Abstract: An improved solid state transmitter (and elements therefor) adapted particularly well to pulsed operation at radio frequencies is disclosed. Such transmitter includes the combination of: A crystal-controlled oscillator producing a continuous wave output signal which, ultimately, determines the frequency of each transmitted pulse; a first oscillatory circuit, including a resonant cavity and at least one normally quiescent coaxial oscillator incorporating an IMPATT diode; a second oscillatory circuit, including a resonant cavity and a plurality of normally quiescent coaxial oscillators, each one of such oscillators incorporating an IMPATT diode; and an improved modulator for periodically actuating all of the IMPATT diodes in such a manner that a pulsed output of the first oscillatory circuit is produced which remains locked to the then existing continuous wave signal out of the crystal-controlled oscillator and the pulsed outputs of the coaxial oscillators in the second oscillatory circuit similarly are locked.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetron with a folded 1/4.lambda. choke for suppression of higher harmonics formed by three coaxial conductors, the inner one of which is connected to the output probe of the magnetron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resistance-frequency converting circuit for converting measurement values of a physical object of meteorological phenomena into electrical signals.The resistance-frequency converting circuit in accordance with the present invention substantially consists of a multivibrator consisting of a combination of one or more NOT-circuits with time constant circuits, whereby the time constant circuits are so designed that the discharge time remarkably differs from the charging time while the time constant circuit includes weather sensing elements, that is meteorological sensors, whose resistance values are determined in accordance with the states of the meteorological factors.

Abstract: The invention relates to elastic surface wave oscillators using a feedback loop formed by a filter consisting of two interdigitated comb transducers. More particularly, the invention relates to a stable oscillator having a low harmonic content wherein the electrical oscillation energy is extracted by means of an auxiliary interdigitated transducer receiving a fraction of the vibratory energy exchanged in the feedback loop.

Abstract: An electronic circuit which has a constant voltage circuit comprises a reference voltage generating circuit, a voltage controlled element receiving the signals from said reference voltage generating circuit which is composed of a plurality of MOS transistors, and a load circuit receiving said constant voltage circuit.

Abstract: A maser functioning as a frequency standard stable to one part in 10.sup.14 includes a variable volume, constant surface area storage bulb having a fixed volume portion located in a resonant cavity from which the frequency standard is derived. A variable volume portion of the bulb, exterior to the resonant cavity, has a maximum volume on the same order of magnitude as the fixed volume bulb portion. The cavity has a length to radius ratio of at least 3:1 so that the operation is attained without the need for a feedback loop. A baffle plate, between the fixed and variable volume bulb portions, includes apertures for enabling hydrogen atoms to pass between the two bulb portions and is an electromagnetic shield that prevents coupling of the electromagnetic field of the cavity into the variable volume bulb portion. The maser is operated so that the zero wall shift frequency thereof can be determined by being operated at first and second very accurately controlled temperatures for identical small and large volumes.

Abstract: An electronic phase detector circuit includes a variable period sawtooth generator. The sawtooth generator receives digital reference clock signals and in response thereto generates sawtooth-shaped signals having the same period as said reference clock signals. A sample and hold circuit samples the sawtooth-shaped signals in response to one logical state of a sampling clock. A voltage controlled oscillator is coupled to the output of the sample and hold circuit and oscillates at a frequency proportional to the magnitude of the held sample.

Abstract: A dual time constant, phase lock loop indicator is described which will respond in one manner to signals indicating an "unlocked" condition and respond in another, different manner to signals indicating a "locked" condition.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the mean-frequency and modulation slope of a frequency controlled oscillator used for generating PSK signals is disclosed. A control signal representative of the phase deviation between the PKS signal and a reference signal representative of the base frequency of the carrier signal is generated. The control signal is directly utilized to stabilize the mean-frequency of the PSK signal generated by the frequency controlled oscillator. After the control signal is inverted as a function of a data signal whose information is to be carried by the PSK signal, it is utilized to stabilize the modulation slope of the PSK signal.

Abstract: A variable sinusoidal oscillator comprised of an operational amplifier connected in a unity-gain configuration, with a positive-feedback capacitor connected between the output and the noninverting input of the amplifier, and a resistor between the noninverting input and circuit ground, either in the form of an external resistor or simply in the form of the input resistance of the amplifier. A linear attenuator may be connected in the negative-feedback circuit, and a nonlinear attenuator may be connected in tandem with the capacitor, or vice versa.

Abstract: An improvement in an atomic or molecular frequency standard, more particularly, the atomic hydrogen maser, by the use of electrode structures circumferentially placed around the exterior of the atomic or molecular storage vessel and in a surface of revolution about the initial atomic hydrogen beam path. These electrodes allow maser action in maser devices of physical dimensions much smaller than those formerly possible.

Abstract: A method for compensating the effects of misalignment between deflecting magnetic fields and a linear accelerator in a race track microtron where properly injected and accelerated electrons travel along successive complete orbits numbered in sequence comprising the steps of generating on both sides of the linear accelerator a compensating magnetic field perpendicular to the common plane of the orbits, each field intersecting all complete successive orbits and having a field strength in the regions of the intersections varying stepwise from intersection to intersection, and simultaneously varying the field strength at the intersections while maintaining a linear relationship between the field strength at an intersection and the number of the intersecting complete orbit.

