratio of copper ion (Cu2+) to phytic acid of 2:1 or higher, there is provided a compound absorbing near infrared rays, which does not substantially absorb lights of visible light wavelength range, but strongly absorb lights of near infrared wavelength range, and shows extremely good water solubility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of phosphinic acids from alkali metal phosphinates, which comprises reacting alkali metal phosphinates in a polar solvent with an inorganic mineral acid and then separating off the phosphinic acid formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monomer having the formula A-B, wherein A is represented by Formula I: wherein B is selected from —OCF═CF2 and —A; wherein, when B is—OCF═CF2, the orientation of B is meta or para to the trifluorovinyloxy group of A; wherein, when B is A, the bond joining the A groups is para to the trifluorovinyloxy group of each A; and wherein each Z is independently selected from —SO2F, —SO2Cl, —SO3H, —SO2—N(M)—SO2CF3, and —SO2—N(M)—SO2Rf; wherein M is any suitable cation and Rf is a C1 to C10 fluorocarbon or fluorinated ether group. The present invention also provides a monomer according to Formula II: wherein X is F, Cl, or N(M)SO2Rf, wherein M is any suitable cation and Rf is a C1 to C10 fluorocarbon or fluorinated ether group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new class of peroxides and to a process for the preparation of these peroxides having the general formula (I), wherein n=1 or 2, R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from the group comprising hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl, and C7-C20 alkaryl, or R1 and R2 form a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group, which groups may include linear or branched alkyl moieties; and each of R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 may optionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, linear or branched alkyl, aryloxy, halogen, ester, carboxy, nitrile, and amido, and R1 and R2 may form a ring, and R3 is independently selected from the group comprising C1-C20, alkyl; C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C7-C20, aralkyl, and C7-C20 alkaryl, which groups may include linear or branched alkyl moieties; and R3 may optionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, linear or branched alkyl, aryloxy,

Abstract: A process that can be used for sulfonating, sulfating, or sulfamating an organic compound is disclosed. The process can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, contacting the organic compound with sulfur trioxide under a condition sufficient to effect the sulfonation, sulfation, or sulfamation of the organic compound. The organic compound can be an aromatic compound, alcohol, carbohydrate, amine, amide, protein, or combinations of two or more thereof. The sulfur trioxide can be present in a complex comprising an inorganic support such as zeolite, silicalite, silica, titanosilicate, borosilicate, clay, aluminophosphate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Abstract: This invention is to develop novel transition metal catalysts for the practical synthesis of important chiral molecules. The invention emphasizes asymmetric catalysis based on chiral bidentate phosphine ligands with cyclic ring structures which could be used to restrict conformational flexibility of the ligands and thus the efficiency of chiral transfer can be enhanced through the ligand rigidity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optically active diphosphines. It is also targeted at their preparation according to a process for the resolution of the racemic mixture of the said phosphines to optically active isomers. The subject of the invention is new optically active bis[1-phospha-2,3-diphenyl-4,5-dimethylnorbornadiene] diphosphines and a process for resolving the racemic bis[1-phospha-2,3-diphenyl-4,5-dimethylnorbornadiene] mixture which comprises reacting it with a palladium or platinum complex as chiral auxiliary in an organic solvent, thus forming diastereoisomer complexes, and then resolving the said optically pure complexes. The invention also relates to new optically active metal complexes comprising the said phosphines and to their use in a process for the preparation of optically active carboxylic acids and/or derivatives according to a process for the hydrogenation of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic thiophenol represented by the formula (I): Yn—Ar—(SH)m(I), wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon; Y represents at least one substituent bonded to a carbon atom constituting the aromatic ring of Ar, which substituent is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, nitrile, sulfone, sulfamoyl and hydrocarbylsulfonyl groups; m is an integer of 1 or more; and n is an integer of 1 or more, which comprises (a) reacting an aromatic thioether represented by the formula (II): Yn—Ar—(SR)m(II), wherein R represents a monovalent secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl, or a monovalent primary hydrocarbyl group represented by the formula: —CH2—R1 or —CH2—CR2═C (R2)2, wherein R1 represents a monovalent aromatic ring group optionally substituted by a monovalent hydrocarbyl group, and each of R2 is the same or different from each other and represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbyl group, with (A) a Lewis acid in

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a compound of general formula (R3—C)2P—L1—X—L2—P—(C—R3)2, in which each R is independently a pendant, optionally substituted, organic group through which the group is linked to tertiary carbon atom C; L1, L2 are independently a linking group selected from an optionally substituted lower alkylene chain connecting the respective phosphorus atom to the group X and X is a bridging group comprising an optionally substituted aryl moiety to which the phosphorus atoms are linked on available adjacent carbon atoms, comprises: i) reacting together a compound of formula H—L1—X—L2—H with an organometallic compound to form an intermediate compound of formula M—L1—X—L2—M, where M is an alkali metal atom; ii) reacting said intermediate compound with a compound of formula (R3—C)2P—A, where A is a halogen atom, to form said compound of general formula (R3—C)2P—L1—X—L2—P&

Abstract: A lutein to zeaxanthin isomerization process which includes a saponification or alkali treatment of a plant extract containing lutein followed by a heating period under controlled conditions, is carried out in the presence of a surface active agent having an HLB of from 1 to 40 as a catalyst for the lutein to zeaxanthin isomerization reaction, at a temperature between 70 to 140° C., in order to obtain a reaction product with high zeaxanthin concentrations of up to 80% of the total carotenoids.