Abstract: The movable core member magnetically coupled to the inductance coil of a variable inductor element is adapted for operation by a monitored displaceable member. Circuitry is provided for effecting a series of inductance coil charge and discharge cycles at a rate determined by the inductance value of the inductance coil as established by the position of the movable core member. Included in this circuitry is a circuit element of the type having two operating conditions which, in one operating condition, is effective to control switching circuitry to establish an inductance coil charge cycle; is switched, when the inductance coil charge current has reached a predetermined level, to the other operating condition in which it is effective to control the switching circuitry to establish an inductance coil discharge cycle and is switched, when the inductance coil discharge current has reduced to a predetermined level, to the original operating condition to initiate another inductance coil charge cycle.

Abstract: A circuit for synchronizing an oscillator keyed by a pulse is provided with a low amplitude reference oscillation. A phase shift regulating loop has a phase discriminator which is fed, on one hand, with a branched component of the oscillator output and, on the other hand, with the reference oscillation. The phase discriminator compares the phases of the two oscillators and emits a resultant regulating voltage an adjustable reactance for controlling the oscillator frequency during the leading edge of the keying pulse. A phase shift device, adjustable over 180.degree., is connected between the oscillator and the phase discriminator, the phase discriminator having a high-ohmic output which is connected, via an impedance converter, to the adjustable reactance.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for achieving frequency stabilization. A tunable element, such as a cavity structure, is stabilized through the use of multiple modulation to stabilize both the resonant frequency of the cavity structure and the probe signal coupled to an atomic, molecular or other reference resonance line. Said reference resonance line can be internal or external to the cavity structure. A local oscillator provides a carrier signal, which typically can be at a frequency of 5 MHz, with the carrier signal being phase or frequency modulated by multiple modulating signals, such as, for example, by modulating signals with frequencies of 12.2 KHz and 0.4 Hz, and the multiple modulated carrier signal then processed and the resulting probe signal coupled to the cavity structure substantially at a preselected frequency, which frequency can be approximately 1420 MHz for a hydrogen frequency standard useful for atomic clocks.

Abstract: A CMOS oscillator including a first pair of series connected CMOS devices and second pair of series connected CMOS devices, a resistance connected to the source of one of said MOS devices of the first pair having a width to length ratio greater than the width to length ratio of the corresponding device of the second pair, and a series resonant frequency determining network. The resistance and the larger W/L MOS device determine the steady state operating current independent of other circuit elements. The gates of the one MOS device and corresponding MOS devices are connected to the drain of the corresponding device and the other MOS devices are connected as current mirrors.

Abstract: An arrangement enables the frequency variation of a resonant element (an accelerating section for example) to be followed in dependence upon its temperature and the frequency of the hyperfrequency generator G feeding this resonant element Q to be controlled in dependence upon the frequency variations thereof. The arrangement comprises at least one reference cavity C associated with means for allowing the circulation of cooling fluid along the walls of said reference cavity and with heat supply for bringing it, at any instant, to the temperature of the resonant element Q, means for measuring the amplitude variation .DELTA.a of the signal corresponding to the frequency variation of said reference cavity C in terms of its temperature variation and a frequency variation system controlled by a signal proportional to the amplitude variation .DELTA.a, for modifying the operating frequency of the generator G.

Abstract: A phase synchronizing circuit for the demodulation of multi-phase PSK signals has a broadened capture frequency range while avoiding false capture. The circuit includes a phase synchronizing loop having a voltage controlled oscillator for generating a variable frequency output in response to a control voltage and a phase comparator for providing a comparison output representative of the phase difference between the output of the voltage controlled oscillator and an input signal. The comparison output serves as the control voltage for the voltage controlled oscillator. A phase-lock detection circuit is connected to the phase synchronizing loop to detect the phase-synchronized or unsynchronized states of the loop. A low frequency sweep generator is responsive to the phase-lock detection circuit for generating a variable-amplitude voltage which is supplied as a frequency sweep voltage to the voltage controlled oscillator.

Abstract: A tunable oscillator with high frequency stability and accuracy which utilizes a counter that periodically checks the actual value of the frequency and depending upon the count reached in the counter stage produces one of two logic output signals such that the first signal is formed on the occurrence of a number from a first correlated number sequence which indicates a frequency deviation from the desired value in a first direction and the second number is formed on the occurrence of a number which deviates from the desired frequency in a second direction and wherein logic signals are used to directly or indirectly recharge a capacitor at varying time constants depending upon the frequence drift.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel filtering circuit whereby a phase detected output control signal is filtered and utilized to provide greater stability in a phase-locked loop. The filtering circuit is placed in the connecting path between a phase detector and an oscillator; the oscillator supplies output signals, having a repetition rate which depends on the instantaneous values of the filtered control signal. The filtering circuit comprises an adder which adds the phase detected control signal to a signal corresponding to the preceding filtered control signal multiplied by a constant factor which is less than unity (<1).