Abstract: A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process is provided. The catalyst employed in the process is a metal cyclopentadienyl complex which is coordinated to defined bidentate ligands. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred bidentate ligands are diamines and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centers. The hydrogen donor is advantageously a secondary alcohol or a mixture of triethylamine and formic acid. The process can be employed to transfer hydrogenate ketones and imines, which are preferably prochiral. Catalysts for use in such a process are also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the preparation of a compound of the formula I wherein n is 0 or 1, R1 is C1-C12alkyl or —CH2SR3, R2 is C1-C12alkyl, C7-C9phenylalkyl, C7-C9-phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl radical by from 1 to 3 C1-C4alkyl groups; or —CH2SR3, R3 is C6-C18alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, R4 is hydrogen or methyl, R5 is hydrogen or methyl, with the proviso that R4 and R5 are not simultaneously methyl, by reacting a compound of the formula II wherein n, R4 and R5 are as previously defined, R11 is hydrogen or C1-C12alkyl; and R12 is hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl, C7-C9phenylalkyl, C7-C9phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl radical by from 1 to 3 C1-C4alkyl groups; with formaldehyde or a compound that liberates formaldehyde under the reaction conditions and with at least one compound of the formula III R3SH  (III) wherein R3 is as previously defined, in the presence of a base, said base being mono- or dimethylamine or mono- or diethylamin

Abstract: The invention relates to a pulverulent sorbitol, characterized in that it exhibits a hygroscopicity value, determined according to a test A, of less than 2%, preferably of less than 1.7%, and a specific surface, determined according to the BET method, at least equal to 2 m2/g, preferably at least equal to 2.2 m2/g, and also relates to its process of preparation. The invention also relates to compositions intended in particular for the food and pharmaceutical fields and to the use of the said pulverulent sorbitol in the preparation of tablets exhibiting a <<smooth in the mouth>> texture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition that contains polysulfides and that has a reduced odor level and to a method for reducing the odor of polysulfides. The composition contains a polysulfide and an inhibitor that reduces the odor level. The polysulfides include sulfurized olefins prepared by reacting the olefin with sulfur and H2S in the presence of a catalyst. The inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl acrylates and hydrocarbyl methacrylates. The method for reducing the odor level of polysulfides involves contacting the polysulfide with an inhibitor selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl acrylates and hydrocarbyl methacrylates under conditions that reduce the odor level.

Abstract: A method of improving the stability of ar-pCDI formed using phosphorous oxide catalysts by deactivating the catalyst by addition to the ar-pCDI of at least one catalyst poison is disclosed.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are nitrated by a process in which the aromatic hydrocarbon is reacted in the liquid phase with an oxide of nitrogen selected from NO, N2O3, NO2 and N2O4 and with an oxygen-containing gas stream in the presence of a heterogeneous oxidic catalyst, wherein at least 0.1 mol %, based on the aromatic hydrocarbon, of water is present at the beginning of the reaction.

Abstract: Phosphonite ligands, catalyst compositions containing such ligands and a hydroformylation process using such catalyst compositions involving a bidentate phosphonite ligand having the structure represented by the following wherein the Ar groups are either the same or different unbridged organic aromatic groups such as substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, mixtures thereof or the like are disclosed. The ligands in combination with a Group VIII metal or Group VIII metal compound are particularly useful in a hydroformylation process for reacting an ethylenically unsaturated compound to produce linear alkenals at high selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of dialkylphosphinic acids and salts thereof, which comprises a) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkylating agents in the presence of a base to give a mixture which comprises, as principal constituents, the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids, b) esterifying the principal constituents of the mixture from a) to give an ester mixture, c) isolating the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid from the ester mixture, d) preparing the corresponding ester of the dialkylphosphinic acid from the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid by free-radical-initiated reaction with olefins, e) converting the ester of the dialkylphosphinic acid into the free acid or into the dialkylphosphinic acid salts of metals from groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, IIB, IVB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table or of cerium.

Abstract: Styryl sulfone compounds of the invention selectively inhibit proliferation of tumor cells, and induce apoptosis of such tumor cells, while sparing normal cells.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a sulfon derivative of formula (1): wherein Ar represents an aryl group which may be substituted, R represents a lower alkyl group and the wavy line depicted by  indicates a single bond and stereochemistry relating to a double bond bound therewith is E or Z or a mixture thereof, which process is characterized by reacting an aldehyde derivative of formula (2): with phosphonium salt of formula (3): in the presence of a base; a sulfone derivative of formula (1) and a process for producing a &bgr;-carotene using sulfone derivative of formula (1